The prevention of anxiety in children through school-based interventions: study protocol for a 24-month follow-up of the PACES project

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: Anxiety in children is common and incapacitating and increases the risk of mental health disorders in adulthood. Although effective interventions are available, few children are identified and referred for specialist treatment. Alternative approaches in which prevention programmes are delivered in school appear promising. However, comparatively little is known about the best intervention leader (health care-led vs. school-led), long-term effects or the primary preventive value of such programmes. METHODS/DESIGN: Preventing Anxiety in Children through Education in Schools, or PACES, is a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioural therapy prevention programme (FRIENDS) on symptoms of anxiety and low mood in 9- to 10-year-old children. Forty-one schools were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: school-led FRIENDS, health care-led FRIENDS or treatment as usual. Assessments were undertaken at baseline, 6 months and 12 months, with the primary outcome measure being the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale score at 12 months. Secondary outcome measures are changes in self-esteem, worries, bullying and life satisfaction. DISCUSSION: This protocol summarises the procedure for the 24-month follow-up of this cohort. The study will determine the medium-term effectiveness of an anxiety prevention programme delivered in schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN23563048.The project is funded by the NIHR Public Health Research Programme (09/3000/03

School-based intervention to reduce anxiety in children: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (PACES)

This is the final version of the article. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: Emotional problems such as anxiety and low mood in children are common, impair everyday functioning and increase the risk of severe mental health disorders in adulthood. Relatively few children with emotional health problems are identified and referred for treatment indicating the need to investigate preventive approaches. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is designed to be a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an efficacious school-based cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) prevention program (FRIENDS) on symptoms of anxiety and low mood in children 9 to 10 years of age. The unit of allocation is schools which are assigned to one of three conditions: school-led FRIENDS, health-led FRIENDS or treatment as usual. Assessments will be undertaken at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The primary outcome measure is change on the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Secondary outcome measures assess changes in self-esteem, worries, bullying and life satisfaction. An economic evaluation will be undertaken. DISCUSSION: As of September 2011, 41 schools have been recruited and randomized. Final 12-month assessments are scheduled to be completed by May 2013. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN23563048.The project is funded by the NIHR Public Health Research Programme (09/3000/03

Влияние микроструктуры сплавов на основе магния на катодное выделение водорода

Solubility of several transition metal chlorides (NiCl2, CrCl2, MoCl3, FeCl2) was measured in KCl-AlCl3 based melts. It was found that the solubility of studied metal chlorides depends on K : Al mole ratio. MoCl3 solubility decreases with increasing AlCl3 content. Solubility of CrCl2 and FeCl2 reaches maximum at K : Al ratio of 1 and decreases when this ratio either de-creases or increases. The dependence of NiCl2 solubility on K : Al mole ratio is V-shaped with the maximum near 0.9–0.95. The effect of temperature on solubility of transition metal chlorides in KCl-AlCl3 melts was also investigated. Increasing temperature does not  alter the character of «solubility – K : Al mole ratio» dependences.Исследована эволюция зеренной структуры магниевых сплавов в процессе равноканального углового прессования (РКУП) при 200 ºС. Показано, что РКУП приводит к формированию сильно неоднородной структуры. Установлено, что деформация не оказывает влияния на кинетику реакции выделения водорода (РВВ), но оказывает воздействие на скорость катодного процесса. Сплав AZ31 является более эффективным катодным материалам в щелочных средах по сравнению с магнием и сплавом ZK60

Organization of Extracurricular Physical Recreation Classes to Restore Students' Working Capacity

В статье рассматриваются особенности внеурочных занятий по физической рекреации, как способа восстановления работоспособности и организации активного отдыха студентов. Перечислены основные проблемы со здоровьем, которые возможно решить с помощью занятий по физической рекреации. А также благодаря проведенному анкетированию, были получены результаты об актуальности реализации занятий по физической рекреации, затем были выявлены виды занятий, которые больше всего понравились студентам, частота проявления симптомов снижения работоспособности и меры решения данной проблемы.The article discusses the features of extracurricular physical recreation classes as a way to restore working capacity and organize active recreation of students. The main health problems that can be solved with the help of physical recreation classes are listed. And also thanks to the survey conducted, results were obtained on the relevance of the implementation of physical recreation classes, then the types of classes that students liked the most, the frequency of symptoms of decreased performance and measures to solve this problem were identified

Features of Psychological Training of Swimmers for Competitions

В статье рассмотрено значение психологической подготовки пловцов к соревнованиям. Представлены основные методы, которые используются при психологической подготовке пловцов перед соревнованиями и во время них

School-based intervention to reduce anxiety in children:Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (PACES)

