Ecological and geographical confinement of rare medicinal plants of forest flora of the Kuznetski Alatau in need of protection

The subject of the study was rare medicinal plants of the forest flora of the Kuznetski Alatau. The species used in officinal, folk and homeopathic medicine were listed as medicinal plants. The list of rare medicinal plants of forest flora of the Kuznetski Alatau in need of protection is recommended on the basis of field research conducted by the author. There are 12 species in the list. The method of regular embedding of key areas and a network of expeditionary routes were used in order to select field data, which enables a reliable estimation of the floristic richness of forest flora of the studied region. Identification of rare species was based on their occurrence and abundance. The basis for ecological and geographical analysis was the assignment of each species by the confinement of its belt and zone to a particular ecological-geographical group. The basis of chronological analysis was assigning each species to a specific geographical group according to a character of areal. The distribution within the Kuznetski Alatau inside geobotanical districts is shown for each species. Endemic and relicts are indicated. Nemoral elements, which are rare in the forests of the Kuznetski Alatau, are attributed to relicts of coniferous-deciduous forests. A complex coenotic character of the studied spectrum of flora, due to substantial participation of species, confined to light coniferous, deciduous and dark coniferous forests, was found. However, the proportion of species of dark coniferous plant communities is considerably inferior to the participation of species associated with cenoses of coniferous and deciduous forests. These exact species are more plastic coenotically and environmentally and they represent the majority of additional, natural mountainous and additional mountainous species

Настойчивость и инициативность: системно-функциональный подход

The article discusses the main provisions of the system-functional approach in the disclosure of such volitional qualities as initiative and persistence. They proved that persistence and initiative in personality structure are the most important components of personality. The key elements to the disclosure of personality volitional traits are its instrumental and semantic characteristics, including dynamic, emotional, regulatory, and reflective-evaluative component.El artículo analiza las principales disposiciones del enfoque funcional del sistema en la divulgación de cualidades volitivas como la iniciativa y la persistencia. Probaron que la persistencia y la iniciativa en la estructura de la personalidad son los componentes más importantes de la personalidad. Los elementos clave para la revelación de los rasgos volitivos de la personalidad son sus características instrumentales y semánticas, que incluyen el componente dinámico, emocional, regulador y reflexivo-evaluativo. В статье рассматриваются основные положения системно-функционального подхода в раскрытии таких волевых качеств как инициативность и настойчивость. Доказывается, что в структуре личности настойчивость и инициативность являются важнейшими компонентами личности. Ключевыми в раскрытии волевых черт личности являются ее инструментально-смысловые характеристики, включающие динамический, эмоциональный, регуляторный, рефлексивно-оценочный компоненты

Genetic diversity affects the daily transcriptional oscillations of marine microbial populations

Marine microbial communities are genetically diverse but have robust synchronized daily transcriptional patterns at the genus level that are similar across a wide variety of oceanic regions. We developed a microarray-inspired gene-centric approach to resolve transcription of closely-related but distinct strains/ecotypes in high-throughput sequence data. Applying this approach to the existing metatranscriptomics datasets collected from two different oceanic regions, we found unique and variable patterns of transcription by individual taxa within the abundant picocyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus, the alpha Proteobacterium Pelagibacter and the eukaryotic picophytoplankton Ostreococcus. The results demonstrate that marine microbial taxa respond differentially to variability in space and time in the ocean. These intra-genus individual transcriptional patterns underlie whole microbial community responses, and the approach developed here facilitates deeper insights into microbial population dynamics

Time perspective and significance of life events in adolescence

This article presents the results of a study of the relationship between the time perspective and themes of significant life events in adolescence. The study involved 1,394 boys and girls aged 14 to 23 years. It was revealed that there is an age-related multidirectional dynamics in the representation of the following periods: “studying at school”, “vocational training”, “professional autonomy”, “future”, “open present”. For example, modern youth associate “learning at school” positively with entertainment and negatively with study and work in the past and with communication and contacts in the future. The period of “professional training” is associated with all significant events in their lives except for events related to entertainment in the future. The period of “professional autonomy” is associated with events aimed at business (including both professional activity and study) both in the past and in the future. All important events in the present depend on the desire to possess some qualities, properties, skills. And at the same time, the significance of communication and entertainment in the past and the importance of entertainment and specific activities (educational and professional) in the future are associated with this desire. The results of the study may be of interest for the organization of work with high school students and students on the formation of a time perspective of the future

Innovation impact analysis model in the education system (on the example of regional innovative projects)

© 2017. This paper elaborates an innovation impact model based on the analysis of the design of innovative projects' competitions ("single customers" (linearity) - "partnerships" (complexity)), and innovative projects' objectives in relation to changes in education features ("conforming" - "transforming"). It presents expert criticism of the innovation impact analysis model and innovation classifications in the process of approbation of the model, indicating the imperfection of the model in terms of considering the "power" of the impact of innovative projects on education features

