Maupassant contista traduzido em analogias brasileiras: paratextos

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2014O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar os elementos paratextuais presentes em doze antologias, dos séculos XX e XXI, traduzidas no Brasil, de Guy de Maupassant, autor francês do século XIX, pretendendo revelar como o autor e sua obra são apresentados ao leitor brasileiro, através dos paratextos. Foram analisadas somente as antologias traduzidas com contos do autor francês, não considerando as publicações mistas. O principal referencial teórico abordado foi fundamentado nas reflexões de Gérard Genette (2009) e Marie-Hèléne C. Torres (2011).Abstract: The main objective of this work is to examine the paratextual elements in twelve anthologies of the French author Guy de Maupassant's short stories, translated and published in the 20th and 21st centuries in Brazil, in order to disclose how the writer and his oeuvre are presented to the Brazilian reader, through the use of paratexts. I analysed only the translated anthologies with short stories from the author himself; anthologies that had other authors as well were not considered. The main theoretical framework was based on the reflections of Gérard Genette (2009) and Marie-Hèléne C. Torres (2011)

Adaptación del modelo ABCDE de medicina humana para comunicar malas notícias a lo dueño del paciente oncologico en medicina veterinaria

Introdução: À semelhança do que ocorre na Medicina Humana, também em Medicina Veterinária, a prevalência da doença oncológica em animais de companhia tem vindo a aumentar significativamente. Desenvolvimento: A evolução da Medicina Veterinária, nas últimas décadas, veio trazer mudança nos paradigmas clínicos, nomeadamente no respeitante à relação com o animal mas também com o proprietário. Sendo a oncologia a especialidade em que há maior probabilidade de ter que comunicar uma má notícia, neste trabalho propõe-se a adaptação do modelo ABCDE da Medicina Humana para a Medicina Veterinária. Conclusões: A adaptação do modelo ABCDE para a Medicina Veterinária permite melhorar a comunicação com o proprietário cuidador e dotar os profissionais da equipe Médica Veterinária de melhores competências.Introduction: Similar to what occurs in Human Medicine, also in Veterinary Medicine, the prevalence of oncological diseases has significantly increased. Development: The evolution of Veterinary Medicine, in last decades has brought changes in clinical paradigms, particularly concerning the relationship with the animal and also with the owner. More than any other specialty, members of the Veterinary Medical Team that work in the oncology field, are unavoidably forced to break bad news. This paper proposes the adaptation of the ABCDE model from Human Medicine to Veterinary Medicine. Conclusions: The adaptation of the ABCDE model for Veterinary Medicine improves communication with the owner and offers all the members of the Veterinary Medical Team better communication skills.Introducción: Similar a lo que ocurre en medicina humana, en Medicina Veterinaria la prevalencia de las enfermedades oncológicas en los animales de compañía también ha incrementado significativamente. Desarrollo: En las últimas décadas la evolución de la Medicina Veterinaria, ha comportado cambios en los paradigmas clínicos, especialmente en la relación con el animal, pero también con el propietario. Dado que la especialidad de Oncología es la que comunica más malas noticias, en este trabajo se plantea la adaptación del modelo ABCDE de Medicina Humana a Medicina Veterinaria. Conclusiones: La adaptación del modelo ABCDE a la Medicina Veterinaria mejora la comunicación con el propietario e proporcionará a los profesionales del equipo Medica Veterinaria de mejores competencias.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Persistence of wild felids after a protracted civil war in Quiçama National Park and Quiçama Game Reserve, Angola

Altres ajuts: Acord transformatiu CRUE-CSICRufford Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 20153-1; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Grant/Award Number: 2015102593

Lipoprotein metabolism, protein aggregation, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A literature review

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The physiopathology of AD is well described by the presence of two neuropathological features: amyloid plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. In the last decade, neuroinflammation and cellular stress have gained importance as key factors in the development and pathology of AD. Chronic cellular stress occurs in degenerating neurons. Stress Granules (SGs) are nonmembranous organelles formed as a response to stress, with a protective role; however, SGs have been noted to turn into pathological and neurotoxic features when stress is chronic, and they are related to an increased tau aggregation. On the other hand, correct lipid metabolism is essential to good function of the brain; apolipoproteins are highly associated with risk of AD, and impaired cholesterol efflux and lipid transport are associated with an increased risk of AD. In this review, we provide an insight into the relationship between cellular stress, SGs, protein aggregation, and lipid metabolism in AD.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Challenges with in vitro and in vivo experimental models of urinary bladder cancer for novel drug discovery

Urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is the second most frequent malignancy of the urinary system and the ninth most common cancer worldwide, affecting individuals over the age of 65. Several investigations have embarked on advancing knowledge of the mechanisms underlying urothelial carcinogenesis, understanding the mechanisms of antineoplastic drugs resistance and discovering new antineoplastic drugs. In vitro and in vivo models are crucial for providing additional insights into the mechanisms of urothelial carcinogenesis. With these models, various molecular pathways involved in urothelial carcinogenesis have been discovered, allowing therapeutic manipulation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Histopathological features of organs in a rat model of mamamry carcinogenesis: a reference database

Mammary tumors’ development was induced through the intraperioneal administration of the carcinogen N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Animals from group control were injected with the vehicle (saline solution). Animals were sacrificed at 25 weeks-old and the organs were histopathologically evaluated. A higher number of lesions was observed in the organs of animals from group MNU. The animals from group control did not present any lesion in lymph nodes. Independently of the experimental group, the internal organs presented hemodynamic alterations, degenerative and inflammatory changes. Hemodynamic changes may be consequence of euthanasia method. As expected, the higher number and the higher grade of the lesions in group MNU were due to the carcinogen administration.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Endocrine Glands in the Dog: From the Cell to Hormone

