A Balance of Interests: the Concordance of Copyright Law and Moral Rights in the Worldwide Economy

LECTURE IN INTERNAL MEDICINE PROPAEDEUTIC

Free amino acids of the blood and some organs in hypokinesia

The metabolic fund of amino acids of the blood and tissues of rats under hypokinesia was investigated. The content of free amino acids was determined for the liver, kidney, brain, and the skeletal and cardiac muscles after established periods of hypokinesia. It was found that the total content of free amino acids in the experimental animals was, on the average 19 percent lower than in the controls. The results of the quantity of individual compounds indicate that the level of some were reduced while others were increased. It was also found that there was an unequal content of individual amino acids in the different tissues

Использование спутников для дистанционного зондирования Земли: правовые проблемы и перспективы

The subject of the study incorporates the problems and prospects of remote sensing of the Earth, an analysis of the effectiveness of the international legal framework in this area is given in the article.General and special methods of legal analysis were used.The main results of the research include the proof that from a technical point of view, the definition and concept of remote sensing do not cause disagreement among professionals, but it was not possible to achieve consensus on the international legal status of remote sensing. It is not in the main sources of international space law. The Principles of Remote Sensing of 1986 are imperfect and outdated in many respects, although they remain the only universal international document regulating remote sensing, and have not been challenged for more than 30 years. A balance has been established between the interests of states on the main controversial issues, such as the relationship between freedom of space monitoring, state sovereignty and access to remote sensing data.The results are practically significant, as they can serve as the basis for new normative legal acts at the international level, in the long term it is important to further expand cooperation in the field of remote sensing within the UN and other international organizations, conclude regional and bilateral agreements and develop national legislation.The conclusion of the study is that the formation of the legal framework for remote sensing occurs by integrating the norms of "soft laws" into national laws, fixing them in international treaties and, as a consequence, the emergence of norms of customary law and norms of international law.Рассматриваются правовые проблемы и перспективы дистанционного зондирования Земли, дается анализ эффективности международно-правовой базы в этой области. Использовались общие и специальные методы правового анализа. Основные результаты работы заключаются в доказательстве того, что с технической точки зрения определение и концепция дистанционного зондирования не вызывают разногласий среди профессионалов, но достичь единства по международно-правовому статусу дистанционного зондирования не удалось: его нет в основных источниках международного космического права, а Принципы дистанционного зондирования 1986 г. во многих отношениях несовершенны и устарели, хотя и остаются единственным универсальным международным документом, регулирующим дистанционное зондирование, и не оспаривались более 30 лет. Установлен баланс интересов государств по основным спорным вопросам, таким как взаимосвязь между свободой космического мониторинга, государственным суверенитетом и доступом к данным дистанционного зондирования. Результаты практически значимы, так как могут служить основой новых нормативно-правовых актов международного уровня, в долгосрочной перспективе важно и дальше расширять сотрудничество в области дистанционного зондирования в рамках ООН и других международных организаций, заключать региональные и двусторонние соглашения и развивать национальное законодательство. Выводом исследования является положение, что формирование правовой базы дистанционного зондирования происходит путем интеграции норм «мягкого права» в национальные законы, закрепления их в международных договорах и, как следствие, появления норм обычного права и нормы международного права

Wind regime peculiarities in the lower thermosphere in the winter of 1983/84

Temporal variations of prevailing winds at 90 to 100 km obtained from measurements carried out in winter 1983 to 1984 at three sites in the USSR and two sites in East Germany are reported. These variations are compared with those of the thermal stratospheric regime. Measurements were carried out using the drifts D2 method (meteor wind radar) and the D1 method (ionospheric drifts). Temporal variations of zonal and meridional prevailing wind components for all the sites are given. Also presented are zonal wind data obtained using the partial reflection wind radar. Wind velocity values were obtained by averaging data recorded at between 105 and 91 km altitude. Wind velocity data averaged in such a way can be related to about the same height interval to which the data obtained by the meteor radar and ionospheric methods at other sites, i.e., the mean height of the meteor zone (about 95 km). The results presented show that there are significant fluctuations about the seasonal course of both zonal and meridional prevailing winds

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons: Is There a Better Alternative?

INTRODUCTION. Te Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) which came into force in January 2021 divided the international society into two groups: its ardent supporters and opponents. Te vast majority of the parties to the Treaty are the states which have neither nuclear potential, nor political influence in the international nuclear agenda. In contrast, all the nuclear-weapon powers and almost all states with nuclear infrastructures refused to participate in the TPNW. Te Treaty contains an array of legal flaws, does not require any verifcation mechanism or even time-frame for nuclear weapons destruction.MATERIALS AND METHODS. Te study is based on the international treaties in the sphere of nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, resolutions of international organizations, ofcial statements, and joint documents of the heads of states and of the fve nuclear-weapon states (P5). Materials used for the analysis include scholar works of Russian and foreign researches in the international security law and nuclear law. Te research is based on general methods of study such as systematic approach, induction and deduction, logical forecasting, and specifc methods including historical and legal comparative methods.RESEARCH RESULTS. Te article starts with the history of international efforts of nuclear weapons prohibition and approaches of leading powers. Specifc legal drawbacks inherent in the TPNW were exposed which proves that the Treaty is in fact a legally inconsistent document. At the same time antinuclear attitudes behind the Treaty should be understood and taken into consideration. Tere is a strong need for a constructive alternative to the TPNW.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. By comparing the various states’ approaches and legal opinions, the authors come up with a “Road Map” of actions which could become a real counterweight to the hasty and ill-considered decisions to prohibit nuclear weapons. Among those actions is the movement along two parallel tracks. Te frst one is Russian-American talks on further nuclear arms reductions which should include all strategic factors. Te second one is a gradual involvement in the process of other nuclearweapon powers through informal mechanism of consultations of the P5. Te article prescribes how to fll this mechanism with measures of transparency, confdence building and predictability

The choice of antimicrobial therapy among physicians in the treatment of gestational pyelonephritis

From 1 to 10% of the physiological pregnancy complicated by acute pyelonephritis. The purpose work- analyze the choice of antimicrobial therapy among physicians in the treatment of gestational pyelonephritis. Materials and methods-analysis of the anonymous survey in the framework of the second stage of the All-Russian pharmacoepidemiological study, "Epidemiology of the use of drugs in pregnant women", which was conducted from February to April 2015. On the basis of this was carried out to compare the results with the results of the survey of doctors of the Belgorod regio

Principles and Criteria of Phytocenotic Diversity Conservation (Through the Example of European Countries and Russia)

The article presents the review of currently existing views on the problem of phytocoenotic diversity protection in European countries and Russia. The principles and criteria for the identification of rare plant communities in need of protection, used by scientists from different countries are described. The authors had defined already published works of a monographic nature and projects, containing the information on the phytocenotic diversity of Europe in need of protection, and Green Books, published in the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the determination process of plant communities. It is noted that nowadays there is no single concept for the creation of Green Books. The phytocenosis protection inventories created in European countries that have a legislative basis, the Russian Green Books include vegetation monitoring data and have no legal basis

Respiratory Failure & Cor Pulmonale

LECTURE IN INTERNAL MEDICINE FOR IV COURSE STUDENT

The Physical Examination of infants and children

ОСМОТР ДЕТЕЙОСМОТР НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХПЕДИАТРИЯПРОПЕДЕВТИКА ДЕТСКИХ БОЛЕЗНЕЙПособие для иностранных студентов знакомит с методикой проведения осмотра новорожденных и детей