Hazards related to maintenance in agriculture

A five tips to ensure that farm machinery is always maintained properly are presented in the article. It is shown that preventive farm machinery maintenance can reduce the likelihood of breakdown of equipment and the risks that technical specialists face during on-site repairs. В статье представлены пять советов, как обеспечить правильное обслуживание сельхозтехники. Показано, что профилактическое обслуживание сельхозтехники позволяет снизить вероятность поломки техники и риски, с которыми сталкиваются технические специалисты при ремонте на месте

NEW IN THE PATELLA FRACTURES TREATMENT

In the literature there is a gap of publications about patella fractures management which is due to the absence of serious attention to the injuries of this largest sesamoid bone. In addition, in the world literature there is a lack of monographs and toolkits for the treatment of patients with these injuries, furthermore, in textbooks and traumatology manuals there are only a few template recommendations to the tactics of treating patients with this trauma. Meanwhile, patella fractures represent approximately 0.5-1.5% of all fractures, delayed union, formation of a false joint, and the emergence of patellofemoral arthrosis after these fractures is not uncommon. In the scientific literature on traumatology there is no unified, all-recognized classification of these fractures, which hinders the development of a single algorithm for the treatment of patients with patellar fractures. There are no contradictory views to the treatment of patella fractures without displacement; however, in relation to the treatment of patients with complex patella fractures, there are divergent views between the fracture fragments preservation to partial or even total patellectomy. In connection with the foregoing, We considered the issue of treating patients with patella fractures topical. Based on a thorough analysis of treatment results of 113 patients we provided a working classification based on the number of patellar fracture fragments (two-fragmentary, three-fragmentary, four-fragmentary, multi-fragmentary, upper and lower pole fractures). Based on this classification, traditional, modified and new methods of treating patients with patellar fractures were used. This is described in more detail in the forthcoming article

Развитие цифровой экономики Казахстана

This article considers the concept of «digital economy», which many countries of the world are interested in creating. The characteristics of the digital economy, which is based on trade using the Internet, are clarified. The role of the digital economy as a factor of investment and innovation growth is revealed. Special emphasis is placed on the development of the digital economy of modern Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan’s approaches to the development of the digital economy are identified, and the ways of its creation in Kazakhstan are analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to the study of indicators of the current state of digitalization of Kazakhstan in accordance with the indicators of annual international ratings. The problems hindering the digitalization of the country’s economy are highlighted.Рассматривается понятие «цифровая экономика», интерес созданию которой проявляют многие государства мира. Уточнена характеристика цифровой экономики, основу которой оставляет торговля с помощью Интернета. Выявлено роль цифровой экономика, как фактора инвестиционного и инновационного роста. Особый акцент сделан на развитии цифровой экономики современного Казахстана. Выявлены подходы Казахстана к развитию цифровой экономики, проанализированы пути ее создания в Казахстане. Значительное внимание уделено исследованию показателей современного состояния циф-ровизации Казахстана в соответствии с показателями ежегодных международных рейтингов. Выделены проблемы, препятствующие цифровизации экономики страны

БАШЕННАЯ БЕТОНОСМЕСИТЕЛЬНАЯ УСТАНОВКА С СИСТЕМАМИ ПОДАЧИ, РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ И РЕЦИКЛИНГА БЕТОННОЙ СМЕСИ ДЛЯ «МИНСКМЕТРОСТРОЯ»

The paper presents technical solutions applied while developing a tower concrete-mixing plant. Separate typical details with indication of their main parameters are comprehensively described in the paper. The paper provides a sequence of concrete mixture component movement in the batching process, contains description of a recipient-oriented ready-made mixture feeding  to final consumers with the help of trolleys and a concrete waste recycling system.Приведены технические решения, примененные при разработке башенной бетоносмесительной установки. Детально описаны отдельные типовые узлы с указанием их основных параметров. Приведен порядок перемещения компонентов бетонной смеси в процессе дозирования. Описана адресная подача готовой смеси к конечным потребителям при помощи тележек. Представлена система по переработке бетонных отходов производства.

