305 research outputs found
Typologie de la peche et niveau de biomasse exploitee au Lac de Bolondo (region de la Bagoue ; nord de la Cote dâIvoire)
Cette Ă©tude de caractĂ©risation de la pĂȘche au lac de Bolondo (environ 1,5 kmÂČ) dans la rĂ©gion de la BagouĂ© (Nord de la CĂŽte dâIvoire) a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pendant 12 mois (janvier Ă dĂ©cembre 2014) Ă lâaide de questionnaire auprĂšs des pĂȘcheurs et de fiches dâenregistrement des captures. Elle montre que la pĂȘche est majoritairement pratiquĂ©e par des non nationaux, essentiellement dâorigine malienne (61,54 %). Les pĂȘcheurs sont tous des illettrĂ©s. Ils sont en gĂ©nĂ©ral des professionnels et 46,15 % parmi-eux sâadonnent exclusivement Ă lâactivitĂ© de pĂȘche. Aussi, la plupart des acteurs considĂšrent-ils la pĂȘche comme une activitĂ© essentielle. Ils utilisent en majoritĂ© des nasses en filet de type papolo (58,82 %) et les filets maillants (25,49 %) comme principaux engins de pĂȘche. Les pirogues en planches clouĂ©es constituent les seules embarcations utilisĂ©es. Lâeffort de pĂȘche est Ă©levĂ© et oscille entre 4 et 8,67 pĂȘcheurs/kmÂČ. La production piscicole est estimĂ©e Ă 44,52 T et comprend des espĂšces Ă©conomiquement importantes avec une proportion considĂ©rable de la biomasse du tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (33,73 %). Toutefois, lâutilisation dâengins non sĂ©lectifs, lâeffort de pĂȘche Ă©levĂ©, le manque de formation et lâinsuffisance dâencadrement des acteurs restent des contraintes majeures au dĂ©veloppement durable de cette activitĂ©.Mots-clĂ©s: PĂȘche, Production halieutique, Lac de Bolondo, CĂŽte dâIvoireEnglish Title: Fishing typology and level of biomass exploited at Bolondo Lake BagouĂ© Region, northern CĂŽte d'IvoireEnglish AbstractThis fishing characterization study at Lake Bolondo (approximately 1.5 kmÂČ) in the BagouĂ© region (northern CĂŽte dâIvoire) was carried out for 12