Performa Bakteripadatanah Tercemar Pestisida [Bacterial Perform in Soil Contaminated with Pesticide]

Preliminary study on bacterial survive in soil containing pesticide has been carried out. Soil samples collected from Lembang and Dieng. The soil deprive from agriculture area that intensively using pesticide, and compared to other samples gathered from forest soil. All samples examined for total bacteria, denitrification bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, soil induce respiration, urease and phosphatase activities. Pattern of whole parameters in each soil sample configured similarly, but the value performed differently in the same parameters. Total bacterial population in soil samples also inspected after the samples amended with some certain pesticides. Survival bacteria subjected to media amended with insecticide (Propoxur, Diazinon, and Chlorpyrifos), and herbicides (Bromacil and 2,4-D), and correlation of bacterial growth between sample location were varied. Bacterial degrading pesticide particularly isolated from the soil samples containing 1000 ppm Curzate (fungiside) and 500 ppm 2,4-D.The isolates then cultured in the medium containing insecticide and herbicide, and the response on growth observed in 7 days incubation. Bacterial perform were meaningful to reference of soil degrading pesticide residue in agriculture soil; and it would make representative reference in an effort to use bacteria throughout biofertilizer improvement

Contractualisation agricole comme modalites d’acces aux facteurs de commercialisation du riz autour des amenagements hydro agricoles dans la Vallee du Niger au Benin

L’émergence de la contractualisation agricole autour des aménagements hydro agricoles de la Vallée du Niger au Bénin devient de plus en plus une évidence. Pour mieux appréhender cette réalité sociale, la présente recherche s’est donnée comme objectif de comprendre les motivations réelles des riziculteurs à s’orienter progressivement vers l’agriculture contractuelle. Quatre-vingt (80) informateurs clés obtenus par boule de neige et par saturation dont 26 % de femmes de l’échantillon ont été impliqués dans l’étude. Les entretiens non structurés et individuels ont été privilégiés pour comprendre leurs motivations à s’orienter vers la contractualisation. Il est demandé aux riziculteurs de relater les stratégies qu’ils développent pour la commercialisation de leurs produits d’une part et d’expliquer les raisons qui motivent les stratégies énumérées d’autre part. Les entretiens sont enregistrés avec l’accord des interviewés. L’analyse des données a consisté à traduire et à transcrire les enregistrements à l’aide du logiciel Atlas.ti version 7 ; à mettre en évidence les verbatims et les motivations liés à la contractualisation agricole. L’étude a permis d’examiner la nature des facteurs de commercialisation qui sont garantis par des accords non formels et ceux qui sont assurés par les contrats formels. Il ressort que le besoin de garantir l’accès aux facteurs de production est la principale motivation à l’adoption de la contractualisation agricole comme alternative. La présente recherche a mis en évidence la fonction stratégique de l’agriculture contractuelle dans un contexte de difficile accès aux facteurs de production par les petits producteurs. English title: agricultural contracting as a strategy for accessing rice marketing factors around hydroagricultural systems in the Niger Valley in Benin The emergence of contract farming around hydro-agricultural developments in the Niger Valley in Benin is becoming increasingly evident. In order to better understand this social reality, the research aims to understand the real motivations of rice farmers to progressively move into contract farming. Eighty (80) informants obtained by saturation, including twenty-six women representing 26% of the purposive sample, were involved in the study. Unstructured and mostly individual interviews were favored to understand their motivations for moving into contract farming. Farmers were asked to describe the strategies they were developing for marketing their products, and to explain the motivations behind the strategies listed. The interviews were recorded with the permission of the interviewees. The data analysis consisted of the translation and transcription of the recordings using Atlas.ti version 7 software; the highlighting of the characteristics and motivations of the agricultural contractualization in marketing. The study examined the types of marketing factors that are guaranteed by non-formal agreements and those that are guaranteed by formal contracts. It also revealed the explanatory factors that motivate rice farmers in agricultural contracting around hydro-agricultural schemes in Benin. Keywords: marketing factors, agricultural contracting, hydro-agricultural schemes, Niger Valley, Benin

Evaluation De La Prise En Charge De La Malnutrition Aigüe Sévère Dans Le Service De CRENI Du Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) De Niamey

Introduction L’objectif de notre étude est d’évaluer la prise en charge de la malnutrition aigüe sévère dans le centre de récupération nutritionnelle intensive du centre hospitalier régional de Niamey. Matériels et méthodes : nous avons mené une étude prospective de soins courants réalisée entre le 1er janvier 2016 et le 31 décembre 2016 en incluant les enfants de 0 à 59 mois qui présentaient un rapport poids/taille ≤ - 3 Z score et ou des œdèmes de dénutrition chez lesquels une malformation cardiaque ou néoplasies ou autres maladies chroniques étaient éliminées. Le protocole national de la récupération nutritionnelle est divisé en phase 1 pendant laquelle les patients sont mis sous le lait F-75 (130ml/kg/j), en phase de transition avec la mise sous le F-100 (130ml/kg/j) et en phase 2 pendant laquelle les patients sont mis sous l’alimentation thérapeutique près à l’emploi et ou le F-100. Le passage d’une phase à une autre est bien codifié par le protocole. Résultats : Durant la période de l’étude, 5773 patients ont été recensés, parmi lesquels 814 étaient atteints de MAS soit une fréqureprésentaient 75%. Le marasme représentait 86,30% des cas de malnutrition, le kwashiorkor 5,03% et la forme mixte 8,70%. La grande majorité des malades (91,52%) avait un Z score ≤ - 3. L’ECBU était positive chez 85 patients. L’E Coli représentait 87% des germes rencontrés. Les facteurs de comorbidité étaient le paludisme (88,8%) ; les pneumopathies (5,28%) et le VIH (1,4%). Les principales complications rencontrées au cours de l’hospitalisation étaient la déshydratation (26,5%), la détresse respiratoire (6,14%) et l’hypothermie (3,2%). La durée moyenne de séjour hospitalier était de 15,7±5,2 jours et 12% des patients avaient un séjour de plus de 20 jours. Le gain pondéral moyen journalier était de 12,5±3,9g/kg/jour. Nous avions enregistré 66 cas de décès (8,1%). Conclusion: L’étude montre une prévalence très élevée du marasme, une prédominance des enfants de moins de 24 mois et une mortalité élevée chez les nourrissons. Promouvoir une bonne diversification alimentaire chez le nourrisson permettrait d’améliorer la situation. ence de 14,1% de toutes les pathologies rencontrées dans notre service. Le sexe masculin était prédominant (52,5%) avec l’âge moyen des patients à 14,4±9,14 mois. Les patients issus de familles à niveau de vie faible  représentaient 75%. Le marasme représentait 86,30% des cas de malnutrition, le kwashiorkor 5,03% et la forme mixte 8,70%. La grande majorité des malades (91,52%) avait un Z score ≤ - 3. L’ECBU était positive chez 85 patients. L’E Coli représentait 87% des germes rencontrés. Les facteurs de comorbidité étaient le paludisme (88,8%) ; les pneumopathies (5,28%) et le VIH (1,4%). Les principales complications rencontrées au cours de l’hospitalisation étaient la déshydratation (26,5%), la détresse respiratoire (6,14%) et l’hypothermie (3,2%). La durée moyenne de séjour hospitalier était de 15,7±5,2 jours et 12% des patients avaient un séjour de plus de 20 jours. Le gain pondéral moyen journalier était de 12,5±3,9g/kg/jour. Nous avions enregistré 66 cas de décès (8,1%). Conclusion: L’étude montre une prévalence très élevée du marasme, une prédominance des enfants de moins de 24 mois et une mortalité élevée chez les nourrissons. Promouvoir une bonne diversification alimentaire chez le nourrisson permettrait d’améliorer la situation.   Background: The objective of our study is to evaluate the management of severe acute malnutrition in the intensive nutrition recovery center of the Regional Hospital Center of Niamey.Methods: we carried out a prospective study of routine care performed between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016 including children from 0 to 59 months who presented a weight / height ratio ≤ - 3 Z score and or edema of undernutrition in which a heart malformation or neoplasms or other chronic diseases were eliminated. The national protocol for nutritional recovery is divided into phase 1 during which patients are put on F-75 milk (130ml / kg / d), in the transition phase with putting on F-100 (130ml / kg / d ) and in phase 2 during which the patients are put on therapeutic food ready for use and / or F-100. The transition from one phase to another is well codified by the protocol. Results: During the study period, 5,773 patients were identified, among which 814 had SAM, ie a frequency of 14.1% of all pathologies encountered in our department. Male sex was predominant (52.5%) with the mean age of patients at 14.4 ± 9.14 months. Patients from families with a low standard of living accounted for 75%. Marasmus accounted for 86.30% of malnutrition cases, kwashiorkor 5.03% and mixed form 8.70%. The vast majority of patients (91.52%) had a Z score ≤ - 3. The urine culture was positive in 85 patients. E Coli accounted for 87% of the germs encountered. The comorbid factors were malaria (88.8%); pneumonia (5.28%) and HIV (1.4%). The main complications encountered during hospitalization were dehydration (26.5%), respiratory distress (6.14%) and hypothermia (3.2%). The mean length of hospital stay was 15.7 ± 5.2 days and 12% of patients had a stay of more than 20 days. The mean daily weight gain was 12.5 ± 3.9g / kg / day. We had recorded 66 cases of death (8.1%)

