58 research outputs found
Π’ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ: ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΡΠΌΠ°Π½Π°
The article is focused on operationalization of the notion "success of communication" by Luhmann on the basic of empirical research results devoted to the transmission of life styles process through advertisement. The goals of the research were to determine the structure of life styles and complexes in advertisement among young generation of students and generation of their parents and to evaluate the influence of important factors of effectiveness of advertisement as social communication.ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΏΡΡ
Ρ Π·Π³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΡΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°- ΡΡΠ² Π΅ΠΌΠΏΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ² ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΏΡΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ² ΠΆΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ², ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ, Π·Π°ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄- Π΄Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΌ Π±Π°ΡΡΠΊΡΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠ² Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ
The efficiency of using the substrate technological module in the technology of growing potato mini-tubers
Known technologies and methods for obtaining virus-free potato mini-tubers of a required size fraction do not fully provide the highest multiplication factor, which occurs due to the insufficient productivity of an individual potato plant. On the basis of long-term experimental data (2012β¦2022), an assessment of the effectiveness of methods for growing potato mini-tubers in open and protected ground conditions is given. According to the number of tubers harvested from one plant, all growing methods can be divided into two large groups:Β traditional (3-12 potatoes per plant) and modified (more than 40 potatoes per plant). A highly efficient method has been developed for obtaining mini-tubers of potatoes harvested as they grow on soil substrates with an average annual productivity of at least 50 mini-tubers from one micro-tuber and 40 mini-tubers from one virus-free plant (with traditional substrate methods β from 3 to 10 mini-tubers). Based on this method, there has been created a substrate technological module of a new generation harvesting tubers as they grow which makes it possible to obtain an average of 40 to 55 mini-tubers from one virus-free plant over the years, that is almost 10 times more in comparison with traditional methods of growing with a single harvest at the end of vegetation. Harvesting mini-tubers as they grow up to a required size creates the possibility of obtaining tubers of one size fraction (10-25 g), which allows later, when laying the nursery of the first field reproduction, to apply mechanized planting in the field and obtain uniform seedlings
Π’Π΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°-ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΊΠ°
The paper shows that upgrading the design of onion harvesting machines through the integration of diverse separation intensiο¬ers demonstrates limited eο¬cacy in improving the quality of cleaning commercial produce. They noted the need to comply with strict technological parameters for setting up separating systems (feeding bulbs to a straight section of the pin web surface in the absence of losses, reducing the maximum speed of collision of the bulbs with the working elements of the cleaning unit to reduce damage, as well as improving the completeness of cleaning). The study reveals that one of the options for intensifying the process of onion set cleaning from soil and soil clods can be ultrasonic-assisted heap moistening during separation. (Research purpose) The research aims to determine theoretical principles driving the intensiο¬cation of onion set cleaning from mechanical impurities. (Materials and methods) The research employed system analysis and synthesis methods, physical modeling based on probability theory andΒ mathematical statistics, numerical techniques for solving analytical dependencies, classical mechanics methods - fundamental principles of fracture theory, soil mechanics. (Results and discussion) The paper justiο¬es the necessary optimum regime for intensifying onion set harvesting and cleansing them from mechanical impurities. It substantiates the functional diagram of a digging-type onion harvester featuring an ultrasonic cleaning module, taking into account the functions of the state, external and control actions, as well as performance indicators. (Conclusions) The research resulted in developing a design concept for an ultrasonic-equipped separating module of a harvester to improve the onion set cleaning process. This design conforms to the agrotechnical requirements, ensuring maximum soil and impurity sieving (at least 98 percent), minimizing losses (not exceeding 2 percent) and bulb damage (not exceeding 2 percent).ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ (ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ , ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°-ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. (Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ) ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°-ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. (ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π°, ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ β ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ². (Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°-ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊΠ° Π²ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ, Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ. (ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΡΠΊΠ°-ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΊΠ°, ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π°Π³ΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ 98 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ (Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 2 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²) ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ (Π½Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 2 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ²)
ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π°
It was noted that increased soil moisture worsens the quality of harvesting root crops due to a decrease in the completeness of separation. To increase the separating capacity of a slotted cleaner for root crops, it was proposed to improve the heating of the separating surface with hot exhaust gas. (Research purpose) To optimize the design and technological parameters of an exhaust gas heat separation system of the sugar beet harvester power plant. (Materials and methods) Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM developed an exhaust gas heat separation system for harvesting root crops and potatoes in high moisture conditions using the heat of the harvester power plant exhaust gases. The cleaning quality of the separating system of a self-propelled sugar beet harvester was determined under the gradual engine load from 0 to 100 percent of the nominal rated power. The temperature of the exhaust gases was measured with the assumption of changes in the engine load and its effective power. (Results and discussion) The experiment revealed an increase in the completeness of the separation of a root crops heap from 96.0 to 98.8 percent at 26-32 percent soil moisture due to the separation system in the form of a cleaning star, which uses the heat of the engine exhaust gases. The established optimal values of the factors under consideration are as follows: the separating star rotation rate is 21.8 revolutions per minute, the distance between the separating star and the deflector is 128.4 millimeters. (Conclusions) It was determined that the high quality of the technological process of root crops harvesting in high soil moisture conditions ensuring a 97-percent separation efficiency is possible if optimize the separating device design and technological parameters and maintain the separating star rotation rate at 20-22 revolutions per minute and the distance between the separating star and the deflector within 120-140 millimeters. The authors noted the prospects of developing this system and the need for theoretical and experimental studies to improve the design and technological process of the harvester separating system.ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ·-Π·Π° ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π§ΡΠΎΠ±Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ. (Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ) ΠΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ»Ρ. (ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ) Π Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±Π°ΠΉΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΡ 0 Π΄ΠΎ 100 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. (Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) ΠΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΡ
Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ 96,0 Π΄ΠΎ 98,8 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ 26-32-ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Ρ, Π³Π΄Π΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Ρ 21,8 ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ β 128,4 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. (ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ) ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 97 ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°: ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄Ρ 20-22 ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π·Π²Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ 120-140 ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½
Growth of Inclined GaAs Nanowires by Molecular Beam Epitaxy: Theory and Experiment
The growth of inclined GaAs nanowires (NWs) during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on the rotating substrates is studied. The growth model provides explicitly the NW length as a function of radius, supersaturations, diffusion lengths and the tilt angle. Growth experiments are carried out on the GaAs(211)A and GaAs(111)B substrates. It is found that 20Β° inclined NWs are two times longer in average, which is explained by a larger impingement rate on their sidewalls. We find that the effective diffusion length at 550Β°C amounts to 12 nm for the surface adatoms and is more than 5,000 nm for the sidewall adatoms. Supersaturations of surface and sidewall adatoms are also estimated. The obtained results show the importance of sidewall adatoms in the MBE growth of NWs, neglected in a number of earlier studies
Model for large-area monolayer coverage of polystyrene nanospheres by spin coating
Nanosphere lithography, an inexpensive and high throughput technique capable of producing nanostructure (below 100βnm feature size) arrays, relies on the formation of a monolayer of self-assembled nanospheres, followed by custom-etching to produce nanometre size features on large-area substrates. A theoretical model underpinning the self-ordering process by centrifugation is proposed to describe the interplay between the spin speed and solution concentration. The model describes the deposition of a dense and uniform monolayer by the implicit contribution of gravity, centrifugal force and surface tension, which can be accounted for using only the spin speed and the solid/liquid volume ratio. We demonstrate that the spin recipe for the monolayer formation can be represented as a pathway on a 2D phase plane. The model accounts for the ratio of polystyrene nanospheres (300βnm), water, methanol and surfactant in the solution, crucial for large area uniform and periodic monolayer deposition. The monolayer is exploited to create arrays of nanoscale features using βshortβ or βextendedβ reactive ion etching to produce 30β60βnm (diameter) nanodots or 100β200βnm (diameter) nanoholes over the entire substrate, respectively. The nanostructures were subsequently utilized to create master stamps for nanoimprint lithography
Length distributions of Au-catalyzed and In-catalyzed InAs nanowires
We present experimental data on the length distributions of InAs nanowires grown by chemical beam epitaxy with Au catalyst nanoparticles obtained by thermal dewetting of Au film, Au colloidal nanoparticles and In droplets. Poissonian length distributions are observed in the first case. Au colloidal nanoparticles produce broader and asymmetric length distributions of InAs nanowires. However, the distributions can be strongly narrowed by removing the high temperature annealing step. The length distributions for the In-catalyzed growth are instead very broad. We develop a generic model that is capable of describing the observed behaviors by accounting for both the incubation time for nanowire growth and secondary nucleation of In droplets. These results allow us to formulate some general recipes for obtaining more uniform length distributions of III-V nanowires
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