Geological Characterization and Reserve Growth Potential of Spraberry Reservoirs in the Midland Basin, West Texas

Major reservoirs in the Spraberry-Dean play of the Midland Basin, West Texas, initially contained approximately 10.6 billion barrels of oil at discovery. However, current projections indicate that only around 7 percent of this vast resource will be recovered. Despite the significant remaining reserves, a large amount of mobile oil remains trapped in place due to reservoir heterogeneities at abandonment. Consequently, these reservoirs present excellent opportunities for reserve growth through extended conventional recovery methods. Given the substantial volume of movable, nonresidual oil estimated to be present (more than 4 billion barrels), the Spraberry reservoirs were selected for detailed reinvestigation aimed at extended conventional recovery through strategic infield exploration. It was recognized that these reservoirs exhibit significant heterogeneity. Therefore, the primary objective of the project was to determine how an understanding of the genetic stratigraphy of these reservoirs could be leveraged to maximize recovery. Traditionally, Spraberry reservoirs have been perceived as homogeneous "layer cake" oil pools, with development strategies focusing on natural fractures while overlooking the depositional sedimentary architecture of the productive sandstones and siltstones. This reinvestigation seeks to rectify this oversight and explore new approaches to optimize recovery from these complex reservoirs.Bureau of Economic Geolog

Evaluation of Two "in vitro" Digestibility Tests with the "in vivo" Test of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) Feeding

The purpose of the present study was to compare two types of "in vitro" digestibility assays by using commercial enzymes and guinea pig cecalliquor with the in vivo assay, to identify the assay that most resembles the in vivo response. The alfalfa was used in two cutting times of 30 and 45 days. The "in vivo" digestibility of alfalfa was analyzed, obtaining that after 30 days of cutting the digestibility was 53.64% and at 45 days it was 47.72%, while for the digestibility "in vitro", the DaisyII®-Ankom Technology with cecal liquor and commercial pepsin; for the cecal liquor a value of 55.46% and 49.90% was obtained, for the alfalfa in the two cutting times, while the digestibility with enzymes was 71.01% and 66.34% respectively. It was determined that the method with more relation to the in vivo test corresponds to the trial with cecal liquor, because it presents a lower statistical difference (p <0.05) for both cut-off times. At the same time, it is identified that the protein is the nutrient that has a higher digestibility coefficient, becoming an indicator of the nutritional quality of the food

Diseño, síntesis y evaluación citotóxica de un inhibidor selectivo de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) mediante cribado virtual

La depresión es una de las enfermedades mentales más comunes y afecta a casi 300 millones de personas. Según la OMS, la depresión es una de las principales causas de discapacidad y morbilidad en el mundo. Las personas que padecen esta enfermedad requieren tratamiento tanto psicológico como farmacológico, ya que los episodios depresivos graves suelen desembocar en suicidio. Los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) son antidepresivos muy utilizados que actúan sobre el transportador humano de serotonina (hSERT). La cristalización del hSERT y los datos experimentales disponibles permiten utilizar herramientas computacionales de coste y tiempo eficientes, como el cribado virtual (VS), en el desarrollo de agentes terapéuticos. En este trabajo sintetizamos, caracterizamos y evaluamos la actividad biológica de un nuevo análogo ISRS de la paroxetina, diseñado racionalmente mediante la aplicación de un modelo QSAR basado en redes neuronales artificiales y un análisis de acoplamiento molecular sobre hSERT. El análogo N-sustituido 18a mostró mayor afinidad por el transportador (-10,2 kcal/mol), menor valor Ki (1,19 nM) y un perfil toxicológico más seguro que la paroxetina y se sintetizó con un rendimiento del 71%. La citotoxicidad in vitro del análogo se evaluó utilizando líneas celulares de glioblastoma humano (U87 MG), neuroblastoma humano (SH SY5Y) y fibroblastos murinos (L929). También se evaluó la capacidad hemolítica del compuesto en eritrocitos humanos. Los resultados mostraron que el análogo 18a no mostró actividad citotóxica en las líneas celulares utilizadas y no tiene actividad hemolítica en ninguna de las concentraciones ensayadas, mientras que con paroxetina se observó hemólisis a 2,3, 1,29 y 0,67 mM. En base a estos resultados, es posible sugerir que el análogo 18a podría ser un nuevo y prometedor candidato a ISRS para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad.Depression is one of the most common mental illnesses, affecting almost 300 million people. According to the WHO, depression is one of the world's leading causes of disability and morbidity. People with this illness require both psychological and pharmaceutical treatment because severe depressive episodes often result in suicide. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are widely used antidepressants that target the human serotonin transporter (hSERT). The crystallization of hSERT and the experimental data available allows cost and time-efficient computational tools like virtual screening (VS) to be utilized in the development of therapeutic agents. Here, we synthesized, characterized, and evaluated the biological activity of a novel SSRI analog of paroxetine, rationally designed by applying an artificial neural network-based QSAR model and a molecular docking analysis on hSERT. The analog N-substituted 18a showed higher affinity for the transporter (-10.2 kcal/mol), lower Ki value (1.19 nM) and a safer toxicological profile than paroxetine and was synthesized with a 71% yield. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the analog was evaluated using human glioblastoma (U87 MG), human neuroblastoma (SH SY5Y) and murine fibroblast (L929) cell lines. Also, the hemolytic ability of the compound was assessed on human erythrocytes. Results showed that analog 18a did not exhibit cytotoxic activity on the cell lines used and has no hemolytic activity at any of the concentrations tested, whereas with paroxetine, hemolysis was observed at 2.3, 1.29 y 0.67 mM. Based on these results, it is possible to suggest that analog 18a could be a promising new SSRI candidate for the treatment of this illness

A note about the ground state of the H3+{\rm H}_3^+ hydrogen molecular ion

Three simple $7-, (7+3)-, 10-$parametric trial functions for the ${\rm H}_3^+$ molecular ion are presented. Each of them provides subsequently the most accurate approximation for the Born-Oppenheimer ground state energy among several-parametric trial functions. These trial functions are chosen following a criterion of physical adequacy and includes the electronic correlation in the exponential form $\sim\exp{(\gamma r_{12})}$, where $\gamma$ is a variational parameter. The Born-Oppenheimer energy is found to be $E=-1.340 34, -1.340 73, -1.341 59$\,a.u., respectively, for optimal equilateral triangular configuration of protons with the equilibrium interproton distance $R=1.65$\,a.u. The variational energy agrees in three significant digits (s.d.) with most accurate results available at present as well as for major expectation values.Comment: 12 pages, 1 figure, 3 table

Evolution of an elliptical bubble in an accelerating extensional flow

Mathematical models that describe the dynamical behavior of a thin gas bubble embedded in a glass fiber during a fiber drawing process have been discussed and analyzed. The starting point for the mathematical modeling was the equations presented in [1] for a glass fiber with a hole undergoing extensional flow. These equations were reconsidered here with the additional reduction that the hole, i.e. the gas bubble, was thin as compared to the radius of the fiber and of finite extent. The primary model considered was one in which the mass of the gas inside the bubble was fixed. This fixed-mass model involved equations for the axial velocity and fiber radius, and equations for the radius of the bubble and the gas pressure inside the bubble. The model equations assumed that the temperature of the furnace of the drawing tower was known. The governing equations of the bubble are hyperbolic and predict that the bubble cannot extend beyond the limiting characteristics specified by the ends of the initial bubble shape. An analysis of pinch-off was performed, and it was found that pinch-off can occur, depending on the parameters of the model, due to surface tension when the bubble radius is small. In order to determine the evolution of a bubble, a numerical method of solution was presented. The method was used to study the evolution of two different initial bubble shapes, one convex and the other non-convex. Both initial bubble shapes had fore-aft symmetry, and it was found that the bubbles stretched and elongated severely during the drawing process. For the convex shape, fore-aft symmetry was lost in the middle of the drawing process, but the symmetry was re-gained by the end of the drawing tower. A small amount of pinch-off was observed at each end for this case, so that the final bubble length was slightly shorter than its theoretical maximum length. For the non-convex initial shape, pinch-off occurred in the middle of the bubble resulting in two bubbles by the end of the fiber draw. The two bubbles had different final pressures and did not have fore-aft symmetry. An extension of the fixed-mass model was considered in which the gas in the bubble was allowed to diffuse into the surrounding glass. The governing equations for this leaky-mass model were developed and manipulated into a form suitable for a numerical treatment

