The Substantiation of Logistic Map Development for Freight Transport Purposes as Instrument of Geographic Research

Досліджено місце та важливість вантажних автомобільних перевезень в Україні. Описана роль картографічного забезпечення в процесі логістичного управління перевезень та роль його для країнознавчого дослідження регіонів. Проведений детальний аналіз об’єкта картографування. Обрані та прокласифіковані найбільш інформативні й доцільні показники картографування. Описана методика розробки карти. Обгрунтований вибір способів картографічного зображення та використаних засобів зображення.The place and importance of road transport in Ukraine are explored. The role of cartographic providing of process of logistics management and its role for regions geographic research are described. The detailed analysis of the object mapping is carried out. Most informative and appropriate indicators of mapping are selected and classificated. The methods of map development are described. The choice of methods used and cartographic representation of the object are proved

APPLICATION OF ISOTHERMAL CALORIMETRY TO MONITOR MICROBIAL GROWTH AND METABOLISM IN SOILS AND FRESH FOOD PRODUCTS

This PhD research project aims to verify the use of Isothermal Calorimetry (IC) as a valid technique to assess the microbial growth in different environments, in either liquid or solid state. In liquid stirred cultures every bacterium grows essentially in the same environmental conditions, and this simplifies significantly the study and characterization of the growth processes, while bacterial growth in solid media is much more difficult to study. Isothermal calorimetry (IC) represents a powerful method to directly monitor the biological activity of such living systems since it provides direct quantitative information about the relevant energetics and kinetics. In the first part of the research, we focused our attention on the study of two microorganisms involved in the oxidation/reduction of arsenic which is a ubiquitous contaminant related to natural weathering and industrial or agricultural activities and strongly affects the quality of cultivable soils used for the production of edible crops. In this part of the study, calorimetric measurements are proven to be suitable to evaluate the toxic effect of arsenic on the growth of two microbial strains (Achromobacter sp. and As5-13 Bacillus sp. 3.2) isolated from soil and groundwater. The toxicity and mobility of this element depend on chemical speciation and its oxidation state, and are specific for each microorganism, for instance inorganic arsenite As(III) is more toxic and mobile than arsenate As(V). Microorganisms can directly affect the redox balance As(V)/As(III) shifting it toward the species that can be more easily processed and/or absorbed by scavenger plants. IC was applied in the first step to assess the effects of arsenic on the growth, metabolism and the As(V)/As(III) redox capability of Achromobacter sp. As5-13 strain, a well characterized microorganism isolated from an agricultural soil. Other parallel measurements were performed with conventional methods, such as turbidity or microbial count, and standard chemical analysis to determine the arsenic concentration. In the second step IC and classical microbiological methods were applied to evaluate the influence of As(V) and As(III) on the growth and metabolism of Bacillus sp. 3.2 (isolated from groundwater) in different culture medium, namely, Tris Mineral Medium with Gluconate (TMMG) with the addition of yeast extract, and Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB). The IC thermo-grams in combination with the microbiological counts and the chemical analysis data on the arsenic oxidation status during the microbial activity, permitted to discriminate the influence of arsenic on the energetic aspects of the microbial metabolism in conditions that mimic different kind of cultivable soils. Regarding the second part of the research, we started exploring bacterial growth in solid state media choosing two different foods matrixes: carrots and corn salad. In the first step we used IC to investigate the effect of different cuts on carrots (cylinders, sticks and juliennes) in order to monitor the kinetics of microbial growth and to simplify this research we selected juice carrot and Pseudomonas fluorescens sp., a well characterized microorganism isolated from carrots, as a model microorganism. In the second step, IC studies were performed to assess the shelf life of corn salad, choosing three different temperatures of storage (5, 10 and 20\ub0C), studying the kinetic evolution of chemico-physical (color, total phenols, moisture, pH variation and flow heat) and microbiological indices. We used for this study two different calorimeters in order to evaluate the influence of the temperature on the kinetics of microbial growth. The results obtained in this project showed that calorimetric method used in combination with other relevant methods is a very powerful tool in studying the kinetic and metabolic growth of bacteria in different fields. Moreover, Calorimetry assays, essentially consisting in on-line measurements, are very precise and easy to carry out in comparison with other methods currently used

Isothermal calorimetry protocols to monitor the shelf life and aftermarket follow-up of fresh cut vegetables

