Development of the algorithm for aircraft control at inaccurate measurement of the state vector and variable accuracy parameter

A parametric method of the synthesis of control in the closed circuit, taking into account explicitly generalized error of the inertial module, is presented. The law of control in the form of analytical formulas is typically assigned to the control program and does not change during flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle. This decreases the capabilities of the autonomous flight control system to overcome control errors, which occur for various reasons. To verify assumptions about a possibility of improving the accuracy of an aerial vehicle control by the data of the strapdown inertial navigation system on a certain time interval of autonomous operation, the calculation experiment was conducted with the use of the developed software complex, simulating operation of the automatic flight control system. Parametrization of the law of control is considered as the main contribution (the outcome). Introduction of the parameter made it possible to decrease a negative impact of measurement errors and other disturbing factors on accuracy of reaching by the point of flight destination. Through computer modeling, it was shown that it is possible to decrease the impact of a generalized measurement error on generation of values of control functions by changing the value of the parameter. Analytical expressions for the estimation of accuracy of automatic control at the known generalized error of the inertial module and limited disturbing influences were obtained. After analyzing the influence of these factors on accuracy of the object control, a set of recommendations on selection of a variable parameter of synthesis of control depending on precision level of the sensors, used in the inertial module of measuring sensors, was generated.Розглянуто розв’язання термінальної задачі управління та синтезований параметризований закон управління в аналітичному вигляді, який залежить від змінного параметра глибини прогнозу. Досліджено особливості впливу величини параметра управління на точність досягнення кінцевої точки, дані рекомендації з вибору параметра для нівелювання помилки інерційних вимірювань. Синтез управління здійснюється методом переслідування ведучої точки за інформацією, отриманою інтегруванням вимірювань фактичного прискорення і містить помилку, характерну для акселерометрів

Measurement of Time Resolution of Scintillation Detectors with EQR-15 Silicon Photodetectors for the Time-of-Flight Neutron Detector of the BM@N Experiment

To study the dependence of the equation of state of high density nuclear matter on the term characterizing the isospin (proton-neutron) asymmetry of nuclear matter, it is necessary to measure azimuthal flow of neutrons as well as azimuthal flow of charged particles from a dense nuclear matter in the nuclear-nuclear collisions. For this purpose INR RAS is developing a new high-granular neutron detector which will be used in the BM@N experiment at the extracted beam of the Nuclotron accelerator at JINR (Dubna). This detector will identify neutrons and measure their energies in the heavy-ion collisions up to 4 GeV per nucleon. This article presents the results of measurements of the time resolution and light yields of samples of scintillation detectors with sizes 40$\times$40$\times$25 mm$^3$ that will be used in a neutron detector based on the currently available fast plastic scintillator manufactured by JINR using an EQR15 11-6060D-S photodetector for light readout. For comparison, the results of measurements for a detector of the same size with a fast scintillator EJ-230 and with the same type of photodetector are given. The measurements were made on cosmic muons as well as on the electron synchrotron "Pakhra" of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences located in Troitsk, Moscow

The use of endovascular thrombectomy among the patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by the occlusion of large cerebral vessels

The effectiveness and complications of endovascular thrombectomy were analyzed. The obtained results show the reduction in mortality and disability among the patients after endovascular treatmen

MODELLING HEAT GENERATION DURING FRICTION AND VISCOPLASTIC DEFORMATION BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE YENISEI SHEAR ZONE (EASTERN SIBERIA)

Deviations of the РТ parameters from the background values, corresponding to the lithostatic pressure and the standard geotherm characteristic of the neighboring crustal blocks of the Yenisei Ridge, were recorded by geothermobarometry in the zones of dislocation metamorphism of the Yenisei regional shear zone (Eastern Siberia). To explain the reason for large deviations from metamorphic conditions for shear and collision, we worked out 3D and 2D thermomechanical numerical models. The paper presents two- and three-dimensional models of dissipative heating during friction and visco-plastic deformations. The modelling results are compared with geological observations on the metamorphic grade and the scale of deformations of the Yenisei regional shear zone. A detailed consideration is being given to the ratio of heat released during friction at the contact of shear fault blocks, or during viscous deformations of the rheologically layered zone of tectonic flow and blastomylonitization. Estimates of the magnitude of dissipative heating are obtained for typical parameters of shear zones. The model of viscous deformation of a shear zone of finite width, taking into account the rheological layering of the crust, predicts dissipative heating by 200–310 °C at strain rates of 2–4 cm/year. The model of obduction of the tectonic plate with a thrusting velocity of 5 cm/year yields estimates of frictional heating of rocks at the contact of blocks no higher than 130–190 °C. The characteristic time period of the stationary dissipative regime formation is 6–8 million years. Dissipative heating could be a heat source for the metamorphic complexes of the Yenisei regional shear zone, though melting conditions of metapelite were not attained

