'They make us feel like we're a virus': the multiple impacts of Islamophobic hostility towards veiled Muslim women

Within the prevailing post-9/11 climate, veiled Muslim women are commonly portrayed as oppressed, ‘culturally dangerous’ and ‘threatening’ to the western way of life and to notions of public safety and security by virtue of being fully covered in the public sphere. It is in such a context that manifestations of Islamophobia often emerge as a means of responding to these ‘threats’. Drawing from qualitative data elicited through a UK-based study, this article reflects upon the lived experiences of veiled Muslim women as actual and potential victims of Islamophobia and examines the impacts of Islamophobic attacks upon victims, their families and wider Muslim communities. Among the central themes we explore are impacts upon their sense of vulnerability, the visibility of their Muslim identity, and the management of their safety in public. The individual and collective harms associated with this form of victimisation are considered through notions of a worldwide, transnational Muslim community, the ummah, which connects Muslims from all over world. We conclude by noting that the effects of this victimisation are not exclusively restricted to the global ummah; rather, the harm extends to society as a whole by exacerbating the polarisation which already exists between ‘us’ and ‘them’

IONS (ANURADHA): Ionization states of low energy cosmic rays

IONS (ANURADHA), the experimental payload designed specifically to determine the ionization states, flux, composition, energy spectra and arrival directions of low energy (10 to 100 MeV/amu) anomalous cosmic ray ions of helium to iron in near-Earth space, had a highly successful flight and operation Spacelab-3 mission. The experiment combines the accuracy of a highly sensitive CR-39 nuclear track detector with active components included in the payload to achieve the experimental objectives. Post-flight analysis of detector calibration pieces placed within the payload indicated no measurable changes in detector response due to its exposure in spacelab environment. Nuclear tracks produced by alpha-particles, oxygen group and Fe ions in low energy anomalous cosmic rays were identified. It is calculated that the main detector has recorded high quality events of about 10,000 alpha-particles and similar number of oxygen group and heavier ions of low energy cosmic rays

A Review on Beneficiation Prospect of Some of the Graphite Deposits of Palamu District of Bihar

Graphite constitutes one of the important minerals for the manufacture of special types of refractory materials. In nature it occurs both in crystalline as well as amorphous forms. It is reported to occur in almost every State of India. In Bihar economic deposits of graphite are confined to the district of Palamu only with some minor occurences in Monghyr and Ranchi districts. G.S.I has located some important workable deposits whose estimated total reserves amount to about 16 lakhs tonnes upto 20 meters depth. These depsits are poorer in grade but sometimes the fixed carbon content is of the order of 50% F.C. A few customary processing plants have also been put up by some private parties

Skupni učinci vezanih i slobodnih elektrona te iona u međudjelovanju valova i plazme

Characteristics of propagation of small-amplitude waves in a cold plasma, assumed to be fluid-like, compressible, and a mixture of populations of weakly bound electrons, free electrons and ions, is studied. For an elliptically polarized wave, we have evaluated (i) the zeroth-harmonic magnetic moment, (ii) the damping factor and cut-off frequency and (iii) the collisional energy absorption. The relative roles of the frequency (ω0) of the bound electrons, the characteristic frequency of free electrons (ωf), the characteristic frequency of bound electrons (ωb) and the resonance condition, where ω0 equals the wave frequency ω, and the effects of the cut-off frequency, is studied. The cut-off frequency has a higher value; in the resonance case (ω 2 = ω 2 0 ) it increases when ω0 is greater than ωf , and decreases when ω0 is less than ωf . The field of magnetic-moment at this resonance is enhanced when ω0 is large compared to ωf . The exchange of energy between the wave field and the constituents of this plasma is considered.Proučavamo značajke širenja valova male amplitude u hladnoj plazmi za koju pretpostavljamo da je fluidna, stišljiva i smjesa slabo vezanih i slobodnih elektrona te iona. Za eliptički polarizirane valove izveli smo (i) magnetski moment prvog harmonika, (ii) faktor gušenja i graničnu frekvenciju i (iii) sudarnu apsorpciju energije. Istražujemo relativnu ulogu frekvencije vezanih elektrona (ω0), karakteristične frekvencije slobodnih elektrona (ωf), karakteristične frekvencije vezanih elektrona (ωb) i rezonantnog uvjeta kada je ω0 jednako frekvenciji valova ω te učinaka granične frekvencije. Granična je frekvencija viša u slučaju rezonancije (ω 2 = ω 2 0 ), ona raste ako je ω0 manji od ωf , a smanjuje se ako je ω0 veći od ωf . Magnetski moment polja je na rezonanciji povećan ako je ω0 veći od ωf . Razmatramo i izmjenu energije između valnog polja i sastavnica plazme

Amino Acids Involved in Polyphosphate Synthesis and Its Mobilization Are Distinct in Polyphosphate Kinase-1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

In bacteria polyphosphates (poly-P) are involved in cellular metabolism and development especially during stress. The enzyme, principally involved in polyphosphate biosynthesis and its mobilization leading to generation of NTPs, is known as polyphosphate kinase (PPK). PPK1 crystal structure since it owes 68% amino acid sequence similarity with mPPK1. Interestingly, our results revealed that mutations in mPPK1 affecting poly-P synthesis always affected its ATP synthesizing ability; however, the reverse may not be true. only

Age-Related Differential Stimulation of Immune Response by Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi During Acute Phase of Infection Affects Disease Severity

Lyme disease is the most prominent tick-borne disease with 300,000 cases estimated by CDC every year while ~2,000 cases of babesiosis occur per year in the United States. Simultaneous infection with Babesia microti and Borrelia burgdorferi are now the most common tick-transmitted coinfections in the U.S.A., and they are a serious health problem because coinfected patients show more intense and persisting disease symptoms. B. burgdorferi is an extracellular spirochete responsible for systemic Lyme disease while B. microti is a protozoan that infects erythrocytes and causes babesiosis. Immune status and spleen health are important for resolution of babesiosis, which is more severe and even fatal in the elderly and splenectomized patients. Therefore, we investigated the effect of each pathogen on host immune response and consequently on severity of disease manifestations in both young, and 30 weeks old C3H mice. At the acute stage of infection, Th1 polarization in young mice spleen was associated with increased IFN-γ and TNF-α producing T cells and a high Tregs/Th17 ratio. Together, these changes could help in the resolution of both infections in young mice and also prevent fatality by B. microti infection as observed with WA-1 strain of Babesia. In older mature mice, Th2 polarization at acute phase of B. burgdorferi infection could play a more effective role in preventing Lyme disease symptoms. As a result, enhanced B. burgdorferi survival and increased tissue colonization results in severe Lyme arthritis only in young coinfected mice. At 3 weeks post-infection, diminished pathogen-specific antibody production in coinfected young, but not older mice, as compared to mice infected with each pathogen individually may also contribute to increased inflammation observed due to B. burgdorferi infection, thus causing persistent Lyme disease observed in coinfected mice and reported in patients. Thus, higher combined proinflammatory response to B. burgdorferi due to Th1 and Th17 cells likely reduced B. microti parasitemia significantly only in young mice later in infection, while the presence of B. microti reduced humoral immunity later in infection and enhanced tissue colonization by Lyme spirochetes in these mice even at the acute stage, thereby increasing inflammatory arthritis

Skupni učinci vezanih i slobodnih elektrona te iona u međudjelovanju valova i plazme

Characteristics of propagation of small-amplitude waves in a cold plasma, assumed to be fluid-like, compressible, and a mixture of populations of weakly bound electrons, free electrons and ions, is studied. For an elliptically polarized wave, we have evaluated (i) the zeroth-harmonic magnetic moment, (ii) the damping factor and cut-off frequency and (iii) the collisional energy absorption. The relative roles of the frequency (ω0) of the bound electrons, the characteristic frequency of free electrons (ωf), the characteristic frequency of bound electrons (ωb) and the resonance condition, where ω0 equals the wave frequency ω, and the effects of the cut-off frequency, is studied. The cut-off frequency has a higher value; in the resonance case (ω 2 = ω 2 0 ) it increases when ω0 is greater than ωf , and decreases when ω0 is less than ωf . The field of magnetic-moment at this resonance is enhanced when ω0 is large compared to ωf . The exchange of energy between the wave field and the constituents of this plasma is considered.Proučavamo značajke širenja valova male amplitude u hladnoj plazmi za koju pretpostavljamo da je fluidna, stišljiva i smjesa slabo vezanih i slobodnih elektrona te iona. Za eliptički polarizirane valove izveli smo (i) magnetski moment prvog harmonika, (ii) faktor gušenja i graničnu frekvenciju i (iii) sudarnu apsorpciju energije. Istražujemo relativnu ulogu frekvencije vezanih elektrona (ω0), karakteristične frekvencije slobodnih elektrona (ωf), karakteristične frekvencije vezanih elektrona (ωb) i rezonantnog uvjeta kada je ω0 jednako frekvenciji valova ω te učinaka granične frekvencije. Granična je frekvencija viša u slučaju rezonancije (ω 2 = ω 2 0 ), ona raste ako je ω0 manji od ωf , a smanjuje se ako je ω0 veći od ωf . Magnetski moment polja je na rezonanciji povećan ako je ω0 veći od ωf . Razmatramo i izmjenu energije između valnog polja i sastavnica plazme