ДИАГНОСТИКА ВЫСОКОМОМЕНТНОГО ЭЛЕКТРОДВИГАТЕЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ПРИ НИЗКИХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРАХ В ВАКУУМЕ

Parameters of high-moment electrical motor working at low-temperatures and high vacuum were investigated. It has been demonstrated that pressure in conspiracy with temperature does not influence starting current of the motor. Temperature reduction from 293 up to 143 K increases starting current at a factor of 3.5. Исследовано влияние вакуума и низких температур на рабочие характеристики высокомоментного электрического двигателя. Установлено, что величина вакуума, в отличие от температуры, не влияет на его пусковые характеристики. Снижение температуры двигателя до 143 К повышает пусковой ток в 3,5 раза от номинального, при этом частота вращения не превышает 100 мин-1, после чего двигатель останавливаетс

Aplicarea sistemului de hidrochirurgie și a plasmajetului în debridarea toracoscopică a cavității pleurale la copii cu fibrinotorax

Toracoscopia a devenit o modalitate favorizată în tratamentul empiemului pleural la copii. Cu toate acestea, factorii care afectează rezultatul administrării toracoscopice rămân neclari. Scopul studiului este de a demonstra eficiența sistemului de hidrochirurgie "Versajet" și a unității de plasmă "Plasmajet" în tratamentul toracoscopic al copiilor cu complicații pleurale ale pneumoniei. MATERIALE SI METODE. În perioada 2015-2017, la Spitalul de Copii Speransky din Moscova, 377 copii cu pneumonie au fost tratați, la 62 pacienți (16,45%) din 377 am efectuat drenajul cavității pleurale, 14 pacienți cu vârste cuprinse între 1,6 și 15 ani (în medie, 3,2 ± 3,8 ani) cu empiem pleural au fost operați. S-a efectuat decorticarea pulmonară toracoscopică cu sistem de hidrochirurgie (Versajet-2). Sistemul hidrochirurgical este un instrument chirurgical bazat pe impactul jetului de apă de mare viteză asupra țesuturilor necrotice și inflamate, combinând avantajele debridării țesuturilor moi și evacuarea acestora prin pulsarea jetului de apă. Designul tubului de evacuare și apropierea acestuia de jetul lichid creează un vacuum local, care îndepărtează efectiv fibrina și conținutul lichid prin efectul Bernulli. Consimțământul informat a fost obținut de la toți părinții înainte de operare, iar procedura însăși a fost aprobată de comitetul de etică locală. REZULTATE. Recuperarea și reabilitarea fără particularități au fost în 13 cazuri. La un pacient cu empiem al cavității pleurale pe dreapta și leziune organică severă a sistemului nervos central a perioadei postoperatorii după o toracoscopie convențională complicată de recurența empiemului pleural.Retoracoscopia cu debridarea cavității pleurale de către sistemul de hidrochirurgie efectuată la șase zile după operația inițială, a avut rezultate satisfăcătoare. În cazul hemoragiei intraoperatorii, a fost efectuată coagularea plasmei de argon, obținându-se aerostasie completă la 2 pacienți și hemostază - la 1 pacient. Durata medie de funcționare a fost de 90 de minute (± 15 minute). Drenajul cavității pleurale este eliminat în ziua a 3-a sau a 4-a după operație. Copiii externați în ziua a 10-a (± 1,2 zile). Examinarea cu ultrasunete și cu raze X la patru luni după intervenția chirurgicală a confirmat absența inflamației în parenchimul pulmonar și reexpansarea plină pulmonară la toți pacienții. CONCLUZIE. Aplicarea sistemului hidrochirurgical în timpul toracoscopiei asigură o debridare sigură și eficientă a cavității pleurale, decorticările plămânului fiind fără deteriorarea severă a parenchimului pulmonar și crearea condițiilor pentru reabilitarea precoce a plămânilor compromiși.Thoracoscopy became a favored modality in pediatric pleural empyema treatment. However, factors affecting outcome of thoracos- copic management remain unclear. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate efficiency of hydrosurgery system "Versajet" and plasma unit "Plasmajet" in thoracoscopic treatment of children with pleural complications of pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. During the period of 2015-2017 at the Speransky Children’s Hospital in Moscow 377 children with pneumonia were treated, in 62 patients (16.45%) of 377 we perform drainage of pleural cavity, 14 patients from 1.6 to 15 years of age (on average, 3.2 ± 3.8 years old) with pleural empyema were operated. Thoracoscopic lung decortication with hydrosurgery system (Versajet-2) was performed. Hydrosurgery system is a surgical instrument based on impact of high-speed jet of water on necrotic and inflamed tissues, combining the advantages of soft tissues debridement and evacuation them by pulsating water jet. Design of the evacuation tube and its proximity to liquid jet creates a local vacuum, which effectively removes fibrin and liquid contents by Ber- nulli effect. Informed consent was obtained from all parents before operation, and procedure itself received approval from the local ethics committee. RESULTS. Recovery and rehabilitation was uneventful in 13 cases. In one patient with empyema of right pleural cavity and severe organic lesion of central nervous system postoperative period after conventional toracoscopy complicated by recurrence of pleural empyema. Rethoracoscopy with debridement of pleural cavity by hydrosurgery system performed six days after initial operation, with satisfactory results. In the event of intraoperative air leak or hemorrhage, application of argon plasma coagulation had been performed achieving complete aerostasis in 2 patients and hemostasis - in 1 patient. Average operation time was 90 minutes (± 15 minutes). Drainage of the pleural cavity removed on the 3rd or 4th day after surgery. Children discharged from the hospital on 10th PO day (± 1.2 days). Ultrasound and X-ray examination four months after surgery confirmed the absence of inflammation in the lung parenchyma and full lung reexpansion in all patients. CONCLUSION. Application of hydrosurgycal system during thoracoscopy provides safe and effective debridement of pleural cavity, decortications of the lung without severe damage to the lung parenchyma and create conditions for early rehabilitation of compro- mised lung

