Household level assessment, participatory learning for rural water safety and security planning

Household water safety & security planning approaches as outlined in national rural drinking water programme guidelines were piloted using participatory methodologies in one block of West Bengal State in India. The assessment of water quality was done by collecting water samples from existing drinking water sources including from point of use and were analyzed for critical water quality parameters. The household survey was done through purposive random sampling method (10,094 households) in the study area. The result of the study indicates that the present water supply in the block is inadequate vis-a-vis the perceived demand of the consumer. More than two-thirds of the water sources are unsafe on one or multiple accounts. Very low level water safety awareness and poor hygienic practices are the realities. The study attempted to correlate the poor sanitation, water quality both at source and user end with disease burden

A Fragment of the LG3 Peptide of Endorepellin Is Present in the Urine of Physically Active Mining Workers: A Potential Marker of Physical Activity

Biomarker analysis has been implemented in sports research in an attempt to monitor the effects of exertion and fatigue in athletes. This study proposed that while such biomarkers may be useful for monitoring injury risk in workers, proteomic approaches might also be utilised to identify novel exertion or injury markers. We found that urinary urea and cortisol levels were significantly elevated in mining workers following a 12 hour overnight shift. These levels failed to return to baseline over 24 h in the more active maintenance crew compared to truck drivers (operators) suggesting a lack of recovery between shifts. Use of a SELDI-TOF MS approach to detect novel exertion or injury markers revealed a spectral feature which was associated with workers in both work categories who were engaged in higher levels of physical activity. This feature was identified as the LG3 peptide, a C-terminal fragment of the anti-angiogenic/anti-tumourigenic protein endorepellin. This finding suggests that urinary LG3 peptide may be a biomarker of physical activity. It is also possible that the activity mediated release of LG3/endorepellin into the circulation may represent a biological mechanism for the known inverse association between physical activity and cancer risk/survival

The rank reversal problem in multi-criteria decision making : a literature review

Despite the importance of multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques for constructing effective decision models, there are many criticisms due to the occurrence of a problem called rank reversal. Nevertheless, there is a lack of a systematic literature review on this important subject which involves different methods. This study reviews the pertinent literature on rank reversal, based on 130 related articles published from 1980 to 2015 in international journals, which were gathered and analyzed according to the following perspectives: multicriteria technique, year and journal in which the papers were published, co-authorship network, rank reversal types, and research goal. Thus our survey provides recommendations for future research, besides useful information and knowledge regarding rank reversal in the MCDM field

Biochemically differentiated mouse glial lines carrying a nervous system specific cell surface antigen (NS-1).

Six biochemically differentiated clonal lines have been established from a transplantable glioma (tg26) of the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain. Antibodies have been previously raised against G26 tumor cells, which define a cell surface component(s), NS-1 (nervous system antigen-1), found exclusively in the nervous system. NS-1 concentrations approximate the levels of the original G26 tumor when the clonal lines are grown as clonal tumors in vivo, but are reduced when the cells are grown in vitro. NS-1 concentrations are further reduced in vitro upon incubation of the cells with 1 mM dibutyryl 3:5-cyclic AMP. H-2 histocompatibility antigen concentration, in contrast, is unaffected by dibutyryl cAMP. In addition to expressing NS-1, the neuroectodermal origin of these cell lines is further confirmed by their synthesis of the nervous system specific acidic protein S-100 and by the high specific activity of the enzyme 2:3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphohydrolase. In addition, they respond to catecholamines by the elevation of intracellular 3:5-cyclic AMP levels. Whereas expression of S-100 protein is high under in vitro conditions but negligible after one passage in vivo, 2:3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphohydrolase is not detectable in vitro but becomes detectable again in vivo. The two membrane-bound constituents, NS-1 and 2:3-cyclic nucleotide 3-phosphohydrolase, therefore seem to be subjected to different regulatory mechanisms from that of the soluble, intracellular S-100 protein

Analysis of a Double Shear Lap Joint with Interference Fit Pin

This paper presents the study of stress distribution in a double-shear lap joint with interference fit pin subjected to inplane plate loads using FELJNT, a finite element software developed for this special purpose. FELJNT accounts for the effects of damping and flexure of the bolt without having to adopt a laborious three-dimensional analysis. It carries out stress analysis in an axisymmetric region around the pin under non-axisymmetric loading. It uses an iterative method of contact stress analysis and a dummy element concept with frontal solver for finite element solution. This paper discusses the load for initiation of separation, through-the-thickness stress distribution, and qualitatively the beneficial effects of interference on fatigue life of the joint. The paper concludes with comparison of FELJNT results with those of JACKAL, a three-dimensional finite element analysis software for joints

Immunohistochemical analysis of unsutured and sutured corneal wound healing

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