Water as a Meaning-Generating Image in the Novel by Fr. Werfel "Barbara, or Piety"

In the novel of education by Fr. Werfel "Barbara, or Piety" (1929), the image of water is cross-cutting and gives rise to a whole set of meanings. Based on data obtained using the theory of parallel­ism by A. Veselovsky, as well as methods of ritual and psychoanalytic literary criticism based, in particular, on G. Bashlyar, and the theory of the chronotope, the following conclusions are drawn in the article.В статье рассматривается образ воды и ее смысловое значение в романе Фр. Верфеля "Барбара, или Благочестие"

Ritual Functions of Sun Wukong’s Hair in Wu Cheng-en’s novel “Journey to the West”

The results of the motivational analysis of Wu Cheng-en’s novel “A Journey to the West” are presented, the mythological meanings of individual object-material images are studied, a set of ritual actions related to hair is considered: pulling out wool, casting a spell, turning around. The idea of a variety of ritual functions of hair, endowed with mystical properties in many mythological systems, is taken as a starting point; they are included in thanatal, carnival and other contexts. It has been proven that all rituals related to hair in the novel combine the archetypal meanings of being chosen, initiation, carnival buffoonery and spiritual formation. A typology of ritual functions of hair and associated miracles is proposed. The first of the selected types of metamorphosis is carried out through manipulations that Sun Wukong masters in training with the sages: this is the creation of a copy of an object or creature with the help of which the hero avoids danger. The second object of the typology is a gift from the Bodhisattva Guanyin, which requires a certain inner work from the hero — choice, bargaining, creating a new object without a ready-made sample. The question is raised about the divine leadership of the process of becoming a hero

Fictionality of Heiner Muller’s Drama: Forms and Functions

Using the broad material of Heiner Müller’s drama (1929-1995), the question of how to destroy the classical forms of dramatic conventions in German drama of the 60-80s is discussed in the article. The author dwells on the repeatedly criticized and revised discussion that unfolds around the concept, appeared at the end of the 20th century of post-drama H. T. Lehman theater. The author of the article adheres to the point of view that the importance of post-drama as an experimental site of the latest theater can hardly be overestimated. The general laws of constructing a figurative system, a chronotope and a composition of Müller plays are analyzed. The researcher comes to conclusions about how deliberate fantasy and fictionality contribute to the implementation of the author’s attitude towards journalism and ideology. Particular attention is paid to intertextuality, provocativeness, collage. H. Muller’s experiments are aimed at updating the political drama and forcing directors and spectators to clearly define their own political position. The playwright’s mindset to combine recognizable fragments - either they are Shakespearean characters or historical situations - into an unpredictably paradoxical entire that allows the viewer to form an analytically balanced position on topical issues is examined in detail. The novelty of the study is to systematize and build a hierarchy of the main dramatic experiments used by the researched author

Synchronous visual analysis and editing of RNA sequence and secondary structure alignments using 4SALE

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The function of a noncoding RNA sequence is mainly determined by its secondary structure and therefore a family of noncoding RNA sequences is much more conserved on the structural level than on the sequence level. Understanding the function of noncoding RNA sequence families requires two things: a hand-crafted or hand-improved alignment and detailed analyses of the secondary structures. There are several tools available that help performing these tasks, but all of them are specialized and focus on only one aspect, editing the alignment or plotting the secondary structure. The problem is both these tasks need to be performed simultaneously.</p> <p>Findings</p> <p>4SALE is designed to handle sequence and secondary structure information of RNAs synchronously. By including a complete new method of simultaneous visualization and editing RNA sequences and secondary structure information, 4SALE enables to improve and understand RNA sequence and secondary structure evolution much more easily.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>4SALE is a step further for simultaneously handling RNA sequence and secondary structure information. It provides a complete new way of visual monitoring different structural aspects, while editing the alignment. The software is freely available and distributed from its website at <url>http://4sale.bioapps.biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de/</url></p

