Period analysis of the electroencephalogram of the baseline data for Gemini 7 Final report

Periodic analysis of electroencephalogram of baseline data for Gemini 7 fligh

Relative response of sicklepod to and residual activity of some preemergence herbicides

Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) is a very difficult weed to control. It is not known whether sicklepod can be more effectively controlled by herbicides used in corn (Zea mays L.) those used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) or those used in soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Research was conducted to evaluate the relative response of sicklepod to several preemergence herbicides used for broadleaf weed control in corn, cotton or soybeans. Residual activity of these herbi-cides was also determined to discern possible carryover injury to rotational crops. Experiments were conducted at one location in 1982 and two locations in 1983 to evaluate sicklepod response to atrazine [2-chloro- 4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro- 6-(ethylamino)-s-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile}, simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine], fluometuron [1,I-dimethyl-3- (α,α,aα,-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea], diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1- dimethylurea], norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α,-trifluoro-m- tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], and metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3- (methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one]. Residual activity was determined using both field and greenhouse bioassays. The order of herbicidal effectiveness for sicklepod control among the herbicides commonly used in corn was: atrazine \u3e simazine \u3e cyanazine. The order of herbicide effectiveness for the herbicides commonly used in cotton was: fluometuron \u3e diuron = norflurazon \u3e cyanazine. Of the herbicide treatments available for use in soybeans. a single preemergence application of metribuzin was not as effective as the metribuzin system which consists of a preemergence application of alachlor [2-chloro-2\u27,6\u27-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] plus metri-buzin followed by toxaphene (chlorinated camphene, 67 to 69% chlorine) plus crop oil early postemergence followed by metribuzin plus 2,4-DB [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid] applied late postemergence. The only treatments that consistently provided season long control were atrazine at 4.48 kg ai/ha, atrazine at 3.36 kg ai/ha and atrazine plus simazine at 2.24 plus 1.12 kg ai/ha. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were susceptible to residual injury from the highest rate of atrazine. Wheat was more susceptible to norflurazon residual injury than the other rotational crops. Vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) was the most tolerant crop tested in regard to residual injury from any of the herbicides studied. In the greenhouse, cucumbers (Cucumis sativus L.) were more susceptible to resid-ual herbicide injury than the cover crops in the field. Where little or no injury to cucumbers was observed from residues in soil samples taken from treated field plots, no residual injury to cover crops was observed in the field. If corn is to be grown on an area infested with sicklepod, at least 3.36 kg ai/ha of atrazine or a herbicide combination containing at least 2.24 kg ai/ha atrazine will be necessary to provide acceptable sicklepod control. A higher potential for residual injury to subsequent crops exists as atrazine rates are increased. If cotton is to be grown, fluometuron at 1.68 kg ai/ha provides the best control of sicklepod; however, subsequent postemergence herbicide applications or other methods of weed control must be employed to give adequate season long control. Metribuzin at 0.56 kg ai/ha provides excellent control of sicklepod for 2 to 3 weeks in soybeans, but for season long control the metribuzin system should be used. There was no residual injury to cover crops from these soybean treatments. Land infested with sicklepod can be more economically and effec-tively managed if corn is grown rather than cotton or soybeans

Polar plasmas as observed by Dynamics Explorers 1 and 2

Plasma measurements from the Dynamics Explorer 1 and 2 satellites were used to characterize the polar cap environment. Analysis of numerous polar-cap passes indicate that, in general, three major regimes of plasma exist: (1) polar rain--electrons with magnetosheath-like energy spectra but much lower densities, most intense near the cusp and weakening toward the central polar cap; (2) polar wind--low energy upward flowing ions with both field-aligned and conical distributions; and (3) acceleration events--sporadic events consistent with the acceleration of electrons and positive ions by parallel electric fields. (1) to (3) were observed at high altitudes by Dynamics Explorer 1, while (1) and (3) were also observed at low altitudes by Dynamics Explorer 2. The plasma parameters associated with these plasma regimes are presented and discussed in terms of source and acceleration mechanisms

Smoking, dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly, a systematic review.