Prokineticin-1 (PROK1) modulates interleukin (IL)-11 expression via prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) and the calcineurin/NFAT signalling pathway

Prokineticin-1 (PROK1) is a multifunctional secreted protein which signals via the G-protein coupled receptor, PROKR1. Previous data from our laboratory using a human genome survey microarray showed that PROK1–prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) signalling regulates numerous genes important for establishment of early pregnancy, including the cytokine interleukin (IL)-11. Here, we have shown that PROK1–PROKR1 induces the expression of IL-11 in PROKR1 Ishikawa cells and first trimester decidua via the calcium–calcineurin signalling pathway in a guanine nucleotide-binding protein (Gq/11), extracellular signal-regulated kinases, Ca2+ and calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T cells dependent manner. Conversely, treatment of human decidua with a lentiviral miRNA to abolish endogenous PROK1 expression results in a significant reduction in IL-11 expression and secretion. Importantly, we have also shown a regulatory role for the regulator of calcineurin 1 isoform 4 (RCAN1-4). Overexpression of RCAN1-4 in PROKR1 Ishikawa cells using an adenovirus leads to a reduction in PROK1 induced IL-11 indicating that RCAN1-4 is a negative regulator in the calcineurin-mediated signalling to IL-11. Finally, we have shown the potential for both autocrine and paracrine signalling in the human endometrium by co-localizing IL-11, IL-11Rα and PROKR1 within the stromal and glandular epithelial cells of non-pregnant endometrium and first trimester decidua. Overall we have identified and characterized the signalling components of a novel PROK1–PROKR1 signalling pathway regulating IL-11

ПРЕЦИЗИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА ПЕРЕМЕЩЕНИЙ ДЛЯ ОПТИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОНИКИ

The paper proposes a structure of precision motion system built on the basis of a circular multi-coordinate synchronous segment motor and reconfigurable parallel kinematic mechanism. The multi-coordinate synchronous segment motor may have from two to six movable segments depending on the design, and number of the segments generally defines an internal mobility of the motor. A specific feature of the parallel kinematic mechanism consists in the possibility of its structure reconfiguration by serial connection of two neighboring rods with the help of free elements of their spherical joints into triangular circuits with one spherical hinge at the common vertex. As result of this, the controlled motion of motor movable segments is transformed into the complex spatial displacement of circular platform with number of degrees of freedom up to six inclusively.A mathematical model for solution of the kinematic problem in the investigated parallel mechanism has been offered in the paper. The model allows to calculate a position of movable segments of multi-coordinate synchronous motor depending on the desired position and orientation of the executive circular platform. The parametric definition of base point positions in the motor segments in time allows eventually to form algorithms of programmable motions.The paper substantiates ability to embed the developed motion system into projection unit of opto-mechanical equipment while preserving traditional configuration scheme. This provides the possibility of adaptive adjustment of optical elements during operation; it allows to adjust the optical elements when the geometry of projection system is changed due to deterioration. As result, main characteristics of projection system: resolution, depth of field and image contrast and distortion are maintained at the required level. The developed motion system can be used as a coordinate system of positioning, alignment and scanning in the assembly and other precision equipment. Предложена структура прецизионной системы перемещений на базе кольцевого многокоординатного сегментного синхронного двигателя и реконфигурируемого механизма параллельной кинематики. Многокоординатный синхронный двигатель в зависимости от конструктивного исполнения может иметь от двух до шести подвижных сегментов, число которых в целом определяет внутреннюю подвижность двигателя. Особенность механизма параллельной кинематики состоит в возможности его реконфигурирования за счет последовательного соединения двух соседних шатунов свободными элементами их сферических шарниров в треугольные контуры с одним сферическим шарниром в общей вершине. В результате управляемое движение подвижных сегментов двигателя трансформируется в сложное пространственное движение кольцевой платформы механизма с числом степеней свободы до шести включительно.Предложена математическая модель решения задачи кинематики для рассматриваемого параллельного механизма, позволяющая вычислять положения подвижных сегментов синхронного многокоординатного двигателя в зависимости от заданного положения и ориентации исполнительной кольцевой платформы. Параметрические представления положения базовых точек сегментов двигателя во времени позволяют, в конечном итоге, формировать алгоритмы программируемых движений.Обоснована возможность встраивания разработанной системы перемещений в проекционные системы оптикомеханического оборудования с сохранением традиционной схемы компоновки. При этом обеспечивается возможность адаптивной юстировки оптических элементов в процессе эксплуатации, позволяющая подстраивать оптические элементы при изменении геометрии проекционной системы вследствие старения. В результате поддерживаются на требуемом уровне показатели назначения проекционной системы: разрешающая способность, глубина резкости и контрастности изображения, дисторсия. Разработанная система перемещений может быть использована как координатная система позиционирования, совмещения и сканирования в сборочном и другом прецизионном оборудовании.

Fandom and Coercive Empowerment: The commissioned production of Chinese online literature

This article examines how the relationship between consumers and producers of cultural products is shaped by the proprietary nature of digital platforms. Drawing on 4 years of online observation and analysis, we examine the relationship between the producers of online Chinese fiction, amateur writers, and their consumers, that is, the fan communities of readers who respond to their work. Enabled by Chinese literary websites, readers act like sponsors who provide emotional and financial incentives for writers to produce online fictions by commenting, voting, and sending money. Readers become actively involved not just because of the content of the stories but because they form strong commitments to stories and their writers, and gain reciprocity and a sense of self-determination during the interactional process. We argue that although writers are freer from state control online, they are still beholden to the whims of their fans because of what we call the commissioned production of fictions. We contribute to fan community studies by analyzing how commercialized website settings structure the strategies available to participants, how these settings affect the content of the cultural products, and how the Chinese historical and cultural contexts impact the dynamics of the online community.postprin