Effect of Piper betle and Brucea javanica on the Differential Expression of Hyphal Wall Protein (HWP1) in Non-Candida albicans Candida (NCAC) Species

The study aimed to identify the HWP1 gene in non-Candida albicans Candida species and the differential expression of HWP1 following treatment with Piper betle and Brucea javanica aqueous extracts. All candidal suspensions were standardized to 1 x 10(6) cells/mL. The suspension was incubated overnight at 37 degrees C (C. parapsilosis, 35 degrees C). Candidal cells were treated with each respective extract at 1, 3, and 6 mg/mL for 24 h. The total RNA was extracted and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was carried out with a specific primer of HWP1. HWP1 mRNAs were only detected in C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. Exposing the cells to the aqueous extracts has affected the expression of HWP1 transcripts. C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis have demonstrated different intensity of mRNA. Compared to P. betle, B. javanica demonstrated a higher suppression on the transcript levels of HWP1 in all samples. HWP1 was not detected in C. albicans following the treatment of B. javanica at 1 mg/mL. In contrast, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis were shown to have HWP1 regulation. However, the expression levels were reduced upon the addition of higher concentration of B. javanica extract. P. betle and B. javanica have potential to be developed as oral health product.Article Link : http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2013/397268

Bacteria from contaminated urban and hilly areas as a source of polyhydroxyalkanoates production

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production and extraction of different bacterial strains isolated from contaminated urban and hilly areas was conducted. The 30 bacterial isolates were Gram negative andbelonged to Pseudomonas, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia and Enterobacter genera. Bacterial level of resistance against antibiotics (Penicillin) and heavy metals (zinc, cadmium and copper) was determined. Bacterial isolates from contaminated urban areas were found to be more resistant. The screening for PHA production was done by the Sudan black staining. Among the urban area isolates, U17, U8 and U9 produced highest concentration of PHA (50.4, 40.6 and 37.9%) while in hilly areaisolates H8, H6 and H9 showed highest production (45.8, 42.4 and 37.6%) by SDS digestion method. The percentage production was lowered when the extraction was done by sodium hypochlorite digestion method. Selected bacterial strains were optimized for PHA production at different growth conditions that is, pH, temperature and carbon sources. Bacterial isolates U8, U17 and H8 produced maximum amount of PHA 74, 69 and 59%, respectively, at pH 7, 37°C and using cooking oil as carbon source after 72 h. PHA polymerase phaC1/C2 genes were successfully amplified from genomic DNA of three bacterial isolates showing 540 bp DNA fragment which confirmed the presence of phaC1/C2 gene presence. It showed that the corresponding bacterial isolates would have been able to synthesizemedium chain length PHA

Pemasaran Garam Rakyat (Studi Kasus Desa Lembung, Kecamatan Galis, Kabupaten Pamekasan, Jawa Timur)

Salt is a strategic and high economic valued commodity because it is needed in every human food as a main raw material. The purpose of this research was to analyze marketing channels, function, structure and marketing institutions of farmer salt commodity and to analyze the efficiency of farmer salt marketing in anymarketing channel using marketing margin, farmer's share and benefit cost ratio approach. The research showed that there were main channels, the formation of which was based on the starting point of the distribution with different institutions, functions and market structure in each channel. The result of operational efficiency analysis indicator and qualitative indicator showed that all marketing channels were inefficient. This was due to the fact that farmers had a role as a price taker and price fixing tended to be unfair because farmer had a weak bargaining power. Thus, goverment role was hoped to change farmers‘roles and improve the presence of farmer groups to increase farmer prosperity

Enhanced Payload Data Reduction Approach for Cluster Head (CH) Nodes

In this paper, we suggested two approaches to minimizing the CH packet size by considering the accuracy of prediction of sensed data at the base station. The proposed coding schemes based relative difference (CS-RD) and based the factor of precision (CS-FP) instead of the absolute change method that has been used in recent work. The aim is to enhance the accuracy of prediction data at the base station. Therefore, the performance metric was evaluated in term of the accuracy of prediction data at the base station. Simulation results showed that the proposed approaches performed better in term of the accuracy of prediction data at the base station. Specifically, the distortion percentage and average Absolut error in the CS-RD and CS-FP method decreased by 50% and 88% better than the current new aggregation method (ADATDC). However, our proposed CS-FP showed a low reduction ratio for some states

Statefinder Parameter for Varying G in Three Fluid System

In this work, we have considered variable G in flat FRW universe filled with the mixture of dark energy, dark matter and radiation. If there is no interaction between the three fluids, the deceleration parameter and statefinder parameters have been calculated in terms of dimensionless density parameters which can be fixed by observational data. Also the interaction between three fluids has been analyzed due to constant $G$. The statefinder parameters also calculated in two cases: pressure is constant and pressure is variable.Comment: 5 pages, Accepted for publication in "Astrophysics and Space Science

Power-law entropy-corrected HDE and NADE in Brans-Dicke cosmology

Considering the power-law corrections to the black hole entropy, which appear in dealing with the entanglement of quantum fields inside and outside the horizon, the holographic energy density is modified accordingly. In this paper we study the power-law entropy-corrected holographic dark energy in the framework of Brans-Dicke theory. We investigate the cosmological implications of this model in detail. We also perform the study for the new agegraphic dark energy model and calculate some relevant cosmological parameters and their evolution. {As a result we find that this model can provide the present cosmic acceleration and even the equation of state parameter of this model can cross the phantom line $w_D=-1$ provided the model parameters are chosen suitably}.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure, accepted by IJT

Correlations of Heavy Quarks Produced at Large Hadron Collider

We study the correlations of heavy quarks produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions and find them to be quite sensitive to the effects of the medium and the production mechanisms. In order to put this on a quantitative footing, as a first step, we analyze the azimuthal, transverse momentum, and rapidity correlations of heavy quark-anti quark ($Q\overline{Q}$) pairs in $pp$ collisions at $\cal{O}$($\alpha_{s}^{3}$). This sets the stage for the identification and study of medium modification of similar correlations in relativistic collision of heavy nuclei at the Large Hadron Collider. Next we study the additional production of charm quarks in heavy ion collisions due to multiple scatterings, {\it viz.}, jet-jet collisions, jet-thermal collisions, and thermal interactions. We find that these give rise to azimuthal correlations which are quite different from those arising from prompt initial production at leading order and at next to leading order.Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures. Three new figures added, comparison to experimental data included, abstract and discussion expande

Notes on dark energy interacting with dark matter and unparticle in loop quantum cosmology

We investigate the behavior of dark energy interacting with dark matter and unparticle in the framework of loop quantum cosmology. In four toy models, we study the interaction between the cosmic components by choosing different coupling functions representing the interaction. We found that there are only two attractor solutions namely dark energy dominated and dark matter dominated Universe. The other two models are unstable, as they predict either a dark energy filled Universe or one completely devoid of it.Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures. v2: Minor revisions, matches published versio

Analisis Efektivitas Penerimaan Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan Bangunan dan Kontribusinya terhadap Pendapatan Pajak Daerah (Studi pada Dinas Pendapatan Daerah Kota Malang Periode 2011-2014)

BPHTB is a potential local tax at Malang. Realization BPHTB at Malang has always managed to exceed the planned target, but the other still a lot of problems that make collecting BPHTB not optimal. Percentage contribution of BPHTB to the Local Tax Revenue is great, BPHTB become a tax that dominates Total Local Tax Revenue. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of BPHTB, and it contribution to the Local Tax Revenues in Malang. The type of research is descriptive with qualitative approach. The results show that the level of effectiveness of BPHTB in Malang during the years 2011-2014 has been very good with an average 121.94%, but based on the survey results in mind that a lot of potential BPHTB that has not been optimized. Contribution of BPHTB to the Local Tax Revenue at Malang in 2011-2014 has been good with an average 44.49%, This happens because the transaction on acquisition of land and buildings at Malang high, it causing of continued increase in property prices at Malang. The situation is feared impact on poor people increasingly can not afford to buy housing at Malang

Cosmic coincidence problem and variable constants of physics

The standard model of cosmology is investigated using time dependent cosmological constant $\Lambda$ and Newton's gravitational constant $G$. The total energy content is described by the modified Chaplygin gas equation of state. It is found that the time dependent constants coupled with the modified Chaplygin gas interpolate between the earlier matter to the later dark energy dominated phase of the universe. We also achieve a convergence of parameter $\omega\to-1$, with minute fluctuations, showing an evolving $\omega$. Thus our model fairly alleviates the cosmic coincidence problem which demands $\omega=-1$ at present time.Comment: 27 pages, 15 figure