Analyzing program termination and complexity automatically with AProVE

In this system description, we present the tool AProVE for automatic termination and complexity proofs of Java, C, Haskell, Prolog, and rewrite systems. In addition to classical term rewrite systems (TRSs), AProVE also supports rewrite systems containing built-in integers (int-TRSs). To analyze programs in high-level languages, AProVE automatically converts them to (int-)TRSs. Then, a wide range of techniques is employed to prove termination and to infer complexity bounds for the resulting rewrite systems. The generated proofs can be exported to check their correctness using automatic certifiers. To use AProVE in software construction, we present a corresponding plug-in for the popular Eclipse software development environment

La siembra de pastos asociados con man? forrajero Arachis pintoi

CATIE (Centro Agron?mico Tropical de Investigaci?n y Ense?anza

?C?mo preparar henos de buena calidad en forma artesanal?

CATIE (Centro Agron?mico Tropical de Investigaci?n y Ense?anza

La siembra de pastos asociados con man? forrajero Arachis pintoi

Ilus. Tab

Opciones al uso unilateral de plaguicidas en Costa Rica; pasado, presente, futuro

2 gr?f. 9 tab. Bib. p. 121-125. Sum. (Es)El uso de la meteorolog?a en el combate de enfermedades fitopat?genas representa una opci?n importante al uso unilateral de plaguicidas ya que puede contribuir a racionalizar el uso de estos productos, a reducir los costos de Producci?n y a mantener los cultivos en buen estado sanitario, dentro de un marco de respeto al ambiente y a la salud humana. En este trabajo se presenta, inicialmente, la influencia de algunas variables meteorol?gicas (agua, temperatura, viento, radiaci?n y humedad del suelo) sobre las enfermedades de las plantas. Luego se analiza a nivel general y para el caso particular de Costa Rica, el papel de la meteorolog?a en el combate de las enfermedades por medio del manejo del microclima (a?reo, ed?fico, en invernaderos y durante el transporte y almacenamiento de productos agr?colas), la evitaci?n, la termoterapia y de los sistemas meteorol?gicos y biometeorol?gicos de preaviso. Sobre este ?ltimo m?todo se presenta el ejemplo de algunos sistemas de pron?stico conocidos o de uso potencial en Costa Rica. Se hace ?nfasis a la utilidad permanente de esos procedimientos agrometeorol?gicos en el manejo integrado de las enfermedades fitopat?genas y en la necesidad de dedicar m?s esfuerzos a su investigaci?n, mejoramiento y uso m?s intensivo

Correlation between case mix index and antibiotic use in hospitals

BACKGROUND: To compare the quantitative antibiotic use between hospitals or hospital units and to explore differences, adjustment for severity of illness of hospitalized patients is essential. The case mix index (CMI) is an economic surrogate marker (i.e. the total cost weights of all inpatients per a defined time period divided by the number of admissions) to describe the average patients' morbidity of individual hospitals. We aimed to investigate the correlation between CMI and hospital antibiotic use. METHODS: We used weighted linear regression analysis to evaluate the correlation between in-hospital antibiotic use in 2006 and CMI of 18 departments of the tertiary care University Hospital Zurich and of 10 primary and 2 secondary acute care hospitals in the Canton of Zurich in Switzerland. RESULTS: Antibiotic use varied substantially between different departments of the university hospital [defined daily doses (DDD)/100 bed-days, 68.04; range, 20.97-323.37] and between primary and secondary care hospitals (range of DDD/100 bed-days, 15.45-57.05). Antibiotic use of university hospital departments and the different hospitals, respectively, correlated with CMI when calculated in DDD/100 bed-days [coefficient of determination (R(2)), 0.57 (P = 0.0002) and 0.46 (P = 0.0065)], as well as when calculated in DDD/100 admissions [R(2), 0.48 (P = 0.0008) and 0.85 (P < 0.0001), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic use correlated with CMI across various specialties of a university hospital and across different acute care hospitals. For benchmarking antibiotic use within and across hospitals, adjustment for CMI may be a useful tool in order to take into account the differences in hospital category and patients' morbidities

Tres miradas en torno al tiempo : Merleau-Ponty, Gadamer y Ricoeur

219 p.Las propuestas de los tres fil?sofos que aqu? se analizan y comentan contribuyeron a derruir el modelo cognitivo que desde el siglo XVII se centraba en las oposiciones objetosujeto, objetividad-subjetividad, realidad-interpretaci?n, verdad-interpretaci?n, por lo tanto ayudaron a cambiar la conceptualizaci?n de las ciencias sociales y humanidades. Por supuesto no han sido los ?nicos intelectuales que han participado en esta empresa, pero s? fueron centrales en el debate epistemol?gico del siglo xx. Las propuestas de Maurice Merleau-Ponty se inscriben en el existencialismo franc?s, mientras que Hans-Georg Gadamer y Paul Ricoeur son dos pensadores fundamentales para la hermen?utica. Cuatro elementos enlazan a estos tres fil?sofos: sus propuestas epistemol?gicas, su reflexi?n sobre el lenguaje, sus an?lisis sobre la escritura de la historia y su problematizaci?n de la noci?n del tiempo. Los tres siendo j?venes se formaron en la filosof?a de Edmund Husserl, Merleau-Ponty y Gadamer fueron disc?pulos directos de Martin Heidegger, por lo que no es de extra?arse que el lector encuentre importantes semejanzas en sus propuestas

GM-CSF and ipilimumab therapy in metastatic melanoma: Clinical outcomes and immunologic responses

We conducted a phase II clinical trial of anti-CTLA-4 antibody (ipilimumab) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 22 patients with metastatic melanoma and determined clinical outcomes and immunologic responses. The treatment consisted of a 3-mo induction with ipilimumab at 10 mg/kg administered every 3 weeks for four doses in combination with GM-CSF at 125 µg/m(2) for 14 d beginning on the day of the ipilimumab infusion and then GM-CSF for 3 mo on the same schedule without ipilimumab. This was followed by maintenance therapy with the combination every 3 mo for up to 2 y or until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Blood samples for determination of immune subsets were obtained before treatment, at week 3 (end of cycle 1) and at week 6 (end of cycle 2). Blood samples were also obtained from seven subjects who were cancer-free. The immune response disease control (irDC) rate at 24 weeks was 41% and the overall response rate (ORR) was 32%. The median progression free-survival (PFS) was 3.5 mo and the median overall survival (OS) was 21.1 mo. 41% of the patients experienced Grade 3 to 4 adverse events. We conclude that this combination is safe and the results suggest the combination may be more effective than ipilimumab monotherapy. Further, the results suggest that lower levels of CD4(+) effector T cells but higher levels of CD8(+) T cells expressing PD-1 at pre-treatment could be a potential biomarker for disease control in patients who receive immunotherapy with ipilimumab and GM-CSF. Further trials of this combination are warranted