Protocols and guidelines were assessed in order to apply isothermal calorimetry as a complementary/alternative method to monitoring, during the shelf life and the microbial growth/metabolism in commercial fresh cut vegetables with random initial microbial population. Moreover, the endogenous microbial population was used as a biosensor to check the modifications occurred during long storage for aftermarket characterization in the frame of vegetable waste treatments. Validation was obtained following ready-to-use carrots highlighting the effects of the different exposed surfaces (cylinders, sticks and a`-la-julienne cut) on the overall spoiling process during shelf life and green salad stored up to 14 days with regard to the aftermarket characterization

Thermogenic flux induced by lignoceric acid in peroxisomes isolated from HepG2 cells and from X- adrenoleukodystrophy and control fibroblasts

This work analyzes the thermogenic flux induced by the very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) lignoceric acid (C24:0) in isolated peroxisomes. Specific metabolic alterations of peroxisomes are related to a variety of disorders, the most frequent one being the neurodegenerative inherited disease X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD). A peroxisomal transport protein is mutated in this disorder. Due to reduced catabolism and enhanced fatty acid elongation, VLCFA accumulate in plasma and in all tissues, contributing to the clinical manifestations of this disorder. During peroxisomal metabolism, heat is produced but it is considered lost. Instead, it is a form of energy that could play a role in molecular mechanisms of this pathology and other neurodegenerative disorders. The thermogenic flux induced by lignoceric acid (C24:0) was estimated by isothermal titration calorimetry in peroxisomes isolated from HepG2 cells and from fibroblasts obtained from X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients and healthy subjects. Heat flux induced by lignoceric acid in HepG2 peroxisomes was exothermic, indicating normal peroxisomal metabolism. In X-ALD peroxisomes the heat flux was endothermic, indicating the requirement of heat/energy, possibly for cellular metabolism. In fibroblasts from healthy subjects the effect was less pronounced than in HepG2, a kind of cell known to have greater FA metabolism than fibroblasts. Our hypothesis is that heat is not lost but it could act a s an activator, for example on the heat-sensitive pathway related to TRVP2 receptors. To investigate this hypothesis we focused on peroxisomal metabolism, considering that impaired heat generation could contribute to the development of peroxisomal neurodegenerative disorders

FINANCIAL AND MANAGERIAL ASPECT OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF THE SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE REGION

The article analyzes the activity of the regional authorities in relation to the improvement of financial management of the development of social infrastructure.  According to the results of scientific works dealing with the problems of organizational and economic provision of activities for the development of social infrastructure of the regions, an analysis of the problems of financial provision of the social sphere and the ways of overcoming them have been carried out.  Based on the clarification of the indicators used in the reports on the results and main areas of activity, as well as on improving the methods for determining the economic efficiency, the development of a system of indicators for the conduct of three interrelated types of monitoring (standard, monitoring, in-depth) is proposed in order to obtain the most complete information about the system  financing the development of social infrastructure in terms of social policy from the standpoint of end results.Key words: region, social infrastructure, budgeting, financial support, monitoring, social policyПанасюк В. М., кандидат економічних наук, доцент, Панасюк В. М.; доктор економічних наук, професор, Дармограй В. І.; доктор наук з державного управління, доцент, Гаман П. І.; кандидат наук з державного управління, Гаман Н. О. Фінансово-управлінський аспект розвитку і функціонування соціальної інфраструктури регіону/ Тернопільський національний технічний університет, Україна, Тернопіль; Кіровоградський інститут ПрАТ «ВНЗ «Міжрегіональна академія управління персоналом», Україна, Кропивницький; Український науково-дослідний інститут цивільного захисту, Україна, Київ; Уманський державний  педагогічний університет імені Павла Тичини, Україна, УманьУ статті досліджено діяльність органів влади регіону щодо вдосконалення фінансового управління розвитком соціальної інфраструктури. За результатами наукових робіт, що стосуються проблем організаційного та економічного забезпечення діяльності з розвитку соціальної інфраструктури регіонів, проведено аналіз проблем фінансового забезпечення соціальної сфери та шляхи їх подолання. На основі уточнення показників, використовуваних в доповідях про результати та основні напрямки діяльності, а також вдосконалення методик визначення економічної ефективності, запропонована розробка системи індикаторів для проведення трьох взаємопов'язаних видів моніторингу (стандартний, моніторинг, поглиблений) з метою  отримання найбільш повної інформації про систему фінансування розвитку соціальної інфраструктури в аспекті соціальної політики з позиції кінцевих результатів.Ключові слова: регіон, соціальна інфраструктура, бюджетування, фінансове забезпечення, моніторинг, соціальна політик

