4,848 research outputs found
Wein und Krebs â was zeigt die epidemiologie?
Azetaldehyd, das Abbauprodukt des Alkohols, besitzt ein krebsförderndes Potenzial und kann das Risiko fĂŒr verschiedene Krebsformen in AbhĂ€ngigkeit der genetischen Ausstattung, der konsumierten Menge und verschiedener Lebensstilfaktoren erhöhen. Zahlreiche Langzeitbeobachtungsstudien (Kohortenstudien) haben diese ZusammenhĂ€nge ĂŒberprĂŒft.
FĂŒr erhöhten Konsum und vor allem fĂŒr Alkoholmissbrauch ist ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko fĂŒr verschiedene Krebsformen und ein erhöhtes Gesamt-Krebsrisiko gezeigt worden. Im Allgemeinen fanden sich fĂŒr Spirituosenkonsum höhere Risiken als fĂŒr Wein- und Bierkonsum. Hingegen finden sich fĂŒr leichten bis moderaten Alkohol- und vor allem fĂŒr Weinkonsum divergierende Ergebnisse. Manche Krebsformen gehen in diesem Konsumbereich sogar mit einem signifikant geminderten Risiko im Vergleich zu Alkoholabstinenz einher.
Eine aktuelle Meta-Analyse der Kohortenstudien weist fĂŒr leichten Konsum (bis zu 1 Drink/Tag) sogar eine Senkung des Gesamt-Krebsrisikos aus. Eine weitere aktuelle Meta-Analyse fand bei leichtem Konsum allein fĂŒr Brustkrebs und bei MĂ€nnern fĂŒr Kolorektal-Karzinom leicht erhöhte Risiken, doch in keinem Krebsbereich ein erhöhtes Sterblichkeitsrisiko.
Eine ĂŒberzeugende Datenlage findet andererseits bei leichtem bis moderatem Konsum eine Senkung des Risikos fĂŒr kardiovaskulĂ€re Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus, Gallenstein, Osteoporose und Demenzerkrankungen. Folglich mĂŒssen bei der Diskussion um die gesundheitliche Problematik des Konsums alkoholischer GetrĂ€nke diese âSchutzeffekteâ den genannten Risiken gegenĂŒbergestellt werden. Die gĂŒnstigsten Effekte beobachtet man im Rahmen eines mediterranen Trinkmusters, das sich durch regelmĂ€Ăigen Konsum â vor allem von Wein â zum Essen, in moderater Menge und ohne Alkoholexzesse auszeichnet
What catch data can tell us about the status of global fisheries
The only available data set on the catches of global fisheries are the official landings reported annually by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Attempts to detect and interpret trends in these data have been criticized as being both technically and conceptually flawed. Here, we explore and refute these claims. We show explicitly that trends in catch data are not an artifact of the applied method and are consistent with trends in biomass data of fully assessed stocks. We also show that, while comprehensive stock assessments are the preferred method for evaluating single stocks, they are a biased subsample of the stocks in a given area, strongly underestimating the percentage of collapsed stocks. We concur with a recent assessment-based analysis by FAO that the increasing trends in the percentage of overexploited, depleted, and recovering stocks and the decreasing trends in underexploited and moderately exploited stocks give cause for concern. We show that these trends are much more pronounced if all available data are considered
Study protocol of the LARK (TROG 17.03) clinical trial: a phase II trial investigating the dosimetric impact of Liver Ablative Radiotherapy using Kilovoltage intrafraction monitoring
BACKGROUND: Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) is a non-invasive treatment which allows delivery of an ablative radiation dose with high accuracy and precision. SABR is an established treatment for both primary and secondary liver malignancies, and technological advances have improved its efficacy and safety. Respiratory motion management to reduce tumour motion and image guidance to achieve targeting accuracy are crucial elements of liver SABR. This phase II multi-institutional TROG 17.03 study, Liver Ablative Radiotherapy using Kilovoltage intrafraction monitoring (LARK), aims to investigate and assess the dosimetric impact of the KIM real-time image guidance technology. KIM utilises standard linear accelerator equipment and therefore has the potential to be a widely available real-time image guidance technology for liver SABR. METHODS: Forty-six patients with either hepatocellular carcinoma or oligometastatic disease to the liver suitable for and treated with SABR using Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring (KIM) guidance will be included in the study. The dosimetric impact will be assessed by quantifying accumulated patient dose distribution with or without the KIM intervention. The patient treatment outcomes of local control, toxicity and quality of life will be measured. DISCUSSION: Liver SABR is a highly effective treatment, but precise dose delivery is challenging due to organ motion. Currently, there is a lack of widely available options for performing real-time tumour localisation to assist with accurate delivery of liver SABR. This study will provide an assessment of the impact of KIM as a potential solution for real-time image guidance in liver SABR. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered on December 7th 2016 on ClinicalTrials.gov under the trial-ID NCT02984566
A straw drift chamber spectrometer for studies of rare kaon decays
We describe the design, construction, readout, tests, and performance of
planar drift chambers, based on 5 mm diameter copperized Mylar and Kapton
straws, used in an experimental search for rare kaon decays. The experiment
took place in the high-intensity neutral beam at the Alternating Gradient
Synchrotron of Brookhaven National Laboratory, using a neutral beam stop, two
analyzing dipoles, and redundant particle identification to remove backgrounds
Disease Progression in 282 Patients with Undifferentiated SSc â Data from The German Network for Systemic Scleroderma
Search for the Weak Decay of an H Dibaryon
We have searched for a neutral dibaryon decaying via and
. Our search has yielded two candidate events from which we set
an upper limit on the production cross section. Normalizing to the
inclusive production cross section, we find at 90% C.L., for an of mass
2.15 GeV/.Comment: 11 pages, 6 postscript figures, epsfig, aps, preprint, revte
First Observation of the Rare Decay Mode K-long -> e+ e-
In an experiment designed to search for and study very rare two-body decay
modes of the K-long, we have observed four examples of the decay K-long -> e+
e-, where the expected background is 0.17+-0.10 events. This observation
translates into a branching fraction of 8.7^{+5.7}_{-4.1} X 10^{-12},
consistent with recent theoretical predictions. This result represents by far
the smallest branching fraction yet measured in particle physics.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
O314 Predicting the short-term risk of diabetes in HIV-infected patients in the D:A:D cohort: the D:A:D study group
n/
Expansion of oxygen minimum zones may reduce available habitat for tropical pelagic fishes
Climate model predictions1, 2 and observations3, 4 reveal regional declines in oceanic dissolved oxygen, which are probably influenced by global warming5. Studies indicate ongoing dissolved oxygen depletion and vertical expansion of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the tropical northeast Atlantic Ocean6, 7. OMZ shoaling may restrict the usable habitat of billfishes and tunas to a narrow surface layer8, 9. We report a decrease in the upper ocean layer exceeding 3.5âmlâlâ1 dissolved oxygen at a rate of â€1âmâyrâ1 in the tropical northeast Atlantic (0â25°âN, 12â30°âW), amounting to an annual habitat loss of ~5.95Ă1013âm3, or 15% for the period 1960â2010. Habitat compression and associated potential habitat loss was validated using electronic tagging data from 47 blue marlin. This phenomenon increases vulnerability to surface fishing gear for billfishes and tunas8, 9, and may be associated with a 10â50% worldwide decline of pelagic predator diversity10. Further expansion of the Atlantic OMZ along with overfishing may threaten the sustainability of these valuable pelagic fisheries and marine ecosystems
DBA2J db/db mice are susceptible to early albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis that correlates with systemic insulin resistance
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney failure in the world. To understand important mechanisms underlying this condition, and to develop new therapies, good animal models are required. In mouse models of type 1 diabetes, the DBA/2J strain has been shown to be more susceptible to develop kidney disease than other common strains. We hypothesized this would also be the case in type 2 diabetes. We studied db/db and wild-type (wt) DBA/2J mice and compared these with the db/db BLKS/J mouse, which is currently the most widely used type 2 DN model. Mice were analyzed from age 6 to 12 wk for systemic insulin resistance, albuminuria, and glomerular histopathological and ultrastructural changes. Body weight and nonfasted blood glucose were increased by 8 wk in both genders, while systemic insulin resistance commenced by 6 wk in female and 8 wk in male db/db DBA/2J mice. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was closely linked to systemic insulin resistance in both sexes and was increased ~50-fold by 12 wk of age in the db/db DBA/2J cohort. Glomerulosclerosis, foot process effacement, and glomerular basement membrane thickening were observed at 12 wk of age in db/db DBA/2J mice. Compared with db/db BLKS/J mice, db/db DBA/2J mice had significantly increased levels of urinary ACR, but similar glomerular histopathological and ultrastructural changes. The db/db DBA/2J mouse is a robust model of early-stage albuminuric DN, and its levels of albuminuria correlate closely with systemic insulin resistance. This mouse model will be helpful in defining early mechanisms of DN and ultimately the development of novel therapies. </jats:p
- âŠ