Diet and fertility among Kalahari Bushmen

African Studies Center Working Paper No. 1

Exchange, interaction and settlement in northwestern Botswana: past and present perspective

African Studies Center Working Paper No. 3

Research training in a ‘real-life’ survey

A whole course or module is built round a survey research project devised in collaboration with a partner agency which may be an outside body (e.g. local government) or a unit in the teaching institution (such as a research group or the library). Other elements of the course/module, such as methodology, may extend and qualify understandings gained through the project

The Distribution of Revenues From State-Collected Consumer Taxes

Värdegrundsarbetet i förskolan där genus och likabehandling står i fokus är ett ämne som skall arbetas aktivt med och det var detta som var grunden i underökning. Undersökningen utgick ifrån två frågor som handlade om pedagogernas kompetens i genusvetenskap samt vilka genuspedagogiska strategier som de använde i arbetet med barnen. För att undersöka detta så valde jag att använda mig av en halvstrukturerad enkät där de flesta frågorna var av öppen karaktär för att kunna fånga vad pedagogernas kunskap om de olika genusvetenskapliga begreppen. De slutna frågorna fångade vilka genuspedagogiska strategier som pedagogerna använde i sitt arbete med barnen. 40 enkäter delades ut till pedagogerna i ett rektorsområde. Från resultatdelen kunde det utläsas att det var många olika definitioner på de genusvetenskapliga begreppen och att flertalet av pedagogerna inte hade samma syn som forskningen kring om det beror på det sociala eller det biologiska när barnen positionerar sig som pojkar eller flickor. Resultatet visade också att endast ett fåtal pedagogerna använder sig av det komplicerande och normkritiska arbetssättet med barnen och att lite fler än hälften tycker att de har tillräckligt med kunskap för att arbeta med genus. Slutsatser som kunde dras från resultaten från enkäten är att pedagogernas kompetenser i de genusvetenskapliga begreppen är på olika nivå och att de varierar väldigt mycket. Därför drog jag den slutsatsen att det är därför som det komplicerande och normkritiska arbetet inte används i arbetet med genus i förskolan. Ändå så ansåg flertalet av de pedagoger som inte arbetade med det komplicerande och normkritiska arbetet att de ändå hade tillräckligt med kunskap i genus. Kompetens i ett ämne gör att det är möjligt att ta ut svängarna, att verkligen se hur barnen gör genus i barngruppen och att ifrågasätta normer i samhället tillsammans med barnen

Robust and Resilient Finite-Time Control of a Class of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems

In this paper, we address the finite-time state-feedback stabilization of a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems with conic type nonlinearities, bounded feedback control gain perturbations, and additive disturbances. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a robust and resilient linear statefeedback controller for this class of systems are derived. Then, using linear matrix inequality techniques, a solution for the controller gain is obtained. The developed controller is robust for all unknown nonlinearities lying in a hyper-sphere and all admissible disturbances. Moreover, it is resilient against any bounded perturbations that may alter the controller’s gain by at most a prescribed amount. We conclude the paper with a numerical example showcasing the applicability of the main result

Robust and Resilient Finite-time Bounded Control of Discrete-time Uncertain Nonlinear Systems

Finite-time state-feedback stabilization is addressed for a class of discrete-time nonlinear systems with conic-type nonlinearities, bounded feedback control gain perturbations, and additive disturbances. First, conditions for the existence of a robust and resilient linear state-feedback controller for this class of systems are derived. Then, using linear matrix inequality techniques, a solution for the controller gain and the maximum allowable bound on the gain perturbation is obtained. The developed controller is robust for all unknown nonlinearities lying in a known hypersphere with an uncertain center and all admissible disturbances. Moreover, it is resilient against any bounded perturbations that may alter the controller’s gain by at most a prescribed amount. The paper is concluded with a numerical example showcasing the applicability of the main result

The Raman Spectrum of Boron Trifluoride Gas

The Raman spectrum of BF3 was photographed using a purified preparation obtained from the thermal decomposition of C6H5N2BF4. Of the lines observed, that with the frequency 888 cm^—1 is certainly, and the band at 439–513 cm^—1 is probably due to BF3. The Raman frequencies and the infra-red results of Bailey et al. are assigned to the fundamental modes of vibrations

Auxilary instruments of labor: The homogenization of diversity in the discourse of ethnicity

African Studies Seminar series. Paper presented 3 May 1993In the creation of an image of national unity successful political states employ their power of cultural hegemony to facilitate the continual renewal of forms of involuntary ascription, such as ethnicity, that can coexist with a national consciousness without apparent contradiction precisely because they are cultural, that is ascribed, and therefore appear both natural and national from the perspective of individuals. Continued tacit acceptance of imposed ethnic terms for current political discourse (e.g., in Eastern Europe, Islamic Asia, southern Africa, USA minorities) reaffirms the established status of these terms as the most readily available avenue for collective self-identification and action. "So long as social practice continues to be pursued as if ethnicity did hold the key to the structures of inequality, the protectionism of the dominant and the responses of the dominated alike serve to reproduce an ethnically ordered world" (Comaroff 1987:xxx). It is particularly important to stress this at a time' when a philosophy of primordial ethnicity is being widely reasserted as a form of neo-racism to justify new or continued suppression of dispossessed ethnic groups. In this paper, I will analyze processes of ethnicization, identity construction, and class formation in Botswana. In ethnicity and tribalism are conflated (e.g., Vail 1989). But tribes, as Vail's authors make abundently clear, are a product of colonial engagement; they are essentially administrative constructs. On the other hand, ethnicity as a central logic emerged out of conflicts engendered in competition for favored positions among these tribal constructs. The emergent ethnicities were formulated out of an amalgam of preexisting indigenous and inserted colonial partitive ideologies. A dominant class - in colonial Africa, this was often an ascendent 'tribal' aristocracy - defined and determined the terms of subordinate class competition which is the seedbed of ethnicizing processes