Experiência em pesquisa: a trajetória do Grupo de Pesquisa em usuários de informação

Se comparte la trayectoria del Grupo de Investigación sobre Usuarios de la Información perteneciente a la cátedra “Usuarios de la Información” de la Escuela de Bibliotecología, Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina. Se muestra la evolución, desarrollo y crecimiento del mismo, así como de las investigadoras que lo integran. Se exponen y explican brevemente las investigaciones realizadas y la investigación en curso, partiendo de la teoría de la sociedad de las tecnologías de la información (Castells, 2002), de las que aportaron a la evolución de la alfabetización en información (Kunhlthau - 1987; Bruce - 1997, Eisenberg - 1998, SCONUL - 1999; ACRL - 1989; Webber y Johnson - 2002; Walter - 2007 y UNESCO - 2008). Como así también las teorías de Aprendizaje de Bruner, Ausubel y Vygotsky. Se finaliza la presente ponencia realizando una proyección sobre el futuro de este grupo tomando como referencia los frutos resultantes de las investigaciones que marcaron esta trayectoria

El registro geológico inédito de Bonpland sobre la turba malvinera

The present work focused on the identification of and the historical value given to the geological records, linked to the Malvinas Islands and Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, which the French naturalist Aimé Bonpland (1773-1858) enumerates and describes in his geological catalogue, individualized as manuscript MS 210. These were examined for the first time by this investigation in the year 2018 during a study of Bonpland’s non digitalized Files at the National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France. The aforementioned records had their origin in the geological samples given by Mr. Luis Vernet (1791-1871), the first governor and Argentinian commandant of the Malvinas Islands, when both of them were in Buenos Aires in the year 1832. Samples were classified and incorporated in the General Geology Catalog of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris as brown peat from the Malvinas Islands and rocks from Isla de los Estados, belonging to the Bonpland Collection with Argentina as a country of origin. At the same time, the aforementioned geological catalogue is documented, and Bonpland’s 1832 letters to Humboldt are analyzed, in relation to the context and interest that those letters represent for the history of the Argentine Republic.El presente trabajo se centró en la identificación y puesta en valor histórico de los registros geológicos, vinculados a las Islas Malvinas y Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, que enumera y describe en su Catálogo Geológico, individualizado como manuscrito MS 210, el naturalista francés Aimé Bonpland (1773-1858). Éstos fueron examinados por primera vez por esta investigación en el año 2018 durante un estudio sobre los Archivos Bonpland no digitalizados y depositados en el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, París, Francia. Los registros mencionados tuvieron su origen en las muestras geológicas entregadas por el Sr. Luis Vernet (1791-1871), primer gobernador y comandante argentino de las Islas Malvinas, cuando ambos coincidieron con su presencia en Buenos Aires en el año 1832. Estas muestras fueron estudiadas, clasificadas e incorporadas al Catálogo de Geología General del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de París, como Turba de color marrón de las Islas Malvinas, y Rocas de la Isla de los Estados, pertenecientes a la Colección Bonpland y como país de origen Argentina. Del mismo modo, se documenta el mencionado catálogo geológico, y se analizan las cartas de Bonpland a Humboldt de 1832, en orden al contexto e interés que las mismas representan para la historia de la República Argentina