Daytime HONO vertical gradients during SHARP 2009 in Houston, TX

Nitrous Acid (HONO) plays an important role in tropospheric chemistry as a precursor of the hydroxyl radical (OH), the most important oxidizing agent in the atmosphere. Nevertheless, the formation mechanisms of HONO are still not completely understood. Recent field observations found unexpectedly high daytime HONO concentrations in both urban and rural areas, which point to unrecognized, most likely photolytically enhanced HONO sources. Several gas-phase, aerosol, and ground surface chemistry mechanisms have been proposed to explain elevated daytime HONO, but atmospheric evidence to favor one over the others is still weak. New information on whether HONO formation occurs in the gas-phase, on aerosol, or at the ground may be derived from observations of the vertical distribution of HONO and its precursor nitrogen dioxide, NO<sub>2</sub>, as well as from its dependence on solar irradiance or actinic flux. <br><br> Here we present field observations of HONO, NO<sub>2</sub> and other trace gases in three altitude intervals (30–70 m, 70–130 m and 130–300 m) using UCLA's long path DOAS instrument, as well as in situ measurements of OH, NO, photolysis frequencies and solar irradiance, made in Houston, TX, during the Study of Houston Atmospheric Radical Precursor (SHARP) experiment from 20 April to 30 May 2009. The observed HONO mixing ratios were often ten times larger than the expected photostationary state with OH and NO. Larger HONO mixing ratios observed near the ground than aloft imply, but do not clearly prove, that the daytime source of HONO was located at or near the ground. Using a pseudo steady-state (PSS) approach, we calculated the missing daytime HONO formation rates, P<sub>unknown</sub>, on four sunny days. The NO<sub>2</sub>-normalized P<sub>unknown</sub>, P<sub>norm</sub>, showed a clear symmetrical diurnal variation with a maximum around noontime, which was well correlated with actinic flux (NO<sub>2</sub> photolysis frequency) and solar irradiance. This behavior, which was found on all clear days in Houston, is a strong indication of a photolytic HONO source. [HONO]/[NO<sub>2</sub>] ratios also showed a clear diurnal profile, with maxima of 2–3% around noon. PSS calculations show that this behavior cannot be explained by the proposed gas-phase reaction of photoexcited NO<sub>2</sub> (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup>) or any other gas-phase or aerosol photolytic process occurring at similar or longer wavelengths than that of HONO photolysis. HONO formation by aerosol nitrate photolysis in the UV also seems to be unlikely. <br><br> P<sub>norm</sub> correlated better with solar irradiance (average <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.85/0.87 for visible/UV) than with actinic flux (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.76) on the four sunny days, clearly pointing to HONO being formed at the ground rather than on the aerosol or in the gas-phase. In addition, the observed [HONO]/[NO<sub>2</sub>] diurnal variation can be explained if the formation of HONO depends on solar irradiance, but not if it depends on the actinic flux. The vertical mixing ratio profiles, together with the stronger correlation with solar irradiance, support the idea that photolytically enhanced NO<sub>2</sub> to HONO conversion on the ground was the dominant source of HONO in Houston

СТАН ЕЛЕКТРОЛІТНОГО БАЛАНСУ КРОВІ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ ІЗ ХРОНІЧНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ НИРОК VD СТАДІЇ, ЯКІ ЛІКУЮТЬСЯ ПРОГРАМНИМ ГЕМОДІАЛІЗОМ

The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by impaired metabolism of blood electrolytes in two forms – hyperelectrolytemia or hypoelectrolytemia. The aim – to assess the balance of biostructural and bioelectrolytic elements of blood P, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Cl in relation to the function of the parathyroid glands in patients with CKD VD stage, who are treated with program hemodialysis. Material and Methods. 30 patients with CKD VD stage were examined. The state of electrolyte balance was assessed by K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl and biostructural element P in relation to the level of intact parathyroid hormone. Results. Among the examined patients revealed signs of secondary hyperparathyroiditis of varying severity, electrolyte imbalance K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl and biostructural element P in the blood. Of particular clinical importance is the tendency to form hypercalcemia on the background of hypomagnesemia – predictors of cardiovascular events. Conclusion. In more than 80 % of cases of patients with stage VD chronic kidney disease treated with programmed hemodialysis, the development of electrolyte imbalance K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl and biostructural element P is typical. The severity of their imbalance is associated with the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism.Прогрессирование хронической болезни почек характеризуется нарушением метаболизма электролитов крови в двух формах – гиперэлектролитемии или гипоэлектролитемии. Цель – оценить состояние баланса биоструктурных и биоэлектролитичных элементов крови Р, Сa, К, Na, Mg, Cl во взаимосвязи с функцией паращитовидных желез у больных хронической болезнью почек VD стадии, которые лечатся программным гемодиализом. Материал и методы. Обследовано 30 больных хронической болезнью почек VD стадии. Состояние электролитного баланса в крови оценивали по показателям K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl и биоструктурного элемента Р во взаимосвязи с уровнем интактного паратгормона. Результаты. У обследованных больных выявлены признаки вторичного гиперпаратиреоидита различной степени тяжести, дисбаланс электролитов K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl и биоструктурного элемента Р в крови. Особое клиническое значение имеет тенденция к формированию гиперкальциемии на фоне гипомагниемии – предикторов сердечно-сосудистых событий. Вывод. Для более 80 % больных хронической болезнью почек VD стадии, которые лечатся программным гемодиализом, характерно развитие дисбаланса электролитов K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl и биоструктурного элемента Р. Тяжесть нарушений их баланса ассоциируется с развитием вторичного гиперпаратиреоидита.Прогресування хронічної хвороби нирок (ХХН) характеризується порушенням метаболізму електролітів крові в двох формах – гіперелектролітемії або гіпоелектролітемії. Мета – оцінити стан балансу біоструктурних та біоелектролітичних елементів крові Р, Сa, К, Na, Mg, Cl у взаємозв’язку із функцією паращитоподібних залоз у хворих на ХХН VD стадії, які лікуються програмним гемодіалізом. Матеріал і методи. Обстежено 30 хворих на ХХН VD стадії. Стан електролітного балансу оцінювали за показниками K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl та біоструктурного елемента Р у взаємозв’язку з рівнем інтактного паратгормону. Результати. В обстежених хворих виявлено ознаки вторинного гіперпаратиреоїдиту різного ступеня тяжкості, дисбаланс електролітів K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl та біоструктурного елемента Р у крові. Особливе клінічне значення має тенденція до формування гіперкальціємії на тлі гіпомагніємії – предикторів серцево-судинних подій. Висновок. Для понад 80 % хворих на хронічну хворобу нирок VD стадії, які лікуються програмним гемодіалізом, характерним є розвиток дисбалансу електролітів K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cl та біоструктурного елемента Р. Тяжкість порушень їх балансу асоціюється із розвитком вторинного гіперпаратиреоїдиту

Relationship between the Daily Rhythm of Distal Skin Temperature and Brown Adipose Tissue 18F-FDG Uptake in Young Sedentary Adults

The present study examines whether the daily rhythm of distal skin temperature (DST) is associated with brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism as determined by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) uptake in young adults. Using a wireless thermometer (iButton) worn on the nondominant wrist, DST was measured in 77 subjects (26% male; age 22 ± 2 years; body mass index 25.2 ± 4.8 kg/m2) for 7 consecutive days. The temperatures to which they were habitually exposed over the day were also recorded. The interday stability of DST was calculated from the collected data, along with the intraday variability and relative amplitude; the mean temperature of the 5 and 10 consecutive hours with the maximum and minimum DST values, respectively; and when these hours occurred. Following exposure to cold, BAT volume and mean and peak standardized 18F-FDG uptake (SUVmean and SUVpeak) were determined for each subject via static 18F-FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanning. Relative amplitude and the time at which the 10 consecutive hours of minimum DST values occurred were positively associated with BAT volume, SUVmean, and SUVpeak (p ≤ 0.02), whereas the mean DST of that period was inversely associated with the latter BAT variables (p ≤ 0.01). The interday stability and intraday variability of the DST were also associated (directly and inversely, respectively) with BAT SUVpeak (p ≤ 0.02 for both). All of these associations disappeared, however, when the analyses were adjusted for the ambient temperature to which the subjects were habitually exposed. Thus, the relationship between the daily rhythm of DST and BAT activity estimated by 18F-FDG uptake is masked by environmental and likely behavioral factors. Of note is that those participants exposed to the lowest ambient temperature showed 3 to 5 times more BAT volume and activity compared with subjects who were exposed to a warmer ambient temperature

Association Between Affective-Cognitive Symptoms of Depression and Exacerbation of Crohn’s Disease

The prevalence of depression is high in patients with Crohn’s Disease (CD). We examined the influence of affective-cognitive symptoms of depression on the risk of exacerbation of CD