Children’s Games and Adult Repentance: Concept of Childhood in Literature of Early 20th Century

This article describes the transformation of the image of the child in literature during the 10-30s of the 20th century. The stories of three contemporary authors are used as material, which are connected by motifs of enlightenment and repentance: “The Day of the Boy” by F. Verfel, “The Paper Kite” by Lu Xin, and “On Tenderness” by Nadezhda Teffi. The basis for comparative analysis is the biographical similarities, close circle of philosophical and aesthetic interests of Austrian, Chinese, and Russian authors, as well as the genre and thematic proximity of the texts. The researcher assumes that increased attention to the image of the child arises in the early 19th century in Romantic literature, which interprets it either as a victim or as an angel. However, in the second half of the 19th century, images of “evil children” begin to appear. The analysis shows that under the influence of Freud, the motive of children’s games as a way to familiarize oneself with evil, temptation, and inevitable experiences during development consistently emerges in literature of the early 20th century. The common form of reminiscence present in all three texts allows the authors to interpret childhood events causally and derive later moral experiences from children’s games. The article concludes that Verfel’s, Lu Xin’s, and Teffi’s stories are influenced by Freud’s idea of the interconnection between childhood impressions and the fate of adults, who must comprehend past shame, guilt, and repentance

Caracterização sensorial e rendimento de extrato hidrossolúvel em cultivares de soja especiais para a alimentação humana.

Estudos realizados a partir dos anos 90, evidenciando a funcionalidade da soja, vêm despertando o interesse aumentar o consumo, tanto do grão in natura como de seus derivados. O extrato hidrossolúvel de soja (EHS) ou leite de soja é um dos derivados da soja mais conhecidos pelos brasileiros. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo diferenciar sensorialmente os EHS das cultivares de sojas especiais para a alimentação humana: Embrapa 48, BRS 213, BRS 216, BRS 257, BRS 258, BRS 267 e BRS 282; e da cultivar convencional BRS 232, todas desenvolvidas pela Embrapa Soja e cultivadas na safra 2009/10, comparando seus rendimentos durante o processamento. Com os extratos padronizados a 3,4% de proteína, os maiores rendimentos foram obtidos pelas cultivares BRS 232, BRS 257 e BRS 282, diferenciando-se das demais cultivares testadas em relação ao potencial para a produção de extrato de soja. Todos os EHS foram muito semelhantes em relação à análise sensorial, entretanto a BRS 213 se destacou por apresentar o menor gosto residual. Amostras com características sensoriais mais próximas às características habituais de consumo (extrato com adição de açúcar e de aromatizante), possivelmente teriam resultado em maior discriminação sensorial entre as cultivares

4SALE – A tool for synchronous RNA sequence and secondary structure alignment and editing

BACKGROUND: In sequence analysis the multiple alignment builds the fundament of all proceeding analyses. Errors in an alignment could strongly influence all succeeding analyses and therefore could lead to wrong predictions. Hand-crafted and hand-improved alignments are necessary and meanwhile good common practice. For RNA sequences often the primary sequence as well as a secondary structure consensus is well known, e.g., the cloverleaf structure of the t-RNA. Recently, some alignment editors are proposed that are able to include and model both kinds of information. However, with the advent of a large amount of reliable RNA sequences together with their solved secondary structures (available from e.g. the ITS2 Database), we are faced with the problem to handle sequences and their associated secondary structures synchronously. RESULTS: 4SALE fills this gap. The application allows a fast sequence and synchronous secondary structure alignment for large data sets and for the first time synchronous manual editing of aligned sequences and their secondary structures. This study describes an algorithm for the synchronous alignment of sequences and their associated secondary structures as well as the main features of 4SALE used for further analyses and editing. 4SALE builds an optimal and unique starting point for every RNA sequence and structure analysis. CONCLUSION: 4SALE, which provides an user-friendly and intuitive interface, is a comprehensive toolbox for RNA analysis based on sequence and secondary structure information. The program connects sequence and structure databases like the ITS2 Database to phylogeny programs as for example the CBCAnalyzer. 4SALE is written in JAVA and therefore platform independent. The software is freely available and distributed from the website a

