Metal corrosion inhibition by triazoles : A review

Metal corrosion and the prospects of inhibiting this process have received much interest from society and scientific research. The annual global cost of corrosion is $2.5 trillion, equivalent to roughly 3.4% of the world's gross domestic product. Implementing corrosion prevention best practices could result in global savings of 15-35% of that cost. Numerous studies were documented and dedicated on the triazole nucleus based compounds as fascinating corrosion inhibitors of various metals in hostile media. Their unique electronic structure possessing conjugated pi and unshared pairs of electrons on the nitrogen atoms facilitates their adsorption on metal surfaces. Thus, physical and chemical interactions between the active centers of triazoles and d-orbitals of metallic materials occur to form a film on the surface. The nature of inhibitor activity is disclosed through polarization studies (cathodic, anodic or mixed-type). The range of various substituents on the triazole ring offers a vast array of inhibitory effects. temperature and inhibitor concentration effects must also be regarded when evaluating the corrosion activation and adsorption parameters supported further by the quantum chemical parameters such as DFT and molecular dynamics simulations. In this review, we looked through several instances of the use of distinct substituted triazole nucleus based compounds as significant corrosion inhibitors for different metals in various aggressive media.Peer reviewe

(Z)-2-benzylidene-2H-[1, 4] benzothiazin-3-one(T1) as New Synthesized Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 0.5 M H2SO4

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution by (Z)-2-benzylidene-2H-[1,4]benzothiazin-3-one: (T1)  has been studied using electrochemical polarization , electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and weight loss methods. The corrosion inhibition efficiency measured by all the three techniques was in good agreement with each other. The results showed that T1 is a very good inhibitor for mild steel in acidic media. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. It acts as a mixed-type inhibitor. EIS plots indicated that the addition of T1 increases the charge-transfer resistance (Rct), decreases the double-layer capacitance (Cdl) of the corrosion process, and hence increases inhibition efficiency. The adsorption of the T1 on the mild steel surface in acid solution obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm

The Inhibitive Effect of 2-Phenyl-3-nitroso-imidazo [1, 2-a]pyridine on the Corrosion of Steel in 0.5 M HCl Acid Solution

Abstract: The effect of 2-phenyl-3-nitroso-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (PNIP) on the corrosion inhibition of carbon-steel in 0.5 M HCl was studied by weight loss and different electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization. The obtained results showed that PNIP effectively reduces the corrosion rate of carbon steel. Inhibition efficiency (E%) increases with inhibitor concentration to attain 88% at 10 -3 M. Adsorption of that PNIP on the carbon steel surface in 0.5 M HCl follows the Langmuir isotherm model. E% values obtained from various methods used are in good agreement. SEM characterization of the steel surface is made

Preparation of cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites using 3D printing for biomedical applications

Abstract: Every year, around 140 million tons of synthetic polymers are produced worldwide. Because of their non-degradability in landfills, traditional plastics made with petroleum-based synthetic polymers have caused considerable environmental difficulties. Aware of the growing concern, the proactive approach involves the investigation of polymers derived from renewable and sustainable materials for the production of bioproducts. This strategy provides a viable and novel alternative for reducing greenhouse gas and hazardous emissions, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing the use of nonrenewable resources. As a result, much study has been conducted on numerous types of biopolymers, examining their characteristics and potential medical applications. The results of this research show that cellulose is the most used biopolymer thanks to its biodegradability and various biological properties. To improve these properties, it is desirable to combine cellulose with biomass which bears important biological properties. The choice was the use of Moroccan natural phosphate thanks to the important reserves of phosphate rocks in Morocco, for the preparation of hydroxyapatite and combining them with the prepared cellulose, and then the elaboration of HAp-Cellulose biocomposite, by the method of 3D printing. this biocomposite will be used in the biomedical field

Qualitative flood risk assessment for road and railway infrastructures: the experience of the MOVIDA project

The Po River District Authority promoted the MOVIDA project with the aim to define appropriate methodologies for flood risk assessment and being compliant with the European Floods Directive (Directive 2007/60/EC). A dedicated Open Source Geographic Information System (i.e. QGIS geoprocessing modules) has been developed for mapping the expected damages in all areas at significant risk in the Po District (Northern Italy), considering five categories of exposed elements (population, infrastructures, economic activities, environmental and cultural heritage, and na-tech sites). Focusing on road and railway infrastructures, the methodology proposed within the project adopts information coming from different data sources (Regional Geoportals, Open Street Map, etc.) and allows to qualitatively estimate the potential risk associated with a flood event. Different risk classes (High, Medium, Low and Null) are assigned in relation to roads category (i.e., Highways, Main, Secondary, Service, Other) or railways type (High-Speed train or not), thus considering both the relevance of the infrastructure itself (as well as its topographical characteristics: e.g. tunnel, bridge, etc.) and the magnitude of the expected event (i.e., hazard). The definition of the risk matrix led to the estimation of the lengths of the sections exposed to different risk levels, which is useful to support the definition of potential mitigation measures and support the competent bodies in the organization of the rescue.</p

Does an ant-dispersed plant, Viola reichenbachiana, suffer from reduced seed dispersal under inundation disturbances?

Many plant species use ants as seed dispersers. This dispersal mode is considered to be susceptible to disturbances, but the effect of natural, small-scale disturbances is still unknown. We investigated how small-scale disturbances due to inundation affect seed dispersal in Viola reichenbachiana, a dominant myrmecochorous herb in riparian forests. Inundation disturbances were high in depressions and low on hillocks of the forest floor. We found that V reichenbachiana was similarly abundant at highly and less disturbed sites, contrary to other, non ant-dispersed species. We also found that the motivation of ants to disperse seeds was higher at highly disturbed sites. Nevertheless, the number of seeds dispersed was similar at highly disturbed and weakly disturbed sites and seedlings of V reichenbachiana were equally abundant. We conclude that inundation disturbances do not interfere with mutualistic seed dispersal by ants in V reichenbachiana, and suggest that this may possibly contribute to the persistence of V reichenbachiana under inundation. (c) 2007 Gesellschaft fur Okologie

Enhancement of corrosion protection efficiency of mild steel by 3,5-di(4-tolyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole in hydrochloric acid medium

New 3,5-disubstituted-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole derivative, namely 3,5-di(4-tolyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (4-DTAT) was synthesised and its inhibitive action against the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution was investigated at 308 K. The detailed study of 4-DTAT was been performed using gravimetric measurements and polarisation curves method. Results show that 4-DTAT is a good inhibitor and its inhibition efficiency reaches 95 % at·10−4 M. Tafel polarisation study revealed that 4-DTAT acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The adsorption of 4-DTAT on steel surface obeyed Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm. The inhibitor adsorption process in mild steel/4-DTAT/hydrochloric acid system was studied at different temperatures (308-323 K) by means of weight loss measurements

The Inhibitive Effect of 2-Phenyl-3-nitroso-imidazo [1, 2-a]pyridine on the Corrosion of Steel in 0.5 M HCl Acid Solution

The effect of 2-phenyl-3-nitroso-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (PNIP) on the corrosion inhibition of carbon-steel in 0.5 M HCl was studied by weight loss and different electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization. The obtained results showed that PNIP effectively reduces the corrosion rate of carbon steel. Inhibition efficiency (E%) increases with inhibitor concentration to attain 88% at 10-3 M. Adsorption of that PNIP on the carbon steel surface in 0.5 M HCl follows the Langmuir isotherm model. E% values obtained from various methods used are in good agreement. SEM characterization of the steel surface is made