SOCIALIZAÇÃO DE FUTUROS ESPECIALISTAS NO CONTEXTO DA ABORDAGEM POR COMPETÊNCIAS

The solution of the problems facing the modern Russian society largely depends on the beliefs, expectations, values and attitudes of people that determine their attitude to innovation, content, effectiveness and efficiency of various activities. Social adaptation (active inclusion in the social environment) of the individual assumes as a necessary condition the achievement of a certain level of social competence. The modern social environment has a significant impact on the process of personality formation, causing certain contradictions: on the one hand, socio-cultural modernization necessitates a new approach to the problem of social self-realization of the individual, requiring increased human activity as a subject of social life, taking responsibility for their activities and behavior, but, on the other hand, the instability of modern society increases the natural difficulties of growing up; the situation of uncertainty leads to deformation of personal development, disadaptation in society. Modernization of the education system has led to changes in the content, forms, methods and technologies of education, in connection with which there was a need to assess the results of the functioning of the education system. Analyzing the quality of a modern specialist training, researchers increasingly began to turn to the competencies formed during studying, among which an important place is occupied by social competence, estimated as the most important indicator of professional competence of a specialist in general, and in particular, in the field of economic, labor, social relations.A solução dos problemas enfrentados pela sociedade russa moderna depende em grande parte das crenças, expectativas, valores e atitudes das pessoas que determinam sua atitude em relação à inovação, conteúdo, eficácia e eficiência de várias atividades. A adaptação social (inclusão ativa no ambiente social) do indivíduo assume como condição necessária a conquista de um certo nível de competência social. O ambiente social moderno tem um impacto significativo no processo de formação da personalidade, causando certas contradições: por um lado, a modernização sociocultural requer uma nova abordagem para o problema da auto- realização social do indivíduo, exigindo maior atividade humana como sujeito da vida social, assumindo a responsabilidade por suas atividades e comportamentos, mas, por outro lado, a instabilidade da sociedade moderna aumenta as dificuldades naturais de crescer; a situação de incerteza leva à deformação do desenvolvimento pessoal, à desadaptação na sociedade. A modernização do sistema educacional levou a mudanças no conteúdo, formas, métodos e tecnologias da educação, em relação às quais havia a necessidade de avaliar os resultados do funcionamento do sistema educacional. Analisando a qualidade de um treinamento especializado moderno, os pesquisadores começaram a recorrer cada vez mais às competências formadas durante o estudo, entre as quais um lugar importante é ocupado pela competência social, estimado como o indicador mais importante da competência profissional de um especialista em geral e, em particular, , no campo das relações econômicas, trabalhistas e sociais.La solución de los problemas que enfrenta la sociedad rusa moderna depende en gran medida de las creencias, expectativas, valores y actitudes de las personas que determinan su actitud hacia la innovación, el contenido, la efectividad y la eficiencia de diversas actividades. La adaptación social (inclusión activa en el entorno social) del individuo supone como condición necesaria el logro de un cierto nivel de competencia social. El entorno social moderno tiene un impacto significativo en el proceso de formación de la personalidad, causando ciertas contradicciones: por un lado, la modernización sociocultural requiere un nuevo enfoque del problema de la autorrealización social del individuo, que requiere una mayor actividad humana como un sujeto de la vida social, asumiendo la responsabilidad de sus actividades y comportamiento, pero, por otro lado, la inestabilidad de la sociedad moderna aumenta las dificultades naturales de crecer; La situación de incertidumbre conduce a la deformación del desarrollo personal, la desadaptación en la sociedad. La modernización del sistema educativo ha llevado a cambios en el contenido, las formas, los métodos y las tecnologías de la educación, en relación con lo cual era necesario evaluar los resultados del funcionamiento del sistema educativo. Analizando la calidad de una formación especializada moderna, los investigadores comenzaron a recurrir cada vez más a las competencias formadas durante el estudio, entre las cuales un lugar importante está ocupado por la competencia social, estimado como el indicador más importante de la competencia profesional de un especialista en general, y en particular , en el campo de las relaciones económicas, laborales, sociales

Phytoplankton transcriptomic and physiological responses to fixed nitrogen in the California current system