The Motive of Death in the Austrian Novel of the Late 1920s and Early 1930s

© 2016 AesthetixMS. The article is devoted to the study of the motive of death in the Austrian novels of the turn of the 1920s-1930s when a generation of rationalist writers appeared in the literature. Attention is drawn to the fact that Werfel, Musil, Broch, and Canetti were originally engaged in exact sciences, production, and commerce. Therefore, the meanings of the motives of death, which were used in modernistic literature even a little theoretically, were irrelevant for them. It is pointed out that writers, while addressing the issues on human destiny, boundaries of existence, life and death, look for new solutions and often find them in connection with the motive of warning, caution. Death becomes a shock, setting new goals to the living, or an indicator of moral fall of an indifferent character. The novels included in the study material are Franz Werfel's "Barbara or Piety" (1929), Hermann Broch's "The Sleepwalkers" (1928-1931) and Elias Canetti's "Auto-da-Fé" (also known as the "The Blinding") (1931-1932). The comparative methodology allows drawing conclusions about the author's individual features of the solution of the ontological issues considered by the authors and provides the typological presentation of the functioning of the motive of death in the above-mentioned novels

Dichotomy of Friend” and “Foe” in Structure of Eastern Notes of F. Salten, F. Werfel, E. Canetti

The travel notes of three Austrian writers of Jewish origin: “New people in the old land” by F. Salten, “Egyptian diary” by F. Werfel and “Voices of Marrakesh” by E. Canetti are considered. Based on the comparison of texts, typological similarities are distinguished at several levels: firstly, the meaning of travel as a return to the origins in the biographies of writers; secondly, the structural similarity of the motives, composition and chronotope of the notes; thirdly, the repetitive narrative structure of the texts. The fundamental differences revealed in the course of typological analysis are shown, which are associated with the reflection of political events by modern authors, each of them connects the geocultural image of space with its own interpretation of history. It is noted that myth and language are the connecting link of the times for all three, the messianism of the poet is emphasized. The article focuses on the selfdetermination of the narrator in relation to the described world. Overcoming the prejudice of European Orientalism, the authors come to an interested-mentoring (Salten), detached-objective (Werfel) or indifferent position of a flâneur (Canetti). It is concluded that the movement from the enthusiastic utopianism of Salten to the disappointment of Canetti is accompanied by a change in the cyclical concept of history by the idea of eternalism

Narrative Structure of Memories in Texts of F. Werfel and A. Okopenko

The specificity of the narrative structure of the story, which connects the memory as an element of a fictional autobiography with the forms of a diary and a “story in a story”, which is one of the most productive in the second half of the twentieth century in German literature, is considered. Based on a fragment of the unfinished novel by F. Werfel “Sella, or the Conqueror” and the novel by A. Okopenko “Kindernatsi”, built as memories of the Anschluss and the arrival of the Nazis in Austria, the principles of organizing a multilevel system author — focalizer — actant, the purpose of which is interweaving of historical, moral and religious, moral and ethical meanings are shown. It is studied how a specific historical plot (which has a real prototypical model for the story of Werfel and an autobiographical one for Okopenko) is filled with religious and existential meanings in Werfel, becomes a reflection of the crisis of identity — a key characteristic of the Austrian mentality — in Okopenko. Particular attention is paid to artistic techniques that complicate and destroy linear narrative: duplicity, with the help of which Werfel shows different ways of solving the same moral issues, and literary editing techniques, which gives Okopenko a fragmented character to the process of recollection and allows to reveal the integrity of the author’s moral and ethical positions at the deep-semantic level