345 research outputs found
Competition between different order parameters in a quasi-one-dimensional superconductor
We show that, under rather general assumptions, the phase diagram of a
quasi-one-dimensional repulsive Fermi system consists of two ordered phases:
the density wave, spin or charge, and the superconductivity. It is demonstrated
that the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter is a non-universal
property sensitive to microscopic details of the model. Three potentially
stable superconducting states are identified: they are triplet -wave,
singlet -wave, and -wave. Presence of multiple competing
superconducting states implies that for a real material this symmetry is
difficult to predict theoretically and hard to probe experimentally, since
artifacts of theoretical approximations or variations in experimental
conditions could tip the balance between the superconducting phases.Comment: 6 pages, 1 eps figur
Superconductivity without attraction in a quasi-one-dimensional metal
An array of one-dimensional conductors coupled by transverse hopping and
interaction is studied with the help of a variational wave function. This wave
function is devised as to account for one-dimensional correlation effects. We
show that under broad conditions our system possesses the superconducting
ground state even if no attraction is present. The superconducting mechanism is
of many-body nature and deviates substantially from BCS. The phase diagram of
the model is mapped. It consists of two ordered phases competing against each
other: density wave, spin or charge, and unconventional superconductivity.
These phases are separated by the first order transition. The symmetry of the
superconducting order parameter is a non-universal property. It depends on
particulars of the Hamiltonian. Within the framework of our model possible
choices are the triplet -wave and the singlet -wave. Organic
quasi-one-dimensional superconductors have similar phase diagram.Comment: 12 pages, 2 Encapsulated PostScript figures, revtex4; the model's
Hamiltonian is revised as compared to previous version, this revision affects
prediction of the order parameter symmetr
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ N-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ 2-ΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4,6-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²
A convenient and efficient method for the synthesis of new unsaturated spiro-annulated N-aryl-4,6-dioxopyrimidine-2-thione derivatives has been developed. The resulting compounds can be potential biological active molecules or precursors for further chemical modification.Aim. To develop the methods for the synthesis of new unsaturated spiro-annulated 2-thiopyrimidine-4,6-dione derivatives, which can be used as potentially biological active molecules or precursors for their formation.Results and discussion. By condensation of N-aryl-substituted thioureas and allylmalonic acid using acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride the series of 5-allyl-substituted 2-thiopyrimidinediones has been synthesized. Their further alkylation with allyl bromide or metallyl chloride led to formation of 5,5-dialkenyl derivatives, which were converted to the corresponding unsaturated spirocyclic dioxopyrimidine-2-thiones by ring-closing metathesis.Β Experimental part. The synthesis of the starting compounds and title products was performed by preparative chemical methods, TLC and column chromatography, elemental analysis, NMR-spectroscopy.Conclusions. The efficient three-step synthetic route of new unsaturated spiro-annulated N-aryl-4,6-dioxopyrimidine-2-thione derivatives from the starting N-arylsubstituted thioureas and allylmalonic acid has been developed. The spiro-annulated products obtained can find application in biological and pharmaceutical science or as starting substrates for further chemical modification.Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎ-Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
N-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
2-ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4,6-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎ-Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
2-ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4,6-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ N-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ 5-Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
2-ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 5,5-Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ° Ρ Π·Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-2-ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ.Β Β ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ; ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π―ΠΠ .ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎ-Π°Π½Π½Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
N-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-4,6-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-2-ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ.Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π·ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎ-Π°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
N-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
2-ΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4,6-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ β ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎ-Π°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
2-ΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-4,6-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π°Π±ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡN-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ° Π°Π»ΡΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π°Π±ΠΎ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ 5-Π°Π»ΡΠ»Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
2-ΡΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΡ
Π°Π»ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π»ΡΠ»Π±ΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π±ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ»Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΎ 5,5-Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΠΊΠ΅Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ· Π·Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-2-ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ.ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡ; ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π·Π΄ΡΠΉΡΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, Π―ΠΠ -ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡΡ.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ° Π°Π»ΡΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎ-Π°Π½Π΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
N-Π°ΡΠΈΠ»-4,6-Π΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½-2-ΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ. ΠΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π² Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΡ, Π°Π±ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΊ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ
Quantitative comparison of planar coded aperture imaging reconstruction methods