Treatment of children with chemical burns of esophagus with various etiology

Background. At present continuous growth of pathology after chemical burns of the esophagus (CBE) in children is observed. The lack of uniform statistical information about this pathology in domestic and foreign literature considerably complicates studying of that nosology. The purpose of the present study is optimization of treatment techniques in children with chemical burns of the esophagus with various etiology and generalization of our own experience of treatment in this contingent of patients.Material and methods. We have analyzed treatment techniques in 147 children with CBE with various etiology and severity for last decade. The general method of diagnosis was esophagogastroscopy performed within the first day of hospitalization. Endoscopic examination showed following stages of CBE: I stage in 36 patients, II stage in 67 cases and 44 patients had III stage.Results. In children with I stage CBE erosive inflammatory process was controlled by conservative therapy in 10–14 days. This cohort of patients from 3–4 day of disease was considered outpatient. Patients with II stage CBE erosive inflammatory changes were treated by complex therapy on 21–23 day. There were surgical complications observed.    Patients with III stage CBE referred in most severe condition. Length of conservative treatment for erosive  inflammatory process was 1 month. In this group of patients we observed complications in 24 cases (16.3%) and bougienage was performed according to different techniques. Duration of bougienage varied from 3 to 24 months. Later on all children were observed out-patiently according to the place of residence.Conclusions. Performed therapy should be complex and differentiated regarding the severity of trauma. Complex treatment technique designed in our hospital is quite efficient and could be recommended for clinical application. All children suffered from CBE are to be followed up refularly. Preventive medical check-up should include endoscopic examination, once every three months to avoid possible esophageal stenosis development. Preventive treatment for esophagitis is mandatory during the period of preventive medical check-up

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛОГЕНЕРАЦИИ ПРИ ТРЕНИИ И ВЯЗКОПЛАСТИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕФОРМАЦИИ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПРИЕНИСЕЙСКОЙ СДВИГОВОЙ ЗОНЫ (ВОСТОЧНАЯ СИБИРЬ)

Deviations of the РТ parameters from the background values, corresponding to the lithostatic pressure and the standard geotherm characteristic of the neighboring crustal blocks of the Yenisei Ridge, were recorded by geothermobarometry in the zones of dislocation metamorphism of the Yenisei regional shear zone (Eastern Siberia). To explain the reason for large deviations from metamorphic conditions for shear and collision, we worked out 3D and 2D thermomechanical numerical models. The paper presents two- and three-dimensional models of dissipative heating during friction and visco-plastic deformations. The modelling results are compared with geological observations on the metamorphic grade and the scale of deformations of the Yenisei regional shear zone. A detailed consideration is being given to the ratio of heat released during friction at the contact of shear fault blocks, or during viscous deformations of the rheologically layered zone of tectonic flow and blastomylonitization. Estimates of the magnitude of dissipative heating are obtained for typical parameters of shear zones. The model of viscous deformation of a shear zone of finite width, taking into account the rheological layering of the crust, predicts dissipative heating by 200–310 °C at strain rates of 2–4 cm/year. The model of obduction of the tectonic plate with a thrusting velocity of 5 cm/year yields estimates of frictional heating of rocks at the contact of blocks no higher than 130–190 °C. The characteristic time period of the stationary dissipative regime formation is 6–8 million years. Dissipative heating could be a heat source for the metamorphic complexes of the Yenisei regional shear zone, though melting conditions of metapelite were not attained.В зонах дислокационного неопротерозойского метаморфизма Приенисейской региональной сдвиговой зоны (ПРСЗ) (Восточная Сибирь) геотермобарометрическими методами зафиксированы отклонения РТ-параметров от фоновых значений, соответствующих литостатическому давлению и стандартной палеогеотерме, характерной для соседних блоков коры Енисейского кряжа. Для объяснения причин значительных отклонений условий метаморфизма при сдвиге и коллизии нами разработаны 3D и 2D термомеханические численные модели. В работе представлены результаты двух- и трехмерного моделирования диссипативного нагрева при трении и вязкопластических деформациях. Результаты моделирования сравниваются с геологическими данными о степени метаморфизма и масштабе деформаций ПРСЗ. Детально рассматривается вопрос о соотношении величины тепловыделения при трении на контакте блоков сдвиговых разломов либо при вязких деформациях в реологически расслоенной зоне тектонического течения и бластомилонитизации. Получены оценки величины диссипативного нагрева при типичных параметрах сдвиговых зон, а также с учетом наличия расплава. Модель вязкого деформирования сдвиговой зоны конечной ширины в неоднородной по реологии и составу коре предсказывает диссипативный нагрев на 200–310 °С при скорости деформации 2–4 см/год. Модель обдукции тектонической пластины со скоростью надвигания 5 см/год дает оценки нагрева пород при трении на контакте блоков не более 130–190 °С. Характерное время установления стационарного режима диссипативного нагрева в режиме сдвига составляет 6–8 млн лет. Для метаморфических комплексов ПРСЗ диссипативный нагрев мог являться тепловым источником метаморфизма и мигматизации, однако условия формирования крупных гранитных интрузий не достигались