Animal bodies represent one of the more complex and perfect systems of nature but despite its complexity and functionality, the control of its basic functions is performed by only two systems: the nervous system and the endocrine system. Reproduction, gestation, muscle contraction, nutrient digestion and absorption, hydroelectrolytic balance, haematopoiesis and so many other bodily functions, are directly or indirectly controlled by these systems. In a simplistic way, we can say that the nervous system is responsible for rapid organic activities, while the endocrine system is responsible for a slower, more durable activity, the metabolic functions of the organism. The endocrine system is essential for growth and development, sexual function, reproductive processes and metabolism. In the present work the authors describe the main endocrine glands in the dog, namely anterior and posterior pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas and adrenal glands, referring their location, macroscopic and histologic features, using original figures. Main endocrine hormones and hormonal functions will also be addressed in a simple, straightforward and original manner, using cutting-edge, innovative schemes that will contribute for an easy and direct understanding of the complex endocrine mechanisms. The endocrine system is often subjected to pathological changes. Improving knowledge in the field of endocrinology will allow for a better clinical approach to animal patients, enhancing, without doubt, the provision of better medical veterinary care and its advancement towards excellence.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and Center for Studies in Education, Technologies and Health

N-methyl-N-nitrosourea toxicology: data from a rat model

Introduction: N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) is the oldest member of the nitroso-compounds that can alkylate DNA. MNU induces tumor development in several organs, depending on the animals’ specie and strain, dose, route, and age at administration. Aims: This study aimed to address the toxicological effects of MNU administration in female rats. Methods: Twelve Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into two experimental groups: MNU (n=10) and control (n=2). At seven weeks of age, animals from group MNU received an intraperitoneal administration of the carcinogen MNU, at a dose of 50 mg/Kg. Animals from group control received an administration of vehicle (saline solution 0.9%). Animals were humanely sacrificed 18 weeks after MNU or vehicle administration by intraperitoneal injection of xylazine and ketamine, followed by exsanguination by cardiac puncture. A complete necropsy was performed. Heart, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, clitoral glands, and lymph nodes were removed and immersed in buffered formalin for histopathological analysis. Results: Animals from group MNU developed a total of 21 mammary tumors., The organs of animals from group MNU presented a higher number of lesions with higher grade, when compared with the organs of animals from group control. Hyalinization, coagulative myocytolysis, congestion hemorrhage and hyperemia were observed in the heart. Lungs exhibited interstitial inflammation, arteriolosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, congestion, and hyperemia. Interstitial inflammation, congestion and cholestasis were observed in the liver. The spleen presented interstitial inflammation, congestion, hemosiderosis and hyperemia. Congestion, hyperemia, blebbing, hydropic degenerescence, hyaline casts and cystic dilations were found in the kidneys. Adrenal glands presented hyperplasia, congestion, and hydropic degeneration; while clitoral glands presented interstitial fibrosis, ductal dilation, interstitial inflammation, and hyperemia. Infiltrate and congestion were observed in the lymph nodes. Conclusions: The higher number and higher grade of the lesions in group MNU were due to the carcinogenic action of the chemical agent MNU

Occurrence and Distribution of Fasciolosis in a Cohort of Ovine Livestock Restricted to a Mountain Plateau in Central Portugal

Fasciola hepatica is a parasite that is widespread in Europe, having been reported in ru- minants of several European countries and causing an important economic impact. This study ascertained the occurrence and distribution of fasciolosis in Portuguese ovine livestock by assessing F. hepatica IgG antibodies in a cohort of confined sheep from a high-altitude region of central Portugal in a 2-year period. Positive animals were found in most locations and in both years, with 18 of the 92 an- imals (19.6% [95% confidence interval CI: 12.03–19.15]) and 17 of the same 92 animals (18.5% [95% CI: 11.15–27.93]) showing to be seropositive in the first year and second year, respectively (p = 0.85). Pasture contamination by F. hepatica eggs could be reduced by thorough anthelmintic treatments.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Warfare-induced mammal population declines in Southwestern Africa are mediated by species life history, habitat type and hunter preferences

Civil wars often coincide with global biodiversity hotspots and have plagued the everyday reality of many countries throughout human history. However, how do civil wars affect wildlife populations? Are these impacts the same in savannah and forest environments? How persistent are the post-war consequences on wildlife populations within and outside conflict zones? Long-term monitoring programs in war zones, which could answer these questions, are virtually nonexistent, not least due to the risks researchers are exposed to. In this context, only a few methodologies can provide data on wild populations during war conflicts. We used local ecological knowledge to assess the main consequences of a prolonged civil war (1975-2002) in Southwestern Africa on forest and savannah mammals. The post-war abundance in 20 of 26 (77%) mammal species considered in this study was lower in open savannah compared to the closed-canopy forest environments, with some species experiencing a decline of up to 80% of their pre-war baseline abundance. Large-bodied mammals were preferred targets and had been overhunted, but as their populations became increasingly depleted, the size structure of prey species gradually shifted towards smaller-bodied species. Finally, we present a general flow diagram of how civil wars in low-governance countries can have both positive and negative impacts on native wildlife populations at different scales of space and time