Imaging distributions of radioactive sources plays a substantial role in nuclear medicine as well as in monitoring nuclear waste and its deposit. Coded Aperture Imaging (CAI) has been proposed as an alternative to parallel or pinhole collimators, but requires image reconstruction as an extra step. Multiple reconstruction methods with varying run time and computational complexity have been proposed. Yet, no quantitative comparison between the different reconstruction methods has been carried out so far. This paper focuses on a comparison based on three sets of hot-rod phantom images captured with an experimental Ξ³-camera consisting of a Tungsten-based MURA mask with a 2 mm thick 256 Γ 256 pixelated CdTe semiconductor detector coupled to a TimepixΒ© readout circuit. Analytical reconstruction methods, MURA Decoding, Wiener Filter and a convolutional Maximum Likelihood Expectation Maximization (MLEM) algorithm were compared to data-driven Convolutional Encoder-Decoder (CED) approaches. The comparison is based on the contrast-to-noise ratio as it has been previously used to assess reconstruction quality. For the given set-up, MURA Decoding, the most commonly used CAI reconstruction method, provides robust reconstructions despite the assumption of a linear model. For single image reconstruction, however, MLEM performed best of all analytical reconstruction methods, but took on average 45 times longer than MURA Decoding. The fastest reconstruction method is the Wiener Filter with a run time 4.3 times faster compared to MURA Decoding and a mediocre quality. The CED with a specifically tailored training set was able to succeed the most commonly used MURA decoding on average by a factor between 1.37 and 2.60 and an equal run time
Feasibility of a Small, Rapid Optical-to-IR Response, Next Generation Gamma Ray Burst Mission
We present motivations for and study feasibility of a small, rapid optical to
IR response gamma ray burst (GRB) space observatory. By analyzing existing GRB
data, we give realistic detection rates for X-ray and optical/IR instruments of
modest size under actual flight conditions. Given new capabilities of fast
optical/IR response (about 1 s to target) and simultaneous multi-band imaging,
such an observatory can have a reasonable event rate, likely leading to new
science. Requiring a Swift-like orbit, duty cycle, and observing constraints, a
Swift-BAT scaled down to 190 square cm of detector area would still detect and
locate about 27 GRB per yr. for a trigger threshold of 6.5 sigma. About 23
percent of X-ray located GRB would be detected optically for a 10 cm diameter
instrument (about 6 per yr. for the 6.5 sigma X-ray trigger).Comment: Elaborated text version of a poster presented at 2012 Malaga/Marbella
symposiu
Study Of Mass Losses Of Cauliflower At Storage Depending On A Packing Way
Tissues of fresh vegetables are characterized by the high quantity of moisture (80β¦96 %), active metabolism, low resistance to mechanical lesions, are spoiled fast. Metabolism in cells of tissues, so mass losses, depends on the content of water and dry substances.It is impossible to manage abiotic factors under conditions of open soil. So, there appears a necessity to study the influence of abiotic factors on the process of mass decrease at cauliflower storage that gives a possibility to prognosticate its mass losses and aptitude to storage.The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of weather conditions of the vegetation period of cauliflower, volume, specific mass and porosity of heads and packing methods on the intensity of natural mass losses of cauliflower at storage. The research gives a possibility to decrease natural losses of cauliflower heads and to prolong the storage duration of it. Cauliflower mass losses at the expanse of water evaporation depend on weather conditions of the vegetation period of the plant. It has been established, that there is a middle force reverse connection with the coefficient correlation r=β0,465 between the intensity of water evaporation at cauliflower heads storage and GTC, middle force connection with the coefficient correlation r=0,437 β with the average day temperature, and strong reverse connection r=β0,776 with the relative air humidity. There was elaborated the regression equation that gives an understanding about mass losses of cauliflower heads, packed in PF, at the expanse of water evaporation.The intensity of water evaporation of cauliflower at storage depends on package method. At packing in a stretch-film (SF), the intensity of moisture decrease, % a day, was the least, equal to 0,30β0,31. The ratio between moisture losses to ones of dry substances was 0,45β0,68. At packing in a performed stretch-film (PSF), the intensity of moisture decrease, % a day, was higher a little β 0,37β0,43.The more storage duration of cauliflower of late ripeness was provided by individual packing of heads in a polyethylene stretch-film. This packing type provided less total natural losses of products: in Skywoker F1β 6,0 %, in Kasper F1 and Santamaria F1 β 6,3 %. Natural losses for a day in variants with using a stretch-film were within 0,05β0,06 % depending on hybrid
Kinky Behavior in Josephson Junctions
We analyze nonperturbatively the behavior of a Josephson junction in which
two BCS superconductors are coupled through an Anderson impurity. We recover
earlier perturbative results which found that a phase difference
is preferred when the impurity is singly occupied and the on-site Coulomb
interaction is large. We find a novel intermediate phase in which one of
and is stable while the other is metastable, with the
energy having a kink somewhere in between. As a consequence of the
kink, the characteristics of the junction are modified at low voltages.Comment: 7 pages, 7 encapsulated PostScript figures; figure 3 correcte
ΠΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅
The method of vector analysis of variance of vector random processes was used for the description of annual and tidal variability of sea currents in the Pechora Sea.There are the cases for description of temporal and spatial variability of sea currents.ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π΅
The use of an antibacterial implant in the treatment of periprosthetic infection in an HIV-positive patient
Background: The frequency of occurrence of infectious complications after hip arthroplasty in HIV-infected patients is extremely high. Revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic infection is the leader (64%) among the causes of early revision interventions. The search for ways to increase the efficiency of the sanitizing stage of treatment due to antibacterial coatings of the endoprosthesis components continues.Objective: Demonstration of a clinical case of treatment of periprosthetic infection in an HIV-positive patient using a spacer and a femoral component of a hip joint endoprosthesis coated with linear Sp1 carbon chains and silver. 123 months after hip arthroplasty for stage 3 dysplastic coxarthrosis in HIV-positive patient of 42 years old developed an instability of the acetabular component with the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in punctates. A revision was performed with the removal of the endoprosthesis and the installation of an articulating spacer with the addition of antibiotics. 12 weeks later, a recurrence of periprosthetic infection occurred, and Enterococcus faecalis was detected in punctates. During re-endoprosthetics, there was an installation of an articulating spacer covered with a two-dimensionally ordered linear-chain carbon doped with silver, based on the Zimmer CPT femoral component and bone cement with antibiotics addition. After 3 months, the second stage of revision arthroplasty was performed with implantation of an individual acetabular component and a femoral component coated with two-dimensionally ordered linear-chain carbon doped with silver.Conclusion: 4 months after the operation the patient returned to work, 12 months later the functional results were satisfactory. The use of components coated with two-dimensionally ordered linear-chain carbon doped with silver in an HIV-positive patient with recurrent periprosthetic infection made it possible to stop the infectious process, improve limb function and the quality of life
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