Background. Nicotine may aid reaction time, learning and memory, but smoking increases cardiovascular risk. Cardiovascular risk factors have been linked to increased risk of dementia. A previous meta-analysis found that current smokers were at higher risk of subsequent dementia, Alzheimers disease, vascular dementia and cognitive decline. Methods. In order to update and examine this further a systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out using different search and inclusion criteria, database selection and more recent publications. Both reviews were restricted to those aged 65 and over. Results. The review reported here found a significantly increased risk of Alzheimers disease with current smoking and a likely but not significantly increased risk of vascular dementia, dementia unspecified and cognitive decline. Neither review found clear relationships with former smoking. Conclusion. Current smoking increases risk of Alzheimers disease and may increase risk of other dementias. This reinforces need for smoking cessation, particularly aged 65 and over. Nicotine alone needs further investigation. © 2008 Peters et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd

Norden, reframed

This paper calls for Norden to be understood as a metaframe. Related formulations like “Nordic art” or “Nordic welfare” function as mesoframes. These trigger multiple framing devices. A cache of related framing devices constitutes a framing archive. Framing devices work best when operating unobtrusively such that inclusions, exclusions and inconsistencies are condoned or naturalised. Their artifice, however, becomes apparent whenever a frame is questioned. Questioning or criticising a frame gives rise to a framing dispute. The theoretical justification for these typologies is provided at the outset. This schema is then applied to a select range of empirical examples drawn largely from the disciplinary frames (Ernst 1996) of art history and museum studies. Despite this specificity it is envisaged that the general principles set out below can and will be used to address a variety of devices, disputes and archives in Norden and beyond

Kilometric radiation power flux dependence on area of discrete aurora

Kilometer wavelength radiation, measured from distant positions over the North Pole and over the Earth's equator, was compared to the area of discrete aurora imaged by several low-altitude spacecraft. Through correlative studies of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) with about two thousand auroral images, a stereoscopic view of the average auroral acceleration region was obtained. A major result is that the total AKR power increases as the area of the discrete auroral oval increases. The implications are that the regions of parallel potentials or the auroral plasma cavities, in which AKR is generated, must possess the following attributes: (1) they are shallow in altitude and their radial position depends on wavelength, (2) they thread flux tubes of small cross section, (3) the generation mechanism in them reaches a saturation limit rapidly, and (4) their distribution over the discrete auroral oval is nearly uniform. The above statistical results are true for large samples collected over a long period of time (about six months). In the short term, AKR frequently exhibits temporal variations with scales as short as three minutes (the resolution of the averaged data used). These fluctuations are explainable by rapid quenchings as well as fast starts of the electron cyclotron maser mechanism. There were times when AKR was present at substantial power levels while optical emissions were below instrument thresholds. A recent theoretical result may account for this set of observations by predicting that suprathermal electrons, of energies as low as several hundred eV, can generate second harmonic AKR. The indirect observations of second harmonic AKR require that these electrons have mirror points high above the atmosphere so as to minimize auroral light emissions. The results provide evidence supporting the electron cyclotron maser mechanism

Optical study of interactions in a d-electron Kondo lattice with ferromagnetism

We report on a comprehensive optical, transport and thermodynamic study of the Zintl compound Yb$_{14}$MnSb$_{11}$, demonstrating that it is the first ferromagnetic Kondo lattice compound in the underscreened limit. We propose a scenerio whereby the combination of Kondo and Jahn-Teller effects provides a consistent explanation of both transport and optical data.Comment: 4 page

Hadron Spectroscopy with Dynamical Chirally Improved Fermions

We simulate two dynamical, mass degenerate light quarks on 16^3x32 lattices with a spatial extent of 2.4 fm using the Chirally Improved Dirac operator. The simulation method, the implementation of the action and signals of equilibration are discussed in detail. Based on the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator we discuss some qualitative features of our approach. Results for ground state masses of pseudoscalar and vector mesons as well as for the nucleon and delta baryons are presented.Comment: 26 pages, 17 figures, 10 table