Marine phytoplankton are responsible for approximately half of photosynthesis on Earth. However, their ability to drive ocean productivity depends on critical nutrients, especially bioavailable nitrogen (N) which is scarce over vast areas of the ocean. Phytoplankton differ in their preferences for N substrates as well as uptake efficiencies and minimal N requirements relative to other critical nutrients, including iron (Fe) and phosphorus. In this study, we used the MicroTOOLs high-resolution environmental microarray to examine transcriptomic responses of phytoplankton communities in the California Current System (CCS) transition zone to added urea, ammonium, nitrate, and also Fe in the late summer when N depletion is common. Transcript level changes of photosynthetic, carbon fixation, and nutrient stress genes indicated relief of N limitation in many strains of Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and eukaryotic phytoplankton. The transcriptomic responses helped explain shifts in physiological and growth responses observed later. All three phytoplankton groups had increased transcript levels of photosynthesis and/or carbon fixation genes in response to all N substrates. However, only Prochlorococcus had decreased transcript levels of N stress genes and grew substantially, specifically after urea and ammonium additions, suggesting that Prochlorococcus outcompeted other community members in these treatments. Diatom transcript levels of carbon fixation genes increased in response to Fe but not to Fe with N which might have favored phytoplankton that were co-limited by N and Fe. Moreover, transcription patterns of closely related strains indicated variability in N utilization, including nitrate utilization by some high-light adapted Prochlorococcus. Finally, up-regulation of urea transporter genes by both Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus in response to filtered deep water suggested a regulatory mechanism other than classic control via the global N regulator NtcA. This study indicated that co-existing phytoplankton strains experience distinct nutrient stresses in the transition zone of the CCS, an understudied region where oligotrophic and coastal communities naturally mix

Results of posterior lamellar femto-keratoplasty using two different lasers

Purpose. To evaluate the results of treatment of patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) by the method of posterior lamellar femto-keratoplasty with ultrathin graft (FS-DSEK) harvested using two different lasers.Material and methods. The results of surgical treatment of 82 patients (82 eyes) underwent posterior lamellar femto-keratoplasty for PBK were analyzed. In the 1st group included 43 patients (43 eyes) with PBK underwent FS-DSEK using FS laser Femto-Visum (Optosystems, Russia). In the 2nd group included 39 patients (39 eyes) with PBK underwent FS-DSEK using LDV Z8 (Ziemer, Switzerland). Observation period was 1 year. Before and after surgery following indicators were evaluated: uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), postoperative astigmatism, central corneal thickness (CCT), graft thickness, center-periphery (C:P) ratio, endothelial cell density (ECD), endothelial cell (EC) loss, optical density .Results. Transparent engraftment at 1-year observation period was observed in 88% of cases. In the 1st group UCVA=0.22±0.11, BSCVA=0.32±0.12, in the 2nd group UCVA=0.18±0.08, BSCVA=0.29±0.1 (p>0.05). The maximum BSCVA in both groups was 0.6. Postoperative astigmatism was comparative in 2nd groups – 1.43±1.1 and 1.38±1.0 D, respectively (p>0.05). In the 1st group, CCT=549±31, graft thickness in the central zone – 83±12, C:P ratio – 0.92±0.05; in the 2nd group CCT=546±28, graft thickness – 80±10, C:P ratio – 0.94±0.06 (p>0.05). In the 1st group ECD – 1326±282, EC loss – 55±6%; ECD in the 2nd – 850±230, EC loss – 70±7% (p<0.05). According to the results of densitometry, optical density of the posterior layers of the cornea and «donor–recipient» interface zone was higher in the 2nd group, both in the central and in the paracentral zones: in the 1st group in the posterior layers of the stroma – 16.4±1.2 (0–2 mm) and 15.8±1.0 (2–6 mm), in the interface zone – 14.5±0.9 (0–2) and 13.9±0.8 (2–6), in the 2nd group in the posterior layers – 18.3±1.3 (0–2 mm) and 17.9±1.1 (2–6 mm), and in the interface zone – 17.3±1.2 (0–2 mm) and 17.0±1.0 (2–6 mm, p<0.05).Conclusions. FS-DSEK showed high efficiency for treating patients with PBK. Functional results were comparative in 2nd groups. Statistical analysis showed highest safety of transplanted endothelium in the 1st group at 1-year observation period

ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ ТРОЙНОЙ АНТИТРОМБОТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕРАПИИ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ РИВАРОКСАБАНА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ФИБРИЛЛЯЦИЕЙ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ, ПЕРЕНЕСШИХ СТЕНТИРОВАНИЕ КОРОНАРНЫХ АРТЕРИЙ