Analysis of hot D2O emission using spectroscopically determined potentials

Fourier transform emission spectra of D2O vapor were recorded at a temperature of 1500 °C in the wavenumber range 380–1880 cm–1. 15 346 lines were measured, of which the majority were identified as belonging to D2O. The spectrum was analyzed using variational nuclear motion calculations based on spectroscopically determined potential-energy surfaces. Initial assignments were made using a potential surface obtained by fitting a high accuracy ab initio potential. The new assignments were used to refine the potential surface, resulting in additional assignments. A total of 6400 D2O transitions were assigned and 2144 new D2O energy levels were obtained. Transitions involving the 42 and 52 bending states, with band origins of 4589.30 (±0.02) and 5679.6 (±0.1) cm–1, respectively, were assigned for the first time

Фізико-математична модель визначення напрямку у просторі на точкові джерела гамма-випромінювання з використанням кульового поглинача

Physico-mathematical model for determining the direction in space to point sources of gamma radiation using a spherical absorber was developed. CdTe detectors of appropriate sizes are placed in the regular pyramid tops under absorber. The physico-mathematical model allowed, taking into account the exponential attenuation of gamma radiation by the absorber, to find the distance from the location of any CdTe sensor to the surface of sphere in any direction in space. Calculated information and signal received from the detectors, correlate to each other. The ratios found depend on the angle to the source of gamma radiation and represent the ratio of transmittance coefficients for four sensors. A methodology for locating the developed device in space, which allowed to obtain dependence of the calculated ratios from the angle in space for θ = 90° and φ from 0 to 360° in increments of 15° was proposed. Each direction in space corresponds to a set of six respective ratios.Розроблено фізико-математичну модель визначення напрямку на точкові джерела гамма-випромінювання у просторі з використанням кульового поглинача. Детектори з CdTe необхідного розміру розміщують у вершинах правильної піраміди під поглиначем. Фізико-математична модель дозволила з зрахуванням експоненційного ослаблення гамма-випромінювання поглиначем знаходити відстань від розташування будь-якого CdTe датчика до поверхні кулі у будь-якому напрямі у просторі. Розраховану інформацію-сигнал, що отримано від детекторів, співвідносять один до одного. Знайдені співвідношення залежать від кута на джерело гамма-випромінювання та являють собою відношення коефіцієнтів пропускання для чотирьох датчиків. Запропоновано методику розташування розробленого засобу у просторі, що дозволила отримати залежність розрахованих співвідношень від кута в просторі для θ = 90° та φ від 0° до 360° з кроком 15°. Кожному напрямку у просторі відповідає набір з шістьох відповідних співвідношень

Валидация методики количественного определения наркотических и психотропных веществ в моче методом СВЭЖХ-МС/МС

Objectives. To validate a new method for the quantitative determination of 31 potent and narcotic substances and their metabolites in urine that meets the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 using a fast and highly sensitive method of chromato-mass spectrometry with a view to introducing such a method into the routine practice of the National Anti-Doping Laboratory of the Lomonosov Moscow State University (NADL MSU).Methods. Urine samples soldered with standard solutions were analyzed using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS).Results. Diagnostic precursor/ion-product pairs and collision energies were established to allow unambiguous identification of the analyzed substances. During sample preparation, hydrolysis conditions were optimized. Selectivity, linearity, limits of qualitative determination, limit of quantitative determination (established under the contract with the customer firm), matrix effect, and measurement uncertainty were defined. Systematized data grouped by classes of analytes are given in the final table.Conclusions. The important advantages of the presented technique are the absence of complex and lengthy sample preparation, as well as the short time of the analysis method (about 10 min), which can significantly reduce duration along with labor and analysis costs. The addition of new analytes will ensure the versatility of the technique, as well as expanding its scope. Цели. Валидировать и ввести в рутинную практику НАДЛ МГУ новую, отвечающую требованиям ISO/IEC 17025, методику количественного определения 31 сильнодействующих и наркотических вещества и их метаболитов в моче с использованием быстрого и высокочувствительного метода хромато-масс-спектрометрии.Методы. Анализ спайкованных с растворами стандартов образцов мочи проводили методом сверхэффективной жидкостной хроматографии–тандемной масс-спектрометрии (СВЭЖХ-МС/МС).Результаты. В работе установлены диагностические пары прекурсор/ион-продукт и найдены энергии соударения, позволяющие однозначно идентифицировать анализируемые вещества; оптимизированы условия гидролиза при проведении пробоподготовки; определены селективность, линейность, предел качественного определения, предел количественного определения (установлен в рамках договора с фирмой-заказчиком), эффект матрицы и неопределенность измерения. Систематизированные данные приведены в итоговой таблице и сгруппированы по классам определяемых веществ.Выводы. Представленная методика обладает важными преимуществами – отсутствием сложной и продолжительной пробоподготовки, а также коротким временем метода анализа – около 10 мин, что позволяет существенно снизить трудозатраты, продолжительность и себестоимость анализа. Дополнение новыми определяемыми веществами обеспечит ее универсальность и позволит расширить область применения