Санкции против России: эффективность и влияние на национальную безопасность России

The current stage of development of the entire world community, including Russia, is associated with such a thing as “sanction wars”. As an example, one can recall the introduction of US sanctions against China, Iran, Venezuela, and other countries, European sanctions, as well as various countersanctions of countries subjected to sanction pressure.As part of this paper, the sanctions imposed against Russia in connection with the Ukrainian crisis in 2014 and countersanctions imposed by Russia are considered. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of sanctions and countersanctions on the national security of Russia. In this regard, the following tasks were set: to identify the list of sanctions of Western countries imposed against Russia and their impact on the national security of Russia, to identify the list of countersanctions of Russia against Western countries and their impact on the national security of Russia, to identify further actions of Russia to ensure the national security of Russia under the conditions of sanction pressure.The study is based on the dialectical, historical and systematic approach, analysis, synthesis and comparison, induction and deduction. The study analyzed Russian and international literature on the topic of sanctions and their impact on national security.Based on the results of the study, the directions of economic development based on the promotion of import substitution, innovation and public-private partnerships with the aim of ensuring the national security of Russia under the conditions of sanction pressure have been proposed. The findings of the study may be of interest to the academic community, studying the impact of sanctions on the national security of the country. The experience of Russia may be of interest to countries subjected to sanction pressure from the United States and its allies.La etapa actual de desarrollo de toda la comunidad mundial, incluida Rusia, está asociada con cosas como "guerras de sanciones", por ejemplo, podemos recordar la introducción de sanciones de Estados Unidos contra China, Irán, Venezuela y otros países, sanciones europeas, así como varios países. sometido a presión de sanción. Como parte de este artículo, se consideran las sanciones impuestas contra Rusia en relación con la crisis ucraniana en 2014 y las sanciones contrarias impuestas por Rusia. El propósito de este estudio es determinar el impacto de las sanciones y contra-sanciones en la seguridad nacional de Rusia. En este sentido, se establecieron las siguientes tareas: determinar la lista de sanciones de los países occidentales impuestas contra Rusia, y su impacto en la seguridad nacional de Rusia, determinar la lista de contra-sanciones de Rusia contra los países occidentales y su impacto en la seguridad nacional de Rusia, para determinar acciones adicionales de Rusia para garantizar la seguridad nacional de Rusia bajo condiciones de presión de sanción. El estudio se basa en un enfoque dialéctico, histórico y sistemático, análisis, síntesis y comparación, inducción y deducción. El estudio analizó la literatura rusa e internacional sobre el tema de las sanciones y su impacto en la seguridad nacional. Sobre la base de los resultados del estudio, se proponen las direcciones del desarrollo económico basadas en la promoción de la sustitución de importaciones, la innovación y las asociaciones público-privadas con el objetivo de garantizar la seguridad nacional de Rusia en condiciones de presión de sanción. Los hallazgos del estudio pueden ser de interés para la comunidad científica, al estudiar el impacto de las sanciones en la seguridad nacional del país, la experiencia de Rusia puede ser de interés para los países sujetos a la presión de las sanciones de los Estados Unidos y sus aliados.современный этап развития всего мирового сообщества, в том числе России, связан с таким явлением как «санкционные войны», в качестве примера можно вспомнить введение санкции США против Китая, Ирана, Венесуэлы и других стран, европейские санкции, а также различные контрсанкции стран, подвергшихся санкционному давлению.В рамках данной статьи рассмотрены санкции, введенные против России в связи с украинским кризисом в 2014 году, и контрсанкции введенные Россией. Целью данного исследования является определение влияния санкций и контрсанкций на национальную безопасность России. В этой связи были поставлены следующие задачи: определить перечень санкции западных стран, введенных против России, и их влияние на национальную безопасность России, определить перечень контрсанкций России против западных стран и их влияние на национальную безопасность России, определить дальнейшее действия России по обеспечению национальной безопасности России в условиях санкционного давления.Исследование основано на диалектическом, историческом и системном подходе, анализе, синтезе и сравнении, индукции и дедукции. В исследовании проанализирована российская и международная литература на тему санкций и их влияния на национальную безопасность.По итогам исследования предложены направления экономического развития, основанные на стимулировании импортозамещения, инноваций и государственно-частного партнерства с целью обеспечения национальной безопасности России в условиях санкционного давления. Выводы, полученные в ходе исследования, могут быть интересны научному сообществу, изучающие влияние санкций на национальную безопасность страны, опыт России может быть интересен странам, подвергшимся санкционному давлению США и их союзников

