Comment on review article: chronic hepatitis C virus infection cascade of care in pediatric patients.

peer reviewe

Composition chimique de l’huile essentielle des fleurs de Lanneavelutina (Anacardiaceae) du Mali

La présente étude a pour but la détermination de la composition chimique de l’huile essentielle des fleurs de Lanneavelutina, une plante mellifère répertoriée au Mali (Cissé 2004). Cette huile essentielle a été obtenue par entrainement à la vapeur d’eau avec des rendements de l’ordre de 0.04%. Le composé majoritaire identifié est le beta-caryophyllène (22-36%). Elle contient essentiellement des sesquiterpènes, des hydrocarbures saturés et des hydrocarbures oxygénés non terpéniques.Mots clés: Composition chimique, mellifère, entrainement à la vapeur d’eau, sesquiterpène

Activités antimicrobiennes des huiles essentielles de Eucalyptus citriodora Hook et Eucalyptus houseana W.Fitzg. ex Maiden

Les huiles essentielles de Eucalyptus citriodora et Eucalyptus houseana récoltées à N’Débougou (Mali) ont été testées sur les bactéries Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus et le champignon Candida albicans. Nous avons utilisé la méthode de diffusion en Agar pour de la détermination des activités antibactériennes. La plus grande activité a été notée avec l’huile essentielle de Eucalyptus houseana sur Staphylococcus aureus. L’activité antifongique a été déterminée par chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM). Les deux huiles essentielles ont été actives sur Candida albicans.Mots clés: Antibactérienne, antifongique, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans

Activités anticholinestérasiques des alcaloïdes totaux extraits des feuilles, fruits, écorces de racines et écorces de tronc de Guiera senegalensis, une plante médicinale Malienne

Guiera senegalensis J. F. Gmel., arbuste d’espèce soudano-sahélienne; surtout abondant en Afrique occidentale. Très connu dans le sahel où il forme des peuplements mono spécifiques qu’on trouve dans les jachères, sur sol argileux ou sableux. Il est largement utilisé en médicine traditionnelle. Dans la perspective de découvrir de nouveaux composés pouvant trouver une application notamment dans le traitement de la maladie d’Alzheimer, nous avons réalisé les tests d’activité anticholinestérase sur les alcaloïdes totaux extraits des organes des 3 sites de récolte et avec comme produit de référence la Galanthamine. L’action thérapeutique des inhibiteurs des cholinestérases est essentiellement due à l’inhibition de l’acétylcholinestérase. Les résultats obtenus semble très intéressent avec les fruits des trois sites. Ce qui pourrait être une base solide pour la recherche d’un phytomédicament contre cette affection.Mots clés : Guiera senegalensis, alcaloïdes, inhibition acétylcholinestérase

Epidemiological profiles of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections in Malian women: risk factors and relevance of disparities

AIM: To document the epidemiologic patterns and risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Mali in order to develop prevention means for both diseases. METHODS: Two prospective studies were conducted in Bamako in 2009 among 1000 pregnant women (i.e. , young women) who consulted six reference health centers, and in 2010, among 231 older women who attended general practice in two hospitals. Antibody tests and molecular analysis (performed only for HCV) were used to quantify the frequencies of both infections. The data were collected from patients recruited through a questionnaire. Transmission risk factors of both diseases were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: HCV seroprevalence was 0.2% for young and 6.5% for older women. HIV prevalence was similar in both populations (4.1% vs 6.1%). In older women, the analysis of risk factors highlighted an association between HCV infection and episodes of hospitalization (P < 0.01). The study did not show an association between HIV infection and the variables such as hospitalization, transfusion, tattoo, dental care, and endoscopy. A significant decrease of HIV seroprevalence was detected in young women who used condoms for contraception more than for other purposes (P < 0.01). By contrast, HIV seroprevalence was significantly increased in young women using condoms mainly to prevent sexual infections rather than for contraception (P < 0.01). No HCV/HIV coinfection was detected in our study. CONCLUSION: Risk factors and epidemiologic data of HIV and HCV as well as the absence of co-infection strongly suggest epidemiological disparities between these diseases

HIV AND HCV COINFECTION: PREVALENCE, ASSOCIATED FACTORS AND GENOTYPE CHARACTERIZATION IN THE MIDWEST REGION OF BRAZIL

Estudo transversal sobre a prevalência, fatores associados e distribuição dos genótipos do HCV foi realizado em 848 pacientes infectados pelo HIV, recrutados em centros de referência na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. A taxa de prevalência de coinfecção HIV-HCV foi de 6,9% (IC 95%: 5,2-8,6). Na análise multivariada, o aumento da idade, o uso de drogas ilícitas (injetáveis e não injetáveis), história de transfusão de sangue antes de 1994, e ausência de companheiro constante foram fatores associados independentes e significativos para a coinfecção HIV-HCV. A análise filogenética baseada na região NS5B revelou a presença de dois principais genótipos do HCV em circulação: genótipos 1 (58,3%) e 3 (41,7%). A prevalência da coinfecção HIV-HCV foi menor do que as relatadas em estudos realizados com pacientes infectados pelo HIV em diferentes regiões do Brasil, devido ao fato de que o uso de drogas ilícitas não é modo frequente de transmissão do HIV neste Estado do Brasil. Triagem sorológica de pacientes HIV-positivos para HCV antes de iniciar o tratamento antirretroviral, identificação completa dos fatores associados e a implementação de programas eficazes de redução de danos são altamente recomendados para fornecer informações úteis, para o tratamento e para evitar a coinfecção com HCV nestes pacientes.A cross-sectional study on prevalence, associated factors and genotype distribution of HCV infection was conducted among 848 HIV-infected patients recruited at reference centers in the Midwest Region of Brazil. The prevalence rate of HIV-HCV coinfection was 6.9% (95% CI: 5.2 to 8.6). In multivariable analysis, increasing age, use of illicit drugs (injection and non-injection), a history of blood transfusion before 1994, and the absence of a steady partnership were significant independent associated factors for HIV-HCV coinfection. The phylogenetic analysis based on the NS5B region revealed the presence of two major circulating genotypes of HCV: genotypes 1 (58.3%) and 3 (41.7%). The prevalence of HIV-HCV coinfection was lower than those reported in studies conducted with HIV-infected patients in different regions of Brazil, due to the fact that illicit drug use is not a frequent mode of HIV transmission in this region of Brazil. Serologic screening of HIV-patients for HCV before initiating antiretroviral treatment, a comprehensive identification of associated factors, and the implementation of effective harm reduction programs are highly recommended to provide useful information for treatment and to prevent HCV coinfection in these patients