Ion irradiation-induced decomposition of Al + 4 wt. % Cu supersaturated solid solution

The decomposition process of the model precipitation-hardening Al + 4 wt. % Cu supersaturated solid solution induced by Ar+ ions irradiation. Using X-ray diffraction, high- resolution electron microscopy methods and microhardness measurements, it was established, that, already at low temperatures (T < 60 °C), ion irradiation causes accelerated decomposition of solid solution, with precipitation of 9' and 9-phase particles at a depth greatly exceeding the Ar+ ions projected range.This work was performed in the framework of the State Task, no. 0389-2414-0002, supported in part by RFBR (project No. 15-08-06744-A). We thank E. Wieser for the idea and participation in discussing the results

Culture restrictions as a trigger to the society development : history and modernity

Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to analyze cultural restrictions, taboos and bans inherent in society at any stage of its existence and their role in spiritual and intellectual transformations. Design/Methodology/Approach: For the purpose of investigating and classifying numerous cultural alternations which acted as a trigger to spiritual and intellectual transformations challenging a nation's cognitive potential it seems necessary to fulfill three conditions described in the text. Findings: The authors emphasized the fact that culture consists of several layers: spiritual, intellectual and technical. With the degradation of any of these layers culture suffers. The authors formulated the idea that such restrictions occuring in the society as censorship, for example, are likely to be relevant as long as the society itself exists and more over they present a rather stable element of a society. Practical Implications: The results may be implemented into sociocultural practices for better understanding of some main laws and cornerstones forming cultural foundations. Originality/Value: The main contribution of this study lies in the emphasis of the role of culture, especially its spiritual layer represented by religion, morale, philosophy, literature, art, history, in quite natural and unavoidable technological development and progresses.peer-reviewe

Dark-Colored Forest Bee Apis mellifera in Siberia, Russia: Current State and Conservation of Populations

A comprehensive research of two dark-colored forest bee populations in Siberia, identified during a screening study, was conducted using morphometric and molecular genetic methods. The first population is an isolated Yenisei population located in the taiga zone in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, on which bees have not been imported for a long time (50–60 years). The second population is located in the northern areas of the Tomsk region, where beekeeping is more developed. All studied bees had a variant PQQ of the COI–COII mtDNA locus. However, some morphometric parameters of some bee colonies deviated from the Apis mellifera mellifera standard, which is probably due to the features of population formation. As a result of the analysis of the variability of 18 microsatellite loci, possible potential DNA markers specific for determining the bee subspecies and/or ecotypes of the dark-colored forest bee have been identified. An algorithm for the search and a comprehensive study of the dark-colored forest bee are proposed

Effect of ion irradiation on low-cycle fatigue of pressed profiles of the V95 alloy after artificial aging

The effect of 20-40-keV Ar+ ion irradiation on the fatigue resistance of hot-pressed V95 alloy (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) profiles 6 mm thick after quenching and artificial aging (140°, 16 h) has been investigated. The use of the irradiation conditions (E = 40 keV, j = 500 μA/cm2), under which the profiles were briefly heated to a temperature of 200°C, is found to reduce the strength properties of the alloy significantly, which does not meet the specified requirements. Irradiation conditions, which enable one to avoid significant heating of a target at E = 20 keV and j = 400 μA/cm2, do not affect the fatigue resistance significantly at all fluences of F = 1•1015, 1•1016, 1•1017 cm-2. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: № 19-08-00802-а, 19-08-00802-а.This work was supported in part by RFBR grant № 19-08-00802-а

Mycoviruses are common among different species of endophytic fungi of grasses

8 páginas, 1 tabla, 1 figuraA survey of mycoviruses was made in a collection of 103 isolates belonging to 53 different species of endophytic fungi of grasses. DsRNA elements were detected in isolates of 12 of the species analyzed. The banding characteristics and sizes of some of the dsRNA elements suggest that they might belong to previously described mycovirus families. The observed incidence (22.6%) indicates that the presence of mycoviruses could be common among species of this group of ubiquitous fungi.This research was financed by project AGL2005-02839 granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education. We thank Drs. Robert Coutts and Beatríz R. Vázquez de Aldana for reviewing the manuscript.Peer reviewe

Effect of powerful pulsed and continuous ion beams on the Al-Cu-Mg alloy structure

The paper considers the results of an electron microscopy study of the VD1 alloy of the Al-Cu-Mg system after cold working and subsequent irradiation with a powerful pulsed ion beam (70% C[+] + 30% H[+], Е=180 keV) in the pulsed-periodic mode ([tau] = 80 ns, f = 0.1 Hz, j = 200 A/cm{2}, F = 1·10{14} cm{-2}) and under the conditions of the generation of only one pulse ([tau] = 180 ns, j = 100 A/cm{2}, F = 2·10{15} cm{-2}). It is established that this irradiation noticeably affects the microstructure of the cold-worked 3 mm thick sheets of VD1 alloy. The initial cellular dislocation structure transforms into a subgrain one. The intensity of structural transformations in the alloy increases with ion current density of a pulse. A similar transformation of a dislocation structure over the entire thickness of the sample is observed under irradiation with continuous Ar{+} ion beams (Е = 20-40 keV) with not high fluences (10{15}-10{16} cm{-2})

The effect of ion irradiation (Ar+, e = 10 keV) on the nanocrystalline structure and the aging of the Al-Li-Cu-Zn-Mg-Zr-Sc alloy after megaplastic deformation

The effect of Ar+ ion irradiation on structural and phase transformations in a 1461 alloy (Al-Li-Cu-Mg) subjected to megaplastic deformationhas has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. Short-term irradiation (E = 10 keV, F = 2 × 1016 cm-2) has been established to form a low-energy recrystallized submicrocrystalline structure at a depth (∼200 μm), significantly exceeding the projective ion ranges (∼10 nm). The study confirms the important role of the radiation-dynamic effect during the ion irradiation of metastable media. The structural and phase transformations take place in the alloy at a depth of much higher than the projective ion ranges and at a higher rate compared with traditional thermal annealing. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 18-08-00942-AThis work was supported in part by RFBR grant № 18-08-00942-A