La persona jurídica como sujeto de los Derechos Humanos en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos

La protección de la persona jurídica en el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos es un tema pendiente que genera álgidas discusiones. Siguiendo una línea de interpretación acorde a la misma Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos y a la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos en un sentido sistemático y evolutivo, es necesario que sean reconocidas como víctimas para asegurar la protección de las personas humanas en quienes se resuelven finalmente sus derechos

An Application of Total-Colored Graphs to Describe Mutations in Non-Mendelian Genetics

Any gene mutation during the mitotic cell cycle of a eukaryotic cell can be algebraically represented by an isotopism of the evolution algebra describing the genetic pattern of the inheritance process. We identify any such pattern with a total-colored graph so that any isotopism of the former is uniquely related to an isomorphism of the latter. This enables us to develop some results on graph theory in the context of the molecular processes that occur during the S-phase of a mitotic cell cycle. In particular, each monochromatic subset of edges is identified with a mutation or regulatory mechanism that relates any two statuses of the genotypes of a pair of chromatids.Junta de Andalucía FQM-016Junta de Andalucía FQM-32

Santilli autotopisms of partial groups

This paper deals with those partial groups that contain a given Santilli isotopism in their autotopism group. A classification of these autotopisms is explicitly determined for partial groups of order n ≤ 4

Extension of Santilli's isotopies to non-injective isoalgebras

Santilli's isotopies constitute a new branch of mathematics characterized by axiom-preserving isotopic lifting of units, products, numbers, fields, topologies, geometries, algebras, groups, etc., with numerous novel applications in physics, chemistry and other quantitative sciences. The continuation of these studies requires deeper research on non-injective isotopies. The main goal of this paper is to generalize the usual isotopic construction model to obtain non-injective isoalgebras, by using so many new laws * and isounities in the general set associated with the Santilli's isotopy, as laws has the initial structure. In this way, the study of the properties of this general set is very useful. In fact, this study constitutes the MCIM isotopic construction model, which has been studied by the authors since 2001. In this model, there are a main isounit and a main *-law, which determine the mathematical isostructure, and some secondaries ones, which determine the laws in this isostructure. So, the study of all these elements can determine how to build a non-injective isotopy, by taking into consideration the different factors on which the main isounit depends

A particular case of extended isotopisms: Santilli's isotopisms

Due to a mathematical necessity, it has been proved that it is convenient to give a new interpretation of the multiplicity of Santilli's isounity Ib = Ib(x, v, t, µ, ρ, ...) of any Santilli's isotopism, as a family of classical Bruck's isotopisms. In this paper we prove that every Santilli's isotopism is indeed an extended isotopism

An approach to the isotheory by means of extended pseudoisotopisms

Based on the traditional concept of isotopism, extended isotopisms were introduced by the authors in 2006 in order to provide a fundamental basis to the isotheory of Santilli. Since that first attempt, distinct studies on extended isotopisms have focused on the construction of partial Latin squares having a Santilli autotopism in their autotopism group. In order to deal with new structures, we introduce in this paper the concept of extended pseudoisotopism. This is based on the use of onto linear transformations that are not necessarily injective. Some examples are exposed throughout the paper

Why are neutral elements immutable?

It is not exaggerated to say that all of the people, included the youngest, know the important role played by the elements 0 and 1 in Mathematics. One of the main reasons for these elements (normally named units, although its right name is neutral elements) to be fundamental is their uniqueness within any mathematical structure. However, the main goal of this paper is to show that these roles could be discussed by redefining the usual mathematical laws, quite more in agreement with some aspects of the reality, particularly in the physical world

Los isonúmeros o el porqué de ser 2 x 3 = 5/√7

Uno de los aspectos en los que se basa la enseñanza de las Matemáticas es el manejo del elemento unidad. En este sentido, los números 0 y 1 juegan un papel fundamental. Ahora bien, una de las propiedades en la que basamos la importancia de tal elemento es su unicidad dentro de la estructura en la que se encuentre. Lo que se pretende en la presente comunicación es mostrar cómo puede afectar esta unicidad en un futuro al alumnado, en la visión del mundo real en que vivimos. Para ello, se hace ver que no existe una unidad absoluta y se muestra que si redefinimos las operaciones matemáticas que usualmente utilizamos, podemos llegar a una nueva aritmética, más acorde con algunos aspectos de la realidad

The general set in the MCIM Isotopic Model

To obtain a bigger number of mathematical and physical applications of the Santilli’s isotheory, the latest studies have shown the necessity of analyzing isotopic models which use non associative laws. The main goal of this paper is to give a generalization of the isotopic construction model based on the multiplication (MCIM), which is useful to obtain non associative mathematical isostructures