771 research outputs found
From Knowledge Economy to Automation Anxiety: A Growth Regime in Crisis?
© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. In the 1990s, the ‘knowledge economy’ was hailed as a key driver of future prosperity by progressive policymakers in developed democracies. According to its proponents, in the knowledge economy, companies and countries alike would succeed by cultivating workers’ knowledge–as opposed to traditional forms of capital such as plant and machinery. This had radical implications for public policy, implying that education reform and other supply-side interventions could deliver inclusivity as well as prosperity. Today, however, this benevolent vision of the social and economic impacts of technological progress has been superseded by an altogether more dystopian view, associated with automation and the rise of artificial intelligence, as well as transformations in the digital economy and the evolving nature of globalisation. This paper analyses that transition. It charts the key assumptions of the knowledge economy concept, through an intellectual history that focuses on how these ideas manifested themselves in the rhetoric of the UK Government under Tony Blair. It then shows how evolving understandings of the digital economy, technological progress and globalisation challenge these assumptions, and the policy agenda that was premised on them
Demand, dysfunction and distribution: The UK growth model from neoliberalism to the knowledge economy
Theories of ‘growth models’ explain capitalist diversity by reference to shifting drivers of aggregate demand in different national economies. This article expands the growth models framework beyond its conventional focus on debt-driven and export-driven demand, through an ideational analysis of Thatcher’s vision of a property-owning democracy, and Blair’s knowledge-driven growth agenda. Drawing on policymakers’ statements, it shows how these hypothetical growth models differed from the debt-driven growth model that ultimately prevailed. Using data on the distribution of wealth and wages, it highlights how both approaches failed to generate sustainable demand; in Thatcher’s case, because of an insufficiently broad distribution of capital ownership, in Blair’s case, because of an insufficiently broad distribution of lucrative knowledge work. This indicates that explanations of dysfunctional growth models need to consider not just the split of national income between labour and capital, but also the distribution of both labour income and capital income between households
The Transit Light Curve Project. VI. Three Transits of the Exoplanet TrES-2
Of the nearby transiting exoplanets that are amenable to detailed study,
TrES-2 is both the most massive and has the largest impact parameter. We
present z-band photometry of three transits of TrES-2. We improve upon the
estimates of the planetary, stellar, and orbital parameters, in conjunction
with the spectroscopic analysis of the host star by Sozzetti and co-workers. We
find the planetary radius to be 1.222 +/- 0.038 R_Jup and the stellar radius to
be 1.003 +/- 0.027 R_Sun. The quoted uncertainties include the systematic error
due to the uncertainty in the stellar mass (0.980 +/- 0.062 M_Sun). The timings
of the transits have an accuracy of 25s and are consistent with a uniform
period, thus providing a baseline for future observations with the NASA Kepler
satellite, whose field of view will include TrES-2.Comment: 15 pages, including 2 figures, accepted Ap
The Prograde Orbit of Exoplanet TrES-2b
We monitored the Doppler shift of the G0V star TrES-2 throughout a transit of
its giant planet. The anomalous Doppler shift due to stellar rotation (the
Rossiter-McLaughlin effect) is discernible in the data, with a signal-to-noise
ratio of 2.9, even though the star is a slow rotator. By modeling this effect
we find that the planet's trajectory across the face of the star is tilted by
-9 +/- 12 degrees relative to the projected stellar equator. With 98%
confidence, the orbit is prograde.Comment: ApJ, in press [15 pages
Detection of Planetary Emission from the Exoplanet TrES-2 using Spitzer /IRAC
We present here the results of our observations of TrES-2 using the Infrared
Array Camera on Spitzer. We monitored this transiting system during two
secondary eclipses, when the planetary emission is blocked by the star. The
resulting decrease in flux is 0.127%+-0.021%, 0.230%+-0.024%, 0.199%+-0.054%,
and 0.359%+-0.060%, at 3.6 microns, 4.5 microns, 5.8 microns, and 8.0 microns,
respectively. We show that three of these flux contrasts are well fit by a
black body spectrum with T_{eff}=1500 K, as well as by a more detailed model
spectrum of a planetary atmosphere. The observed planet-to-star flux ratios in
all four IRAC channels can be explained by models with and without a thermal
inversion in the atmosphere of TrES-2, although with different atmospheric
chemistry. Based on the assumption of thermochemical equilibrium, the chemical
composition of the inversion model seems more plausible, making it a more
favorable scenario. TrES-2 also falls in the category of highly irradiated
planets which have been theoretically predicted to exhibit thermal inversions.
However, more observations at infrared and visible wavelengths would be needed
to confirm a thermal inversion in this system. Furthermore, we find that the
times of the secondary eclipses are consistent with previously published times
of transit and the expectation from a circular orbit. This implies that TrES-2
most likely has a circular orbit, and thus does not obtain additional thermal
energy from tidal dissipation of a non-zero orbital eccentricity, a proposed
explanation for the large radius of this planet.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journal. V2: New figure added ; other minor changes throughou
S and D Wave Mixing in High Superconductors
For a tight binding model with nearest neighbour attraction and a small
orthorhombic distortion, we find a phase diagram for the gap at zero
temperature which includes three distinct regions as a function of filling. In
the first, the gap is a mixture of mainly -wave with a smaller extended
-wave part. This is followed by a region in which there is a rapid increase
in the -wave part accompanied by a rapid increase in relative phase between
and from 0 to . Finally, there is a region of dominant with a
mixture of and zero phase. In the mixed region with a finite phase, the
-wave part of the gap can show a sudden increase with decreasing temperature
accompanied with a rapid increase in phase which shows many of the
characteristics measured in the angular resolved photoemission experiments of
Ma {\em et al.} in Comment: 12 pages, RevTeX 3.0, 3 PostScript figures uuencoded and compresse
Orthorhombicity mixing of s- and d- gap components in without involving the chains
Momentum decoupling develops when forward scattering dominates the pairing
interaction and implies tendency for decorrelation between the physical
behavior in the various regions of the Fermi surface. In this regime it is
possible to obtain anisotropic s- or d-wave superconductivity even with
isotropic pairing scattering. We show that in the momentum decoupling regime
the distortion of the planes is enough to explain the experimental
reports for s- mixing in the dominantly d-wave gap of . In the
case of spin fluctuations mediated pairing instead, a large part of the
condensate must be located in the chains in order to understand the
experiments.Comment: LATEX file and 3 Postscript figure
Fermi-Liquid Interactions in d-Wave Superconductor
This article develops a quantitative quasiparticle model of the
low-temperature properties of d-wave superconductors which incorporates both
Fermi-liquid effects and band-structure effects. The Fermi-liquid interaction
effects are found to be classifiable into strong and negligible renormalizaton
effects, for symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of the energies of
and quasiparticles, respectively. A particularly
important conclusion is that the leading clean-limit temperature-dependent
correction to the superfluid density is not renormalized by Fermi-liquid
interactions, but is subject to a Fermi velocity (or mass) renormalization
effect. This leads to difficulties in accounting for the penetration depth
measurements with physically acceptable parameters, and hence reopens the
question of the quantitative validity of the quasiparticle picture.Comment: 4 page
CE15014
In the southwest of Ireland and the Celtic Sea (ICES Divisions VIIaS, g & j),herring acoustic surveys have been carried out since 1989. In the Celtic Sea and VIIj, herring
acoustic surveys have been carried out since 1989, and this survey is the 21st in the
overall acoustic series or the tenth in the modified time series conducted exclusively in
October.
The geographical confines of the annual 21 day survey have been modified in recent
years to include areas to the south of the main winter spawning grounds in an effort to
identify the whereabouts of winter spawning fish before the annual inshore spawning
migration. Spatial resolution of acoustic transects has been increased over the entire
south coast survey area. The acoustic component of the survey has been further complemented since 2004 by detailed hydrographic, marine mammal and seabird surveys
Electronic structure in underdoped cuprates due to the emergence of a pseudogap
The phenomenological Green's function developed in the works of Yang, Rice
and Zhang has been very successful in understanding many of the anomalous
superconducting properties of the deeply underdoped cuprates. It is based on
considerations of the resonating valence bond spin liquid approximation and is
designed to describe the underdoped regime of the cuprates. Here we emphasize
the region of doping, , just below the quantum critical point at which the
pseudogap develops. In addition to Luttinger hole pockets centered around the
nodal direction, there are electron pockets near the antinodes which are
connected to the hole pockets by gapped bridging contours. We determine the
contours of nearest approach as would be measured in angular resolved
photoemission experiments and emphasize signatures of the Fermi surface
reconstruction from the large Fermi contour of Fermi liquid theory (which
contains hole states) to the Luttinger pocket (which contains hole
states). We find that the quasiparticle effective mass renormalization
increases strongly towards the edge of the Luttinger pockets beyond which it
diverges.Comment: 11 pages, 9 figure
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