The timing and precision of action prediction in the aging brain

Action Prediction in the Aging Brai

Flow in Open Channel with Complex Solid Boundary

yesA two-dimensional steady potential flow theory is applied to calculate the flow in an open channel with complex solid boundaries. The boundary integral equations for the problem under investigation are first derived in an auxiliary plane by taking the Cauchy integral principal values. To overcome the difficulties of a nonlinear curvilinear solid boundary character and free water surface not being known a priori, the boundary integral equations are transformed to the physical plane by substituting the integral variables. As such, the proposed approach has the following advantages: (1) the angle of the curvilinear solid boundary as well as the location of free water surface (initially assumed) is a known function of coordinates in physical plane; and (2) the meshes can be flexibly assigned on the solid and free water surface boundaries along which the integration is performed. This avoids the difficulty of the traditional potential flow theory, which seeks a function to conformally map the geometry in physical plane onto an auxiliary plane. Furthermore, rough bed friction-induced energy loss is estimated using the Darcy-Weisbach equation and is solved together with the boundary integral equations using the proposed iterative method. The method has no stringent requirement for initial free-water surface position, while traditional potential flow methods usually have strict requirement for the initial free-surface profiles to ensure that the numerical computation is stable and convergent. Several typical open-channel flows have been calculated with high accuracy and limited computational time, indicating that the proposed method has general suitability for open-channel flows with complex geometry

Stochastic upscaling of hydrodynamic dispersion and retardation factor in a physically and chemically heterogeneous tropical soil

[EN] Stochastic upscaling of flow and reactive solute transport in a tropical soil is performed using real data collected in the laboratory. Upscaling of hydraulic conductivity, longitudinal hydrodynamic dispersion, and retardation factor were done using three different approaches of varying complexity. How uncertainty propagates after upscaling was also studied. The results show that upscaling must be taken into account if a good reproduction of the flow and transport behavior of a given soil is to be attained when modeled at larger than laboratory scales. The results also show that arrival time uncertainty was well reproduced after solute transport upscaling. This work represents a first demonstration of flow and reactive transport upscaling in a soil based on laboratory data. It also shows how simple upscaling methods can be incorporated into daily modeling practice using commercial flow and transport codes.The authors thank the financial support by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (Project 401441/2014-8). The doctoral fellowship award to the first author by the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Level Personnel (CAPES) is acknowledged. The first author also thanks the international mobility grant awarded by CNPq, through the Sciences Without Borders program (Grant Number: 200597/2015-9). The international mobility grant awarded by Santander Mobility in cooperation with the University of Sao Paulo is also acknowledged. DHI-WASI is gratefully thanked for providing a FEFLOW license.Almeida De-Godoy, V.; Zuquette, L.; Gómez-Hernández, JJ. (2019). Stochastic upscaling of hydrodynamic dispersion and retardation factor in a physically and chemically heterogeneous tropical soil. 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