Terapia médica actual en reumatología

ResumenEl tratamiento médico de las enfermedades reumatológicas ha cambiado en forma importante en las últimas décadas. La aparición de los corticoides en 1948, la incorporación del metotrexato en la década del 90 y últimamente la utilización de medicamentos biológicos, han marcado los hitos más importantes en la historia de la especialidad. En este artículo se revisan los fármacos que actualmente se usan de manera regular en la práctica diaria.SummaryMedical treatment of rheumatic diseases has changed significantly in recent decades. The appearance of steroids in 1948, the addition of methotrexate in the 90’s and recently the use of biological drugs have marked important landmarks in the history of the specialty. This article reviews the drugs currently used regularly in daily practice

Tratamiento de la infección crónica por el VHB

The treatment of the patient with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) must be carried out with the knowledge that the percentage of patients infected with the B virus that develop chronic hepatitis remains between 5-10%. Of these, 10-30% will present chronic infection with active viral replication, necroinflammatory hepatic lesion, evolution to hepatic cirrhosis and the risk of developing hepatocarcinoma. For this reason, the aim of treatment is to achieve negativisation of the HBeAg, seroconversion to anti-HBe and a reduction of viral replication to undetectable values (estimated by level of DNA-HBV), for protracted periods of time. When a sustained loss of HBeAg and a reduction of viral replication are obtained, a biochemical, clinical and histological remission is achieved. Up until now the therapeutic alternatives in chronic infection by the B virus have been immunomodulation with Interferon alpha and the blocking of viral replication with lamivudine or adefovir dipivoxil. A difference must be drawn between the biochemical response, defined as a fall in the transaminases to normal values, and the virological response, which refers to a fall in the levels of DNA-HBV below 10(5) copies/ml. Finally, the complete response is defined as the virological and biochemical response with negativisation of the HBsAg. If a sustained response is obtained for several months, a histological response can be predicted with reduction in the intensity of the hepatic lesion and an absence or stabilisation in the process of fibrosis. The sustained response should last for no less than 6 to 12 months following the end of treatmen

Local null controllability of the N-dimensional Navier-Stokes system with N-1 scalar controls in an arbitrary control domain

In this paper we deal with the local null controllability of the N-dimensional Navier-Stokes system with internal controls having one vanishing component. The novelty of this work is that no condition is imposed on the control domain

Potato genetical genomics: investigating the genetic basis of primary metabolism and its relationship to the phenotype

Primary metabolism is essential for plant growth and survival and it is therefore involved in all physiological processes of the plant. In the past years the advancements in large-scale and high-throughput technologies have enhanced our ability to characterize the plant metabolome. The development of methods for the simultaneous analysis of many different plant metabolites and the necessary software for subsequent data analysis have further expanded the possibilities to investigate plant responses from a system-oriented perspective. This allows the comparison of genetic and phenotypic variation at different molecular levels, enabling us to find associations between genotype and phenotype and their intermediate levels of information transduction. Metabolomics has become increasingly important for the characterization of the metabolic status of plants under different environmental and genetic perturbations. The economic importance of potato and the increasing availability of genetic and molecular resources have stimulated research on many different aspects of the physiology of this crop and the regulation of complex traits. We used the available tools to explore the genetic basis of the composition and content of primary metabolites in a potato population. In this research, the possibilities to combine metabolite profiling with genetic information are explored to identify the genetic factors determining primary metabolism and to infer links between metabolites and agronomic phenotypes.</p

Preliminary Design of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System for Crop-Spraying on Vineyards

This paper describes the preliminary design of an innovative concept rotary-wing Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) for precision agriculture and aerial spraying applications. Aerial spraying of plant protection products and pesticides shows open challenges in terms of performance and regulatory requirements. In particular*the focus here is on highlighting the advantages of the proposed solution in performing precise and expeditious interventions, coping with the spray drift problem (i.e. minimization of drift). Flight performances and agronomists' requirements are combined to define the mission and the aerial vehicle and spray system design

Technological Change and the Finance Wage Premium

This paper utilizes a comprehensive worker-firm panel for the Netherlands to quantify the impact of ICT capital-skill complementarity on the finance wage premium after the Global Financial Crisis. We apply additive worker and firm fixed-effect models to account for unobserved worker- and firm-heterogeneity and show that firm fixed-effects correct for a downward bias in the estimated finance wage premium. Our results indicate a sizable finance wage premium for both fixed- and full-hourly wages. The complementarity between ICT capital spending and the share of high skill workers at the firm-level reduces the full-wage premium considerably and the fixed-wage premium almost entirely

Polarization-correlated photon pairs from a single ion

In the fluorescence light of a single atom, the probability for emission of a photon with certain polarization depends on the polarization of the photon emitted immediately before it. Here correlations of such kind are investigated with a single trapped calcium ion by means of second order correlation functions. A theoretical model is developed and fitted to the experimental data, which show 91% probability for the emission of polarization-correlated photon pairs within 24 ns.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure