Flavonoidi iz cvetova Cephalaria pastricensis i njihova antiradikalska aktivnost

Two flavonoid glycosides 1 and 2 having the luteolin structure were isolated from flowers of the endemic plant species Cephalaria pastricensis. They were identified by (1)H and (13)C NMR, as well as UV/Vis spectroscopy. The structures of 1 and 2 were also confirmed by the spectral data of aglycones and TLC of the sugars obtained after acid hydrolysis. Flavones 1 and 2 showed significant antiradical activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.Iz cvetova Cephalaria pastricensis izolovana su dva heterozidna flavonoida sa luteolinskim aglikonom (1 i 2). Wihova struktura je određena primenom 1H i 13C-NMR i UV spektroskopije. Strukture flavona 1 i 2 su potvrđene i spektrima aglikona, odnosno tankoslojnom hromatografijom oslobođenih šećera nakon kisele hidrolize. Jedinjenja 1 i 2 su pokazala značajnu antiradikalsku aktivnost u 1,1-difenil-2 pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) testu

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from seven wild-growing Senecio species in Serbia and Montenegro

The genus Senecio (family Asteraceae) is one of the largest in the world. It comprises about 1100 species which are the rich source of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids are among the most important sources of human and animal exposure to plant toxins and carcinogens. The pyrrolizidine alkaloids of seven Senecio species (S. erucifolius, S. othonnae, S. wagneri, S. subalpinus, S. carpathicus, S. paludosus and S. rupestris) were studied. Fourteen alkaloids were isolated and their structures determined from spectroscopic data (1H- and 13C-NMR, IR and MS). Five of them were identified in S. erucifolius, four in S. othonnae, two in S. wagneri, four in S. subalpinus, two in S. carpathicus, three in S. paludosus and three in S. rupestris. Seven pyrrolizidine alkaloids were found for the first time in particular species. The results have chemotaxonomic importance. The cytotoxic activity and antimicrobial activity of some alkaloids were also studied

The bear in Eurasian plant names: Motivations and models

Ethnolinguistic studies are important for understanding an ethnic group's ideas on the world, expressed in its language. Comparing corresponding aspects of such knowledge might help clarify problems of origin for certain concepts and words, e.g. whether they form common heritage, have an independent origin, are borrowings, or calques. The current study was conducted on the material in Slavonic, Baltic, Germanic, Romance, Finno-Ugrian, Turkic and Albanian languages. The bear was chosen as being a large, dangerous animal, important in traditional culture, whose name is widely reflected in folk plant names. The phytonyms for comparison were mostly obtained from dictionaries and other publications, and supplemented with data from databases, the co-authors' field data, and archival sources (dialect and folklore materials). More than 1200 phytonym use records (combinations of a local name and a meaning) for 364 plant and fungal taxa were recorded to help find out the reasoning behind bear-nomination in various languages, as well as differences and similarities between the patterns among them. Among the most common taxa with bear-related phytonyms were Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Heracleum sphondylium L., Acanthus mollis L., and Allium ursinum L., with Latin loan translation contributing a high proportion of the phytonyms. Some plants have many and various bear-related phytonyms, while others have only one or two bear names. Features like form and/or surface generated the richest pool of names, while such features as colour seemed to provoke rather few associations with bears. The unevenness of bear phytonyms in the chosen languages was not related to the size of the language nor the present occurence of the Brown Bear in the region. However, this may, at least to certain extent, be related to the amount of the historical ethnolinguistic research done on the selected languages

Covalent glycophospholipid binding to hemoglobin. A new post-translational modification occurring in erythrocytes exposed to insulin

In this work a novel hitherto unrecognised hemoglobin (Hb) fraction, HbA1x, which we detected previously in hemolysates of erythrocytes exposed to high concentration of insulin under hypoglycemic conditions, both in vivo and in vitro, was analysed. Both β chains of Hb in HbA1x were found to be modified by covalent binding of a substance containing sugar, phosphate and fatty acid residues. HbA1x was therefore termed glycophospholipid (GPL) adduct (Hb-GPL). To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such modification of Hb, as well as the first demonstration of post-translational GPL binding to proteins in response to insulin binding to a cell. The mechanism proposed for Hb-GPL formation is briefly described

Il vocabolario di tre nobilissimi linguaggi italiano, illirico e latino, con l\u2019aggiunta di molt\u2019erbe semplici, raccolto dal Molto Reverendo Signor Don Giovanni Tanzlingher.

Si tratta dell'edizione elettronica di un manoscritto (un vocabolario italiano, croato, latino) risalente alla fine del XVII-inizi XVIII. Il manoscritto consta di 1316 pagine. L'edizione elettronica include anche la fotografia digitale del manoscritto. L'edizione elettronica \ue8 stata curata dal Centro SIGNUM della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa

Parthenolide from the aerial parts of Tanacetum larvatum

The genus Tanacetum L. comprises ca 150 species that commonly occur in Europe from the Mediterranean to Persia. Tanacetum larvatum (Gris.) Kanitz, the examination of which is reported, is distributed on elevated rocky terrains in Albania, Serbia (Kosovo) and Montenegro. Aerial parts of T. larvatum were collected in Montenegro on two locations: crop a on mountain Komovi (altitutude 1800 m, 12 July 1998) and crop b on mountain Babji Zub (altitude ca 1500 m, 30 June 1999)

Highly oxygenated guaianolides from Anthemis carpatica

The genus Anthemis L. (family Asteraceae, tribe Anthemidae) comprises about 130 species that commonly occur in the Mediterranean, although some also can be found in southwest Asia and South Africa.(1) In Serbia nine species are known.(2) Three main classes of compounds of chemosystematic interest, such as polyacetylenes, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactones, typical for Anthemidae, have been detected in the genus Anthemis.(3,4) Among the sesquiterpene lactones, only three types, that is, germacranolides (and seco-germacranolides),(5-15) eudesmanolides,(16,17) and guaianolides,(5,14,18,19) 19 have been isolated from the genus. The exception is an allergenic lactone with unusual structure (anthecotuloide), the constituent of A. cotula.(20,21) Continuing our chemotaxonomic examinations of the Yugoslavian flora belonging to Asteraceae and our search for new compounds of pharmacological interest, we now report the investigation of the aerial parts of Anthemis carpatica Willd, a species usually occurring at elevated, shady and grassy, sandy terrains of the Balkan Peninsula, eastern Alps, and east Carpathian Mountains.(2) A flavonoid quercetin(22) (leaves) and polyacetylenes(4) (roots) are the only secondary metabolites reported for A. carpatica

Essential oil of achillea coarctata

Essential oil of Achillea coarctata Poir. was investigated for yield and composition. Sixty identified compounds in the oil constituted 79-3% of the oil. The main compounds of the oil were: caryophyllene oxide (9.0%), 1,8-cineole (8.5%) and trans-linalool oxide (7.2%). © 1999, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved

Sesquiterpene lactones from the aerial parts of Inula oculus-christi

Pulchellin E (1) and gaillardin (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula oculus-christi, along with the flavone hispidulin. The C-13-NMR chemical shifts of 1 and 2 are reported. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Essential oil of pinus heldreichii, needles

Needle oils of Pinus heldreichii Christ, produced from five different growth stages at two different locations in Serbia were examined for yield and composition during 1994. Although only ten components were identified in the oil, the main constituents were limonene (20.26–25.15%), germacrene D (42.6445.42%) and β-caryophyllene (10.58–13.32%). The richness of the oil in germacrene D has chemotaxonomic difference implications. © 1996, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved