Analyse de la qualité physico-chimique des eaux souterraines de la communauté des Mzamza, au voisinage des eaux usées

Analyze of the physicochemical quality of Mzamza’s communityof ground waters, around waste waters In the Mzamza’s community, characterized by an important agricultural potentiality especially in the perimeters irrigated by domestic and industrial water, ground waters are prone to several possibilities of contamination. However in this zone, the ground waters are considered as an important resource used to drink water and irrigation. The objective of this study is, on the one hand, to try to evaluate the impact of the wastes water’s re-use on the physicochemical quality of wells’water in the zone of study and, on the other hand, to determine its quality refering to the standards of potability or irrigation. The results obtained showed that the concentrations of the elements considered (principal pollutants and indicators of pollution) are high in waste waters and ground waters.The ratio of adsorption of sodium (SAR) enabled us to qualifie groundwaters intended to the irrigation, and the causes of salinisation of the soil when using it in this domain.Several determining factors were highlighted in the contamination of ground waters by these pollutants, namely: the contribution of nitrogenized fertilizers, the nature of soil, the lithology, the permeability of the aquifer and the outdistances well compared to the sources of pollution which are waste waters

The effect of confined Longitudinal Optical Phonons on the Binding Energy of an impurity in CdSe Quantum Dot

Using a variational approach, the effect of the confined LO-phonon on the binding energy in CdSe Quantum Dot has been calculated. The charge-carrier-phonon coupling is treated within the adiabatic approximation. Our results show that the effect of the confined LO-phonon on the binding energy decreases with the dot size. However the correction of the confined LO-phonon to bound state energy increases with dot size.Using a variational approach, the effect of the confined LO-phonon on the binding energy in CdSe Quantum Dot has been calculated. The charge-carrier-phonon coupling is treated within the adiabatic approximation. Our results show that the effect of the confined LO-phonon on the binding energy decreases with the dot size. However the correction of the confined LO-phonon to bound state energy increases with dot size

Traitement Expérimental Par Coagulation Floculation Des Effluents Brutes D’une Industrie Aéronautique À Casablanca (Maroc)

Les effluents de l’industrie de traitement de surface présentent souvent une forte charge en produits chimiques très toxiques qui doivent être traités conformément à une réglementation de plus en plus stricte. Dans ce travail, nous avons effectué une caractérisation des effluents liquides d’une unité de traitement de surface au Maroc qui a révélé une forte pollution colloïdale (Turbidité=131 NTU), une charge en matière oxydable élevée (DCO = 960 mg/l) et en éléments métalliques (Fer, cuivre, zinc, nickel, aluminium, chrome et cyanure). L’objectif de cette étude expérimentale consiste à appliquer un traitement physico-chique par coagulation-floculation à ces eaux uses industrielles toxiques en vue de les conformer aux normes de rejet dans le réseau d’assainissement local. En effet, ce traitement, précédé d’un ajustement du pH, une oxydation des cyanures et d’une réduction du chrome hexavalent, a abouti à une réduction très satisfaisante de la toxicité de ces effluents avec des taux d’abattement de 94% pour la DCO et jusqu'à 99 % pour la turbidité et charge métallique. Effluents from the surface treatment industry often have a high load o f highly toxic chemicals that need to be treated in accordance with increasing ly stringent regulations. In this work, we performed a characterization of liqu id effluents from a surface treatment unit in Morocco that revealed high collo idal pollution (Turbidity=131 NTU), high stainless material (COD=960 mg/l ) and metal elements (Iron, copper, zinc, nickel, aluminum, chromium and cy anide). The objective of this experimental study is to apply a physico-chemical treatment by coagulation-flocculation to these toxic industrial wastewater in order to comply with the discharge standards in the local sewage system. This treatment, preceded by pH adjustment, cyanide oxidation and reduction of hexavalent chromium, resulted in a very satisfactory reduction in toxicity of these effluents with abatement rates of 94% for COD and up to 99% for turbidity and metal load