BACKGROUND: Emotional problems such as anxiety and low mood in children are common, impair everyday functioning and increase the risk of severe mental health disorders in adulthood. Relatively few children with emotional health problems are identified and referred for treatment indicating the need to investigate preventive approaches. METHODS/DESIGN: The study is designed to be a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of an efficacious school-based cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) prevention program (FRIENDS) on symptoms of anxiety and low mood in children 9 to 10 years of age. The unit of allocation is schools which are assigned to one of three conditions: school-led FRIENDS, health-led FRIENDS or treatment as usual. Assessments will be undertaken at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The primary outcome measure is change on the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Secondary outcome measures assess changes in self-esteem, worries, bullying and life satisfaction. An economic evaluation will be undertaken. DISCUSSION: As of September 2011, 41 schools have been recruited and randomized. Final 12-month assessments are scheduled to be completed by May 2013. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN2356304

Influence of Defects on the Stability and Hydrogen‐Sorption Behavior of Mg‐Based Hydrides

This review deals with the destabilization methods for improvement of storage properties of metal hydrides. Both theoretical and experimental approaches were used to point out the influence of various types of defects on structure and stability of hydrides. As a case study, Mg, and Ni based hydrides has been investigated. Theoretical studies, mainly carried out within various implementations of DFT, are a powerful tool to study mostly MgH 2 based materials. By providing an insight on metal-hydrogen bonding that governs both thermodynamics and hydrogen kinetics, they allow us to describe phenomena to which experimental methods have a limited access or do not have it at all: to follow the hydrogen sorption reaction on a specific metal surface and hydrogen induced phase transformations, to describe structure of phase boundaries or to explain the impact of defects or various additives on MgH 2 stability and hydrogen sorption kinetics. In several cases theoretical calculations reveal themselves as being able to predict new properties of materials, including the ways to modify Mg or MgH 2 that would lead to better characteristics in terms of hydrogen storage. The influence of ion irradiation and mechanical milling with and without additives has been discussed. Ion irradiation is the way to introduce a well-defined concentration of defects (Frankel pairs) at the surface and sub-surface layers of a material. Defects at the surface play the main role in sorption reaction since they enhance the dissociation of hydrogen. On the other hand, ball-milling introduce defects through the entire sample volume, refine the structure and thus decrease the path for hydrogen diffusion. Two Severe Plastic Deformation techniques were used to better understand the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics of Mg- and Mg 2 Ni-based alloys: Equal-Angular-Channel-Pressing and Fast-Forging. Successive ECAP passes leads to refinement of the microstructure of AZ31 ingots and to instalment therein of high densities of defects. Depending on mode, number and temperature of ECAP passes, the H-sorption kinetics have been improved satisfactorily without any additive for mass H-storage applications considering the relative speed of the shaping procedure. A qualitative understanding of the kinetic advanced principles has been built. Fast-Forging was used for a “quasi-instantaneous” synthesis of Mg/Mg 2 Ni-based composites. Hydrogenation of the as-received almost bi-phased materials remains rather slow as generally observed elsewhere, whatever are multiple and different techniques used to deliver the composite alloys. However, our preliminary results suggest that a synergic hydrogenation / dehydrogenation process should assist hydrogen transfers from Mg/Mg 2 Ni on one side to MgH 2 /Mg 2 NiH 4 on the other side via the rather stable a-Mg 2 NiH 0.3 , acting as in-situ catalyser. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Grbović Novaković, J., Novaković, N., Kurko, S., Milošević Govedarović, S., Pantić, T., Paskaš Mamula, B., ... & Skryabina, N. (2019). Influence of Defects on the Stability and Hydrogen‐Sorption Behavior of Mg‐Based Hydrides. ChemPhysChem., which has been published in final form at [http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201801125]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions

Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020 : the right to sight : an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Background: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error.Methods: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation) by cause, age, region, and year. Because of data sparsity at younger ages, our analysis focused on adults aged 50 years and older.Findings: Global crude prevalence of avoidable vision impairment and blindness in adults aged 50 years and older did not change between 2010 and 2019 (percentage change −0·2% [95% UI −1·5 to 1·0]; 2019 prevalence 9·58 cases per 1000 people [95% IU 8·51 to 10·8], 2010 prevalence 96·0 cases per 1000 people [86·0 to 107·0]). Age-standardised prevalence of avoidable blindness decreased by −15·4% [–16·8 to −14·3], while avoidable MSVI showed no change (0·5% [–0·8 to 1·6]). However, the number of cases increased for both avoidable blindness (10·8% [8·9 to 12·4]) and MSVI (31·5% [30·0 to 33·1]). The leading global causes of blindness in those aged 50 years and older in 2020 were cataract (15·2 million cases [9% IU 12·7–18·0]), followed by glaucoma (3·6 million cases [2·8–4·4]), undercorrected refractive error (2·3 million cases [1·8–2·8]), age-related macular degeneration (1·8 million cases [1·3–2·4]), and diabetic retinopathy (0·86 million cases [0·59–1·23]). Leading causes of MSVI were undercorrected refractive error (86·1 million cases [74·2–101·0]) and cataract (78·8 million cases [67·2–91·4]).Interpretation: Results suggest eye care services contributed to the observed reduction of age-standardised rates of avoidable blindness but not of MSVI, and that the target in an ageing global population was not reached

Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. Methods: We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Results: All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries—apart from Ecuador—across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups—the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. Conclusions: Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths