Synaptic transmission as a cooperative phenomenon in confined systems

In this review paper, the theory of synaptic transmission (ST) was developed and discussed. We used the hypothesis of isomorphism between: (a) the cooperative behavior of mediators --- acetylcholine molecules (ACh) and cholinoreceptors in a synaptic cleft with binding into mediator-receptor (AChR) complexes, (b) the critical phenomena in confined binary liquid mixtures. The systems of two (or three) nonlinear differential equations were proposed to find the change of concentrations of ACh, AChR complexes, and ferment acetylcholinesterase. The main findings of our study: the linear size of the activation zone was evaluated; the process of postsynaptic membrane activation was described as a cooperative process; different approximations of ACh synchronous release were examined; stationary states and types of singular points were studied for the proposed models of ST; the nonlinear kinetic model with three order parameters demonstrated a strange-attractor behavior.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figur

О возможности дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы человека методом аускультации

Development of technical base, software, accumulated information on the diagnosis of the respiratory system provided the prerequisites for creating remote diagnostics of the human respiratory system through auscultation. The known methods do not solve the problem of determining auscultation points at patent´s housing without a diagnostic specialist. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for remote diagnostics of the respiratory system which provides ability to determine the points of auscultation without presence of a diagnostic specialist. The definition of auscultation points is provided using a computer program that allows to calculate the points´ coordinates based on the coordinates of points that determine the anatomical structure of the patient's torso. The patient or his assistant places the recording device at the auscultation points combining their images on the display with the image of the location of the recording device. The signal recorded at the auscultation point is remotely transmitted to a specialist for direct analysis and/or computer processing. The diagnostic module consists of two main units. The first unit contains a stethoscope, microphone, and amplifier connected to a mobile phone or other similar device containing an accelerometer. The patient or his assistant at the housing uses the unit. The second unit is a mobile phone with a mechanical marker or a computer with the ability to access the network in conjunction with the necessary software and is used remotely by a diagnostic specialist. The layout of the unit for recording and transmitting breath sounds was made. To avoid discrepancies in the diagnostic results the technical characteristics of the module elements must be normalized. Unified software is required for the module to function. The organizational tasks that need to be solved for the implementation of diagnostics are formulated. Use of the method of remote diagnostics of the respiratory system, providing the ability to determine points of auscultation without the direct presence of a diagnostic specialist and the module will allow increasing efficiency of treatment of pulmonary diseases reduce infection risks and economic costs

Methodology for comparative analysis of university rankings, with the Mediterranean and Black sea region countries taken as an example

The article develops quantitative methodology of comparative analysis of global university rankings for the Mediterranean and Black Sea region. In its frameworks three analytical procedures are proposed. They are used to build university and country matricesyesBelgorod State Universit

Intuition in business: Empirical base

In this article, the authors propose economic projection of the views of Daniel Kahneman on intuition. The authors believe intuition to act as an operative category in entrepreneurship. The results of given statistical experiment prove viability of the phenomenon of intuition when making investment decisions. Two independent mechanisms for investment decisions are being defined - the «rational» and the «intuitive» ones. The research leads to conclusion that entrepreneurs’ intuitive decisions possess a relatively high level of efficiency. © 2016 Fomin et al

Laws and regularities of vocational pedagogy

The issue under study is relevant, since a modern pedagogical science needs to establish adialectical relationship between the theory and practice of vocational education, becauseresearch in this area as well as in vocational pedagogy has lagged behind the implementedpractical transformations and reforms in recent years.The aim of the paper is to justify the definition of “vocational pedagogy” and to find out whether it is right to use the terms “law” and “regularity” with respect to an independent field of a pedagogical science – vocational pedagogy. The leading approach to studying the above issue is the method of modelling, which enables to reveal the peculiarities of the effect of formulated regularities of vocational pedagogy at the modern stage of society development, to extrapolate their effect on the nearest future of vocational education development and to provide a science-based forecast of its evolution. The results of the research: we revealed the regularities of vocational pedagogy and vocational education, gave a definition of vocational pedagogy as a methodological basis forvocational education, and defined the perspectives of their development. The materials of the paper may be useful for specialists in regulatory, theoretical and practical activities in education for developing and improving educational and professional standards as well as for developing a model for creating future competitive employees in the system of vocational education taking into account the established regularities in the development of the theory and practice of vocational education.Keywords: laws, regularities, creative thinking, vocational education, vocational pedagogy,standards

Effect of intake of Vitrum vitamin-mineral complex in combination with adaptogens on immune status and physical work capacity in highly skilled student athletes

Purpose of the study: to study the effect of Vitrum in combination with adaptogens on immunological reactivity and physical performance in athletes under conditions of intense training.Materials and methods: 4 groups of athletes, 10 people in each, went through a cycle of intensive training according to a specially developed methodology. Group I took Vitrum, group II — Vitrum + Eleutherococcus extract, group III — Vitrum + ginseng tincture. Group IV — ascorbic acid and was used as a control. Blood for analysis was taken from the cubital vein before and after 28 days of drug administration. Indicators of immunological reactivity were determined by modern laboratory methods. Physical performance was determined by the index of the Harvard step test (IHST) and the PWC170 test.Results: the use of Vitrum in combination with adaptogens promotes a significant increase in the parameters of humoral (increase in IgA by 32–40 %, IgM by 28–43 %, IgG by 9–14 %) and cellular (increasing the completeness of phagocytosis by 9–37 % immunity.Conclusion: intake of Vitrum in combination with adaptogens was accompanied by a significant increase in nonspecific immunity and increased the level of fitness