The pervasive triad of food security, gender inequity and women\u27s health: Exploratory research from sub-Saharan Africa

Objectives: This study was designed to explore the interactions between food securing activities, health and gender equity from the perspective of rural east African women. The specific objectives were to document the critical interaction among these three issues - food security, gender inequity, women\u27s health within the context of sub-Saharan Africa; to describe the nature of this triad from the perspective of women farmers in Africa; and to propose a framework for linking available interventions to the vicious nature of this triad. Setting: In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with rural women farmers in Kwale District, Kenya and Bagamoyo District, Tanzania. Methods: A total of 12 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions have been included in this analysis. Transcribed text from interviews and focus group discussions were coded and thematic conceptual matrices were developed to compare dimensions of common themes across interviews and settings. A thematic analysis was then performed and a framework developed to understand the nature of the triad and explore the potential for interventions within the interactions. Findings: The vicious cycle of increasing work, lack of time, and lack of independent decision making for women who are responsible for food production and health of their families, has health and social consequences. Food securing activities have negative health consequences for women, which are further augmented by issues of gender inequity. Conclusion: The African development community must respond by thinking of creative solutions and appropriate interventions for the empowerment of women farmers in the region to ensure their health

High-performance parallel analysis of coupled problems for aircraft propulsion

This research program deals with the application of high-performance computing methods for the analysis of complete jet engines. We have entitled this program by applying the two dimensional parallel aeroelastic codes to the interior gas flow problem of a bypass jet engine. The fluid mesh generation, domain decomposition, and solution capabilities were successfully tested. We then focused attention on methodology for the partitioned analysis of the interaction of the gas flow with a flexible structure and with the fluid mesh motion that results from these structural displacements. This is treated by a new arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) technique that models the fluid mesh motion as that of a fictitious mass-spring network. New partitioned analysis procedures to treat this coupled three-component problem are developed. These procedures involved delayed corrections and subcycling. Preliminary results on the stability, accuracy, and MPP computational efficiency are reported

Comparison of Eight Month Coastal Polluted Porcelain and Epoxy Resin Outdoor Insulators

This study presents the experimental results of eight months naturally coastal polluted outdoor porcelain and epoxy resin insulators. The experiments were leakage current and applied high voltage measurements used a two-channel storage digital oscilloscope, in the hermetically sealed chamber, where temperature, humidity , pressure and applied voltage could be adjusted and measured simultaneously. The leakage current waveforms were analyzed using FFT and the relation to environmental parameters were analyzed using correlation matrix of multivariate statistical tools. It was also conducted SEM and EDAX tests. Base on the correlation coefficient matrix, the humidity contributed to leakage current amplitude and phase angle on the porcelain insulator were very significant, with the correlation coefficient were 0.60 and -0.68 respectively. Whereas, on polluted epoxy resin insulator, the humidity did not influence to leakage current and phase angle considerably. Generally, the surface became rougher than the new one. The most three chemical elements in pollutants were chlorine, silicon and ferrum

Innovation Platform : Methods to engage crop-livestock stakeholders in West Africa

With an objective of engaging stakeholders in mixed farming systems in the semiarid tropics of West Africa. Innovation Platforms (IP) meetings were initiated by the International Crop Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) together with National Agricultural Research and Extension Systems (NARES) in Nigeria and Niger. The transboundry transect between Nigeria and Niger called Katsina Kano and Maradi (KKM) was selected as action site. Results indicated that the IP meetings at KKM transect allowed platform members (farmers, processors, marketers, political and traditional institutes and researchers) to obtain feedback on performance of introduced agricultural technologies, link farmers to seed, agrochemical companies and commodity brokers, and provided opportunity to the registered farmer groups to source inputs through governmental agencies. The IP meetings also facilitated decision making among members through scenario visioning. As a result of such visioning, the researchers were encouraged to explore the replacement of maize with sorghum in poultry feed consequently trials were initiated in Kano and earadi. The IP was also used in identifying relevant capacity building needs of stakeholders. A crop-livestock integration training was identified for the stakeholder in the transect. The training was therefore conducted for 41 participants from 5 countries (Benin, Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso and Nigeria). The stakeholders used the platform to enhance knowledge, expand network along with technology oriented practical demonstrations on food-feed crops, innovation of green and dry fodder chopping using machines, use of grinders for feed block making, animal traction and manure management