A trial fibrillation occurs in 5 to 8% of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting. It is known that dual antiplatelet therapy (a combination of P2Y12 receptor inhibitor and acetylsalicylic acid) significantly reduces the risk of developing stent thrombosis in comparison with vitamin K antagonists; however, anticoagulants are significantly more effective in reducing the risk of ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). When opting for a long-term triple antithrombotic therapy, the risk of hemorrhagic complications increases dramatically, while choosing less intensive treatment results in an increased risk of ischemic complications, primarily, ischemic stroke and stent thrombosis. The current recommendations come down to the prescription of all of the three components of antithrombotic therapy. However, this approach leads to a significant increase in the frequency of hemorrhagic complications. The purpose of recent randomized trials was to compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of different regimens with antithrombotic drugs in combination with rivaroxaban in patients with AF who underwent PCI.  Фибрилляция предсердий имеет место у 5—8% пациентов, перенесших чрескожное вмешательство на коронарных артериях (ЧКВ) со стентированием. Известно, что двойная антиагрегантная терапия (комбинация ингибиторов Р2Y12-рецепторов и ацетилсалициловой кислоты) достоверно лучше снижает риск развития тромбоза стента по сравнению с антагонистами витамина К, однако антикоагулянты в свою очередь достоверно эффективнее снижают риск ишемического инсульта у пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП). При выборе концепции назначения тройной антитромботической терапии на длительный срок риск геморрагических осложнений резко возрастает, тогда как выбор менее интенсивной тактики ведет к увеличению риска ишемических осложнений, в первую очередь ишемического инсульта и тромбоза стента. Действующие рекомендации сводятся к назначению всех трех компонентов антитромботической терапии. Однако настоящий подход приводит к достоверному увеличению частоты геморрагических осложнений. Задачей недавних рандомизированных исследований является сравнение и оценка эффективности и безопасности различных режимов применения анти-тромботических препаратов в комбинации с ривароксабаном у больных с ФП, перенесших ЧКВ. 

Актуальные вопросы применения дабигатрана в составе комбинированной антитромботической терапии у пациентов с острым коронарным синдромом и неклапанной фибрилляцией предсердий

Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart rhythm disorder. According to various sources, a third of patients with atrial fibrillation also suffer from coronary heart disease. Both acute coronary syndrome and PCI with stable IHD require the prescription of combined antithrombotic therapy, which includes both anticoagulant drugs and disaggregants. A therapeutic dilemma arises: how to balance the extremely high risk of hemorrhagic complications in triple therapy with the risk of ischemic events in dual therapy? Consequently, the combination of atrial fibrillation and ischemic heart disease is not only a complex and widespread problem in terms of the selection of doses and antithrombotic therapy regimes, but is also associated with a significant increase in disability and mortality. Based on data from the PIONEER AF PCI, REDUAL PCI and AUGUSTUS STUDIES, triple therapy should be as short as possible. A tempting alternative seems to be to prescribe dual therapy in 1-7 days after an acute event. According to the ESC recommendations on the treatment of CCS, patients with stable coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation after CCS are recommended to prescribe three drugs for the period of hospitalization, OAC + Clopidogrel for one year, then only OAC. however, if the risk of stent thrombosis and other ischemic events is high and the risk of bleeding is low, triple therapy can be prolonged. To date, patients requiring anticoagulants in combination with antiaggregants should prefer OAC in doses that have proven effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (dabigatran 150 mg 2 times a day, apixaban 5 mg 2 times a day and rivaroxaban 20 mg/day).Фибрилляция предсердий является наиболее часто встречаемым нарушением ритма сердца. По различным источникам треть пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий также страдают ишемической болезнью сердца. И острый коронарный синдром, и ЧКВ при стабильной ИБС требуют назначения комбинированной антитромботической терапии, включающей в себя как антикоагулянтные препараты, так и дезагреганты. Создается терапевтическая дилемма: каким образом найти баланс между крайне высоким риском геморрагических осложнений при назначении тройной терапии и риском ишемических событий при двойной? Следовательно, сочетание фибрилляции предсердий и ишемической болезни сердца не только является сложной и распространенной проблемой в плане подбора доз и режимов антитромботической терапии, но и ассоциировано с достоверным увеличением инвалидизации и смертности. На основании данных, полученных в исследованиях PIONEER AF PCI, REDUAL PCI и AUGUSTUS, продолжительность тройной терапии должна быть столь краткой, насколько это возможно. Заманчивой альтернативой выглядит назначение двойной терапии через 1-7 дней после острого события. Согласно рекомендациям ESC по лечению ХКС, больным со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца и фибрилляцией предсердий после ЧКВ рекомендовано назначать три препарата на период госпитализации, ПОАК + клопидогрел на год, затем только ПОАК. Однако при высоком риске тромбоза стента и других ишемических событий и низком риске кровотечений можно продлить тройную терапию. На сегодняшний день у пациентов, нуждающихся в антикоагулянтах в комбинации с антиагрегантами, следует предпочесть ПОАК в дозах, доказавших свою эффективность для профилактики инсульта у больных с фибрилляцией предсердий (дабигатран 150 мг 2 раза в день, апиксабан 5 мг 2 раза в день и ривароксабан 20 мг/сут)