Modern requirements to preparation of professional and pedagogical personnel

The relevance of the researched problem is caused by the need of providing the educational organizations of the system of professional education with specialists in projecting and implementation of educational programs of training of workers and specialists of a middle link, and formation of a personnel resource for innovative productions. The purpose of the presented article consists in consideration of the discrepancies arising while introduction of the professional standard "Teacher of Vocational Training, Vocational Education and Further Vocational Education" and changes revelation of a pedagogical personnel which are necessary for improvement of preparation quality. The leading approach to the research of this problem is the system-based approach which allows us to reveal the discrepancies arising by the comparison of the professional standard and educational programs that are developed taking into account requirements of the educational standard for the direction of preparation Vocational Training (branch-wise). According to the analysis results, the option of adjustment of educational programs for the direction of preparation Vocational Training (branch-wise) is offered; it promotes improvement of preparation quality of pedagogical personnel for the system of professional education and further vocational education, and also the corporate educational organizations and innovative productions. The materials of the publication can be useful to heads of educational organizations while forming the personnel potential in educational institutions. © 2016 Zyryanova et al

О возможности дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы человека методом аускультации

Development of technical base, software, accumulated information on the diagnosis of the respiratory system provided the prerequisites for creating remote diagnostics of the human respiratory system through auscultation. The known methods do not solve the problem of determining auscultation points at patent´s housing without a diagnostic specialist. The purpose of this study is to develop a method for remote diagnostics of the respiratory system which provides ability to determine the points of auscultation without presence of a diagnostic specialist.The definition of auscultation points is provided using a computer program that allows to calculate the points´ coordinates based on the coordinates of points that determine the anatomical structure of the patient's torso. The patient or his assistant places the recording device at the auscultation points combining their images on the display with the image of the location of the recording device. The signal recorded at the auscultation point is remotely transmitted to a specialist for direct analysis and/or computer processing. The diagnostic module consists of two main units. The first unit contains a stethoscope, microphone, and amplifier connected to a mobile phone or other similar device containing an accelerometer. The patient or his assistant at the housing uses the unit. The second unit is a mobile phone with a mechanical marker or a computer with the ability to access the network in conjunction with the necessary software and is used remotely by a diagnostic specialist. The layout of the unit for recording and transmitting breath sounds was made. To avoid discrepancies in the diagnostic results the technical characteristics of the module elements must be normalized. Unified software is required for the module to function. The organizational tasks that need to be solved for the implementation of diagnostics are formulated.Use of the method of remote diagnostics of the respiratory system, providing the ability to determine points of auscultation without the direct presence of a diagnostic specialist and the module will allow increasing efficiency of treatment of pulmonary diseases reduce infection risks and economic costs. Развитие технической базы, программного обеспечения, а также накопленная информация по диагностике дыхательной системы обеспечили предпосылки для создания дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы человека посредством аускультации. В известных методиках не решена проблема определения точек аускультации в домашних условиях без присутствия специалиста по диагностике. Целью настоящего исследования является разработка методики дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы, обеспечивающая возможность определения точек аускультации без присутствия специалиста по диагностике.Для этого предусмотрено определение точек аускультации с использованием компьютерной программы, позволяющей вычислить их координаты на основе координат точек, определяющих анатомическое строение торса пациента. Пациент или его помощник устанавливают записывающее устройство в точки аускультации, совмещая на дисплее их изображения с изображением точки нахождения записывающего устройства. Записываемый в точке аускультации сигнал дистанционно передаётся специалисту для непосредственного анализа и/или компьютерной обработки. Диагностический модуль состоит из двух основных узлов. Первый содержит стетоскоп, микрофон и усилитель, соединённые с мобильным телефоном или другим аналогичным устройством, содержащим акселерометр. Узел используется пациентом или его помощником в домашних условиях. Второй узел представляет мобильный телефон с механическим маркером либо компьютер с возможностью выхода в сеть в совокупности с необходимым программным обеспечением и используется дистанционно специалистом по диагностике. Изготовлен макет узла записи и передачи звуков дыхания. Чтобы избежать расхождения результатов диагностики, технические характеристики элементов модуля необходимо нормировать. Для функционирования модуля требуется унифицированное программное обеспечение. Сформулированы организационные задачи, которые необходимо решить для внедрения диагностики.Использование разработанной методики дистанционной диагностики дыхательной системы, обеспечивающей возможность определения точек аускультации без присутствия специалиста по диагностике и соответствующего модуля позволит увеличить эффективность лечения пульмонологических заболеваний, уменьшить риски инфицирования и экономические затраты.

Pyroelectric and electrocaloric effects in PMN-based relaxors

The work was supported by the Russian Foundation of Basic Research under grant 18-02-00394