Gender features of sensorimotor function in young people with motor asymmetry

We have examined 745 healthy young adults aged 21,4±2,6 (including 493 men and 252-women) by using the appliance «Computer movements measurer». Having investigated the sexual features of sensor-motor function taking into account the motor asymmetry we have found that the most likely (p&lt;0,05) differences between the central (switch of central units), subcortical (movement cycle durability) and medullary (reaction time to light) mechanisms of movements appear in left-handed women. The significant results show that there is the polynomial relationship between the left and right hand accuracy measures by taking into account the motor asymmetry in both men and women.</p

Modern requirements to preparation of professional and pedagogical personnel

The relevance of the researched problem is caused by the need of providing the educational organizations of the system of professional education with specialists in projecting and implementation of educational programs of training of workers and specialists of a middle link, and formation of a personnel resource for innovative productions. The purpose of the presented article consists in consideration of the discrepancies arising while introduction of the professional standard "Teacher of Vocational Training, Vocational Education and Further Vocational Education" and changes revelation of a pedagogical personnel which are necessary for improvement of preparation quality. The leading approach to the research of this problem is the system-based approach which allows us to reveal the discrepancies arising by the comparison of the professional standard and educational programs that are developed taking into account requirements of the educational standard for the direction of preparation Vocational Training (branch-wise). According to the analysis results, the option of adjustment of educational programs for the direction of preparation Vocational Training (branch-wise) is offered; it promotes improvement of preparation quality of pedagogical personnel for the system of professional education and further vocational education, and also the corporate educational organizations and innovative productions. The materials of the publication can be useful to heads of educational organizations while forming the personnel potential in educational institutions. © 2016 Zyryanova et al

Mineral composition of rhizomes Potentilla erecta L.

Chemical substances, which accumulate selectively by plants, can influence at their pharmacological action: to increase or decrease their absorption, resorptive properties; be synergists or antagonists, as well as to reduce or enhance the toxic effect. Potentilla erecta used in traditional herbal medicine system in many countries due to high therapeutic value. The concentrations of secondary metabolites in the plant raw materials are well understood. However, the data on concentration of trace and major elemental composition of it raw material remains extremely insufficient. The aim of our study was to examine the elemental compound of P. erecta rhizomes. The object of study was the rhizomes of P. erecta from a various natural zones of Ukraine (Carpathians, Polesie). Raw material was analyzed by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Twenty nine elements were identified in studied samples. It was established that the level of concentration decreases in this sequence: Ca > S > Mg > K > Sn > I > P > Ba > Al > Zn > Mn > Fe > Sr > Si > Ag > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb > V > Se > Ti > Cd > Ge > Na > Mo > Co > As > Bi. Ca, S and Mg are present in high concentrations in both analyzed samples of P. erecta. K, Sn, I, P, Ba and Al were identified in quantities of more than 100 mg/kg. Other elements found in small quantities. The content of some metals was significantly different in the analyzed samples. The main reason is, probably, the difference between the ecological conditions of plants habitats. The experimental data can be used for prognosing and planning pharmacological research of P. erecta and development of quality control methods for plant material of this medicinal plant

Pancreatic toxicity of influenza A/H1N1-California virus infection in mice at the background of hyperglycemia induced by streptozotocin administration

Particular attention in the study of comorbid conditions is paid to viral diseases, in particular, those caused by the pandemic influenza virus type A subtype H1N1, as one of the most pathogenic and contagious. Investigation of the effect of this virus in the development of diabetes mellitus will make it possible to more effectively carry out preclinical studies to find the most effective methods of treating a viral infection against the background of a pre-existing somatic pathology. Purpose of the study was to evaluate the pancreatic toxicity effect of exposure to influenza A/H1N1-California virus in the development of streptozotocin diabetes in DBA/2 and BALB/c mice. Material and methods. Groups of mice DBA/2 (n = 36) and BALB/c (n = 58) were formed: infected with influenza A/H1N1-California virus (at different doses); with the introduction of a solution of streptozotocin at a dose of 150 mg / kg; with the combined use of agents. Life expectancy, blood glucose and insulin level, pathomorphological changes in the pancreas were assessed. Results and discussion. The death of animals was observed only in mice of the DBA/2 line: with the introduction of streptozotocin – 12.5 %, with intranasal infection with the virus (at a dose of 5.7 lg TCID50) – 80 %, with combined exposure – 78 %. A comparative study of mice of the DBA/2 and BALB/c lines showed the possibility of using mice of both lines to study the combined effect of influenza A/H1N1 virus and experimental diabetes, taking into account the dose of infection. Infection of BALB/c mice caused the formation of morphological changes only in the exocrine part of the pancreas. In mice of both lines, after the administration of streptozotocin, persistent hyperglycemia was formed, and pathomorphological changes in the pancreas were recorded mainly in the endocrine part. Similar changes in the pancreas, but more severe, involving the exocrine zone, were found during subsequent infection: in mice of the DBA/2 line in the form of a focal disorder of the acinar structure with degeneration of acinocytes and a compensatory regenerative reaction of cells in intact areas; in mice of the BALB/c line in the form of more significant damage to the ductal system than in DBA/2 with the formation of powerful periductal fibrosis and mononuclear infiltrates. Conclusions. A comparative study showed that DBA/2 mice had more pronounced changes in both the exocrine and endocrine apparatus of the pancreas when infected with influenza A/H1N1-California virus and experimental diabetes mellitus

Vortex vs spinning string: Iordanskii force and gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect

We discuss the transverse force acting on the spinning cosmic string, moving in the background matter. It comes from the gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect and corresponds to the Iordanskii force acting on the vortex in superfluids, when the vortex moves with respect to the normal component of the liquid.Comment: Latex file, 9 pages, no figures, references are added, version submitted to JETP Let

ВЛИЯНИЕ НЕЛИНЕЙНЫХ ИСКАЖЕНИЙ НА ВСТРЕЧНЫЙ КАНАЛ ПРИЕМА В ПАССИВНЫХ ОПТИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ ВЫНУЖДЕННЫМ РАССЕЯНИЕМ МАНДЕЛЬШТАМА-БРИЛЛЮЭНА

An analysis of nonlinear distortion in passive optical networks (PON), due to stimulated Mandel'shtam - Brillouin scattering is performed. It is shown that starting with a pump power of the signal / noise ratio at the input of the receiver opposite direction decreases sharply, which leads to increased likelihood of errors.Произведен анализ нелинейных искажений в пассивных оптических сетях (PON), вызванных вынужденным рассеянием Мандельштама-Бриллюэна. Показано, что начиная с некоторой мощности накачки отношение сигнал/шум на входе приемника встречного направления резко уменьшается, что ведет к повышению вероятности ошибки

Organization experience of diagnostic and medicosocial services for patients with Charcot—Marie—Tooth disease in Krasnoyarsk region

Hereditary neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most common form of hereditary polyneuropathies. Goal of the study was the development of evidence-based diagnostic and treatment algorithms using patients with CMT (for example, in Krasnoyarsk Territory).Materials and methods: A total of 324 people. (probands and their relatives 1 and 2 lines of kinship). We analyzed 125 (38,5 %) clinical cases of CMT, 64/125 (51,2 %) clinical cases were include to statistical analysis (probands and their family trees, past the full range of clinical and laboratory findings according to the protocol this study). Age ranged from 6 to 81 years, median age — 30,5 years, including women 24 (37,5 %), median age — 33,5 years; males 40 (62,5 %), median age — 28,5 years. Methods of diagnosis: clinical, genetic, neurophysiological, molecular genetic, assessment of quality of life assessment of anxiety and depression.Results: The family history of CMT noted in 53/57 (93,0 %) cases, with a predominance of autosomal dominant type of inheritance —52 (91,2 %) cases. As a result of DNA testing duplication of peripheral myelin protein gene (RMR22) on chromosome 17, held 34 survey, this mutation was found in 17 (50,0 %) patients. Modified method of computer esthesiometry for CMT diagnosis using domestic diagnostic equipment “Vibrotester-MBN” BT-02-1 has a high sensitivity in the early stages of the disease and can be recommended for more widespread adoption of on par with other subjects of the Russian Federation

Искусственная вентиляция легких у пациентов с морбидным ожирением при лапароскопических операциях в положении Тренделенбурга (обзор литературы)

   The literature review is devoted to the peculiarities of artificial lung ventilation (ALV) in patients with morbid obesity during laparoscopic oncosurgical interventions in the Trendelenburg position. At present, there are no consensus recommendations on the choice of the optimal ALV mode during anesthesia in this area of oncosurgery. When analyzing data obtained from other types of operations, there was no impression that there were significant advantages of any ALV modes, both with volume and pressure control. However, high values of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) have the most evidence of benefit in this category of patients, and the inversion of the duration of the respiratory cycle phases without creating a high PEEP can help reduce the risk of lung damage when all other ALV techniques do not allow for adequate oxygenation.   Обзор литературы посвящен особенностям проведения искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ) у пациентов с морбидным ожирением при лапароскопических онкохирургических вмешательствах в положении Тренделенбурга. В настоящее время согласительные рекомендации по выбору оптимального режима ИВЛ при проведении анестезии в этой области онкохирургии отсутствуют. При анализе данных, полученных при других видах операций, не сложилось впечатления о наличии значимых преимуществ каких-либо режимов ИВЛ – как с управлением по объему, так и по давлению. Тем не менее больше всего доказательств в отношении пользы применения у такой категории больных имеют высокие значения положительного давления в конце выдоха (ПДКВ), инверсия продолжительности фаз дыхательного цикла без создания высокого ПДКВ может способствовать снижению риска повреждения легких в условиях, когда все остальные методики ИВЛ не позволяют добиться адкеватной оксигенации