Host-Parasite Interactions in Individuals with Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Result in Higher Frequency of Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia in Type 2 Diabetic Individuals

Host-parasite interactions in diabetic patients might influence diabetes complications and intestinal parasitosis. The aim was to investigate the occurrence of enteroparasites in individuals with diabetes types 1 and 2. A descriptive study was designed to estimate frequencies of parasites and to compare them in individuals with diabetes types 1 and 2 from two Health Centers and one hospital in the Federal District of Brazil. Patients were allocated to the study by convenience. Three fecal samples of 156 diabetic individuals (120 type 1 and 36 type 2) were analyzed using two parasitological methods. Enteroparasites or commensals frequency in diabetics was 64%. Diabetics infected with up to six species of intestinal parasites or commensals were found. Frequencies of Ascaris lumbricoides and Giardia lamblia were higher in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The lower frequency of A. lumbricoides found in type 1 diabetes may be related to a strong Th2 response to parasites. Autoimmune response developed in type 1 diabetic individuals characterized by the production of Th1 cytokines could explain low frequency of G. lamblia. High frequency of parasites found in type 2 diabetes emphasizes the importance of periodic parasitological examinations in these individuals

INSATISFAÇÃO CORPORAL, NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E COMPORTAMENTO SEDENTÁRIO EM ADOLESCENTES DO SEXO FEMININO

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a associação da imagem corporal com o nível de atividade física, composição corporal e o comportamento sedentário de adolescentes do sexo feminino. Métodos: Estudo transversal e exploratório com 120 adolescentes do sexo feminino, de 14 a 19 anos, de Viçosa, MG. A imagem corporal foi avaliada por uma Escala de Silhuetas e pelo Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). O peso, a estatura e o perímetro da cintura foram aferidos, avaliando-se a relação cintura estatura e o percentual de gordura corporal. O nível de atividade física (NAF) foi avaliado pelo Recordatório de Atividade Física de 24h (R24h) e o comportamento sedentário, pelo tempo em frente à tela de uma TV, jogando videogame, ao computador e usando tablets e, separadamente, o tempo de tela ao celular. Resultados: A média de idade foi 16,5±1,5 anos, sendo a maioria das participantes eutróficas (77,6%), sedentárias/baixo NAF (84,2%), com tempo de tela (85,2%) e tempo de celular (58,7%) elevados. A insatisfação corporal manifestou-se em 40,6% pelo BSQ e em 45,8% pela Escala de Silhuetas. A distorção corporal manifestou-se em 52,9% das participantes. As medidas de composição corporal, juntamente com o tempo ao celular e o NAF, mostraram associação com a insatisfação corporal, sendo as adolescentes mais ativas as mais insatisfeitas. Conclusões: O estudo mostrou que as adolescentes com maior tempo ao celular tinham maior insatisfação corporal, assim como as fisicamente mais ativas. Todas as medidas de avaliação da composição corporal mostraram-se associadas ao nível de insatisfação, principalmente o índice de massa corporal, perímetro da cintura e relação cintura-estatura

Complete genome analysis of Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus from mare abscess and comparative genomics provide insight of diversity and adaptation for Glutamicibacter

Bacteria of the genusGlutamicibacterare considered ubiquitous because they can be found in soil, water and air. They have already been isolated from different habitats, including different types of soil, clinical samples, cheese and plants. Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus is a Gram-positive bacterium important to various biotechnological processes, however, as a pathogen it is associated to urinary tract infections and bacteremia. Recently,Glutamicibacter creatinolyticusLGCM 259 was isolated from a mare, which displayed several diffuse subcutaneous nodules with heavy vascularization. In this study, sequencing, genomic analysis ofG. creatinolyticusLGCM 259 and comparative analyseswere performedamong 4representatives of different members of genusfromdifferent habitats, available in the NCBI database. The LGCM 259 strain's genome carries important factors of bacterial virulence that are essential in cell viability, virulence, and pathogenicity. Genomic islands were predicted for 4 members of genusGlutamicibacter,showing ahigh number of GEIs,which may reflect a high interspecific diversity and a possible adaptive mechanism responsible for the survival of each species in its specific niche. Furthermore,G. creatinolyticusLGCM 259 sharessyntenicregions, albeit with a considerable loss of genes, in relation to the other species. In addition,G. creatinolyticusLGCM 259 presentsresistancegenes to 6 differentclasses ofantibiotics and heavy metals, such as: copper, arsenic, chromium and cobalt-zinc-cadmium.Comparative genomicsanalysescouldcontribute to the identification of mobile genetic elements particular to the speciesG. creatinolyticuscompared to other members of genus. The presence of specific regions inG. creatinolyticuscould be indicative of their rolesin host adaptation, virulence, and the characterization ofastrain that affects animals

BODY DISSATISFACTION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND SEDENTARY BEHAVIOR IN FEMALE ADOLESCENTS

<p></p><p>ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association of body image with physical activity level, body composition, and sedentary behavior (SB) of female adolescents. Methods: Exploratory cross-sectional study conducted with 120 female adolescents aged between 14-19 years, from the city of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil. Body image was evaluated with a Body Silhouette Scale (BSS) and a Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Weight, height, and waist circumference values were analyzed, as well as the waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage. The physical activity level (PAL) was assessed by 24-hour Physical Activity Recall and SB by screen time, that is, time spent in front of a TV, playing video game, on the computer and using tablets, and, separately, the cell phone time. Results: Mean age was 16.5±1.5 years, and most adolescents were eutrophic (77.6%), sedentary/low PAL (84.2%), with high screen time (85.2%) and cell phone time (58.7%). Body dissatisfaction was stated in 40.6% of BSQ and 45.8% of BSS evaluations. Body distortion was identified in 52.9% of participants. All body composition measures, along with cell phone time and PAL, were associated with body dissatisfaction, the more active adolescents presenting higher levels of dissatisfaction. Conclusions: This study concluded that female adolescents with higher cell phone time also present higher body dissatisfaction, as well as the most physically active ones. All body composition measurements were associated with body dissatisfaction, mainly body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio.</p><p></p

Probiotic Propionibacterium freudenreichii requires SlpB protein to mitigate mucositis induced by chemotherapy

Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA 129 (P. freudenreichii wild type, WT) is a probiotic bacterium, which exerts immunomodulatory effects. This strain possesses extractable surface proteins, including SlpB, which are involved in antiinflammatory effect and in adhesion to epithelial cells. We decided to investigate the impact of slpB gene mutation on immunomodulation in vitro and in vivo. In an in vitro assay, P. freudenreichii WT reduced expression of IL-8 (p<0.0001) and TNF-α (p<0.0001) cytokines in LPS-stimulated HT-29 cells. P. freudenreichii ΔslpB, lacking the SlpB protein, failed to do so. Subsequently, both strains were investigated in vivo in a 5-FU-induced mucositis mice model. Mucositis is a common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy with 5-FU, characterized by mucosal injury, inflammation, diarrhea, and weight loss. The WT strain prevented weight loss, reduced inflammation and consequently histopathological scores. Furthermore, it regulated key markers, including Claudin-1 (cld1, p<0.0005) and IL-17a (Il17a, p<0.0001) genes, as well as IL-12 (p<0.0001) and IL-1β (p<0.0429) cytokines levels. Mutant strain displayed opposite regulatory effect on cld1 expression and on IL-12 levels. This work emphasizes the importance of SlpB in P. freudenreichii ability to reduce mucositis inflammation. It opens perspectives for the development of probiotic products to decrease side effects of chemotherapy using GRAS bacteria with immunomodulatory surface protein properties