Therapeutic complement targeting in ANCA-associated vasculitides and thrombotic microangiopathy

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs) are a group of systemic autoimmune disorders characterized by necrotizing inflammation of medium-to-small vessels, a relative paucity of immune deposits, and an association with detectable circulating ANCAs. AAVs include granulomatosis with polyangiitis (renamed from Wegener's granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis, and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome). Until recently, AAVs have not been viewed as complement-mediated disorders. However, recent findings predominantly from animal studies demonstrated a crucial role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of AAVs. Complement activation or defects in its regulation have been described in an increasing number of acquired or genetically driven forms of thrombotic microangiopathy. Coinciding with this expanding spectrum of complement-mediated diseases, the question arises as to which AAV patients might benefit from a complement-targeted therapy. Therapies directed against the complement system point to the necessity of a genetic workup of genes of complement components and regulators in patients with AAV. Genetic testing together with pluripotent stem cells and bioinformatics tools may broaden our approach to the treatment of patients with aggressive forms of AAV

Case Report Bilateral Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor of the Breast: A Very Rare Entity and Review of the Literature

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are rare malignant tumors, affecting mostly children and adolescents and have been described in breast in eight case reports only. In this paper, we present a case of bilateral mammary ES/PNET where distinction between primary and metastatic diseases was discussed through a literature review. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that although rare, the possibility of PNET should be kept in mind while evaluating a palpable breast abnormality in a young female

Efecto del envejecimiento acelerado sobre la composición lipídica de semillas de dos variedades de trigo blando de Marruecos

The lipid composition of the seeds from two soft wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum, cv. Marchouche and Mahdia) were analyzed before and after accelerated aging. Eight days of accelerated aging resulted in a total inhibition of seed germinability as well as a decrease in their total and especially unsaturated fatty acid contents. Oleic and linoleic acid contents decreased particularly in the phosphatidylcholine of the seeds from both varieties. The proportion of polar lipids also decreased after aging as compared to neutral lipids: a 5.8% and 7.2% decrease in polar lipids was e observed in Mahdia and Marchouche cultivars, respectively. In the neutral lipids of the seeds from the Marchouche variety, the percentage of free fatty acids increased whereas the triacylglycerols decreased. After aging, the fatty acid compositions of all lipid classes were modified in the same manner as total fatty acid compositions. Among polar lipids, phospholipid proportions were particularly small, especially the phosphatidylcholine percentages with an 18.1% and 19.1% decrease in Mahdia and Marchouche varieties, respectively. In contrast, MGDG percentages increased, especially in the seeds from the Marchouche variety. A 15.5% increase was noticed when compared with seeds which were not aged. At the same time, the DGDG percentage showed a 16.6% decrease after accelerated aging of the seeds from the Marchouche variety. From these results we concluded that the lipid content decrease observed in seeds after accelerated aging could be linked to a loss in the germination and vigor of wheat seeds.La composición lipídica de semillas de dos variedades de trigo blando (Triticum aestivum, cv. Marchouche and Mahdia) fueron analizadas antes y después del envejecimiento acelerado. Ocho días de envejecimiento acelerado provoco una inhibición total de la geminabilidad, así como un descenso en el contenido total de ácidos grasos, en especial de los ácidos grasos insaturados. Los contenidos del ácido oleico y linoleico disminuyeron particularmente, en la fosfatidilcolina de las semillas de ambas variedades. La proporción de lípidos polares también decreció después del envejecimiento en comparación con los lípidos neutros: un descenso del 5.8% y 7.2% de los lípidos polares fueron observados en los cultivos de Mahdia y Marchouche, respectivamente. En los lípidos de las semillas de la variedad Marchouche, el porcentaje de ácidos grasos libres aumento, mientras que los triglicéridos decrecieron. Después del envejecimiento, la composición de los ácidos grasos de todas las clases de lípidos fue modificada de la misma manera que la composición de los ácidos grasos totales. Entre los lípidos polares, la proporción de fosfolípidos fue la que disminuyo principalmente, en especial el porcentaje de fosfatidilcolina: un 18.1% y 19.1% para las variedades Mahdia y Marchouche, respectivamente. Por otra parte, los porcentajes de MGDG aumentaron, en especial en las semillas de la variedad Marchouche: un 15.5% en comparación con las semillas no envejecidas. Al mismo tiempo, los porcentajes de DGDG mostraron un descenso del 16.6% después del envejecimiento acelerado de semillas de la variedad Marchouche. De todos estos resultados, se concluye que el descenso del contenido lipídico observado en semillas después del envejecimiento acelerado podría estar relacionado con una pérdida de germinación y de vigor de semillas de trigo

Application of Ultrasonic Beam Modeling to Phased Array Testing of Complex Geometry Components

For several years, the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) has developed phased array techniques to improve defect characterization and adaptability to various inspection configurations [1]. Such techniques allow to steer and focus the ultrasonic beam radiated by a transducer split into a set of individually addressed elements, using amplitude and delay laws. For most conventional systems, those delay laws are extracted from geometric ultrasonic paths between each element of the array and a geometric focusing applied to perform beam-forming abilities [2] for simple geometry components (e.g. beam- steering over a plane specimen), whereas experimental delays can be supplied to the array at transmission and reception to optimally adapt the ultrasonic beam to the detected defect, in a so-called self-focusing process [3,4]. This method, relevant for complex material or geometry leading to phase distortion or complex paths that cannot be predicted by simple geometrical calculations, obviously requires the existence of a reflector and the ultrasonic beam radiated by the experimental delay law cannot be known. Therefore this technique is used to improve defect detection (optimal sensibility) rather than defect characterization. To assess complex geometry components inspection with an adaptive system, the CEA has developed new modeling devoted to predict the ultrasonic field radiated by arbitrary transducers through complex geometry and material specimen [5]. A model allows to compute optimized delay laws to preserve the characteristics of the beam through the complex surface, as well as the actual radiated field using those delays. This paper presents two applications of this model : the inspection of a misaligned specimen, and the inspection of an irregular surface

Clinicopathological, therapeutic and prognostic features of the triple-negative tumors in moroccan breast cancer patients (experience of Hassan II university hospital in Fez)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined as a group of breast carcinomas that are negative for expression of hormone receptors (ER, PR) and Her2, we can distinguish between two groups: basal-like (ER-, PR-, Her2-, cytokeratin (CK) 5/6+ and/or Her1+) and unclassified subtype (ER-, PR-, Her2-, Her1- and CK5/6-).</p> <p>The aim of this study is to determine the clinicopathological, histological, therapeutic and prognostic features associated with this type of breast cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a retrospective study of 366 female breast cancer patients, diagnosed between January 2007 and June 2010 at the Department of Pathology. Epidemiological, clinical, histological, therapeutic and evolutive data were analyzed. OS and DFS rates were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and a log-rank test to estimate outcome.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 64 women were identified as having TNBC (17.5% of all female breast cancer patients), 12.6% were basal-like, 4.9% were unclassified subtype, with a median age of 45 years. The median histological tumor diameter was 4.3 cm. TNBC were most often associated with a high grade, 49.2% grade III (53% for unclassified subtype, 47.6% for basal-like). Vascular invasion was found in 26.6% of cases (22% for unclassified subtype and 28.3% for basal-like). For the lymph node involvement: 51% had positive lymph nodes, and 22.4% had distant metastases. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 18% patients with 26% of complete pathologic response; therefore adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 82%. 98% received anthracycline based regimen and only 30% received taxanes.</p> <p>The Kaplan-Meier curves based showed the lowest survival probability at 3-years (49% of OS, and 39% of DFS).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>TNBC is associated with young age, high grade tumors, advanced stage at diagnosis, difference chemo response compared to other subtypes, and shortest survival. Critical to optimal future management is accurate identification of truly triple negative disease, and adequately powered prospective TNBC trials to establish treatment efficacy and define predictive biomarkers.</p