Temporary factors that condition innovation: comparison between family and non-family businesses

Studies conducted on innovation in family businesses have offered very diverse and sometimes contradictory results. The objective of this paper is to analyze the influence of time-related variables on the innovative behavior of companies. Furthermore, we compare the behavior of family and non-family companies, the influence of the generation and the transference of management. To do this, companies are classified according to the stage of life in which they are and are compared using a mean difference test (Anova). Subsequently, already focused on family businesses, the effects of generating control in the case of family businesses are analyzed, considering the foundational and subsequent periods. The results show that the behavior towards the innovation of family businesses is conditioned by the temporal dimension

Peer Victimization in Overweight Adolescents and Its Effect on Their Self-Esteem and Peer Difficulties

This study has three objectives: to examine whether adolescents who perceive themselves as overweight differ from others in terms of offline victimization at school, cybervictimization, self-esteem, and difficulties relating to peers; to examine the possible effects of offline and cybervictimization on self-esteem and difficulties relating to peers; and to examine the possible moderating role of perceiving oneself as overweight on those effects. Previously validated questionnaires were applied to a sample of 3145 adolescents in Asturias (Spain). Descriptive, inferential, correlational, and structural equation analyses were performed. Adolescents who perceived themselves as overweight reported being victims of both offline victimization and most forms of cybervictimization to a greater extent than those who did not perceive themselves as overweight. They also reported lower self-esteem and more peer difficulties (shyness or social anxiety). In both groups of adolescents, victimization and cybervictimization were correlated with each other, both types of victimization had direct, negative effects on self-esteem, and self-esteem in turn had a direct, negative effect on peer difficulties. Furthermore, offline victimization had a direct, positive effect on peer difficulties. Perceiving oneself as overweight moderated the effect of self-esteem on peer difficulties. In adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight, low self-esteem was a stronger risk factor of peer difficulties than in the rest of the adolescents. With high overall self-esteem there were no significant differences in peer difficulties between the adolescents perceiving themselves as overweight and the rest of the adolescents

Un análisis abstracto del Derecho Penal del Enemigo a partir del Constitucionalismo Garantista y Dignatario

Indexación ScieloEl presente artículo describe, sin considerar casos particulares - y consultando preferentemente la obra de Günther Jakobs y algunos de sus comentaristas - las principales características del denominado Derecho Penal del Enemigo en abstracto. Ello con el propósito de evaluar su compatibilidad con el concepto de Dignidad Humana, presente en la mayoría de los ordenamientos constitucionales contemporáneos y en el sistema de protección de los Derechos Humanos. Se razona, aplicando el marco general propuesto por el neoconstitucionalismo teórico y el garantismo, especialmente aquella premisa que destaca la estructura estratificada de los sistemas jurídicos y en la cual la validez de las normas inferiores depende de su conformidad y adecuación a las superiores. El trabajo, intenta situarse dentro del no positivismo principialista en la Teoría del Derecho. Propone que en aquellos ordenamientos donde la noción de Dignidad Humana se incluya en la Carta Fundamental, normas tributarias del denominado Derecho Penal del Enemigo serían inconstitucionales. Se concluye reflexionando en torno a algunos rasgos de la formulación general del Derecho Penal del Enemigo que causarían tensiones irreconciliables con la noción de Dignidad Humana.Abstract: The article describes, without considering particular cases - and preferably by consulting the work of Günther Jakobs and some of his commentators - the main features of theCriminal Law of the Enemy, abstractly. This, so as to evaluate their compatibility with the concept of Human Dignity, present in the majority of contemporary constitutional systems as well as in Human Rights protection systems. It is argued by applying the general statement, proposed by the theoretical neo constitutionalism, specially the principle that stresses the hierarchical structure of legal systems, in which the existence of a law depends of its compatibility and adequacy to higher laws. Through this work, we focus on the main non-positivism in the theory of law. It proposes that laws that recognize the Criminal Law of the Enemy, are unconstitutional if Human Dignity is included in the pertaining legal system's Constitution. It concludes reflecting about some features of Criminal Law of the Enemy, which cause irreconcilable issues with the concept of Human Dignity.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-33992009000200003&nrm=isohttp://www.politicacriminal.cl/Vol_04/n_08/Vol4N8A3.pd

Relationship between legitimation, competition and organizational death: current state of the art.

There is agreement among ecology researchers that the concepts of legitimation and competition are partly responsible for organizational selection. Finding adequate measures to represent these concepts, however, has been elusive and has been the main obstacle to the development of this stream of investigation. On the basis of the germinal density dependence model, we identify two lines of research, which have generated seven distinct models. This survey shows that there has been a general tendency to use only three variables to measure legitimation and competition, which are often measured together. However, we argue that fruitful results have emerged when efforts have been made to separate both concepts and that there is some potential in using new measures (mass or concentration) which have so far only found limited application in the field of population demography. These findings, together with the inconclusive results of this stream of research, allow us to identify the existing gaps in the literature and comment on directions for future research.Sociología de la organización; Cambio organizativo;

Ownership Structure of Cooperatives as an Environmental Buffer.

In this paper, we propose that the ownership structure in the cooperative form acts as an environmental buffer. It is a mechanism to obtain stronger linkages with suppliers by internalizing them, and in this way, obtaining fundamental resources. Using this strategy, the cooperative form can isolate itself from adverse environments and from competition from other organizational forms. Although cooperatives have higher survival probability in any economic context, in rival ideological environments they have less support than other organizational forms. To test these ideas, we have chosen data from the Spanish olive oil milling industry for 1944–98. During this period, Spain changed from a dictatorial to a democratic regime and from a self-subsistence economy in the post civil-war period to a broad liberal international economy. The results show that, whereas other organizational forms are affected by economic and ideological influences, the cooperative form isolates itself by changing the competition level.

The Mexican intertemporal budget constraint: Persistent signals of an eventual collapse

This paper examines the sustainability of the Mexican current account deficit prior to the December 1994 crisis. It tests whether or not the Mexican economy was satisfying its intertemporal budget constraint, and finds that signals of possible trouble without a change in policies were present long before the crisis. The tests used are based on the Wickens-Uctum criterion for the sustainability of current account deficits, extended to include the case of possible interventions.intertemporal budget constraint, current account, sustainability of current account deficit, Mexico

'Ephemerality’ in game development: opportunitiees and challenges

Ephemeral Computation (Eph-C) is a newly created computation paradigm, the purpose of which is to take advantage of the ephemeral nature (limited lifetime) of computational resources. First we speak of this new paradigm in general terms, then more specifically in terms of videogame development. We present possible applications and benefits for the main research fields associated with videogame development. This is a preliminary work which aims to investigate the possibilities of applying ephemeral computation to the products of the videogame industry. Therefore, as a preliminary work, it attempts to serve as the inspiration for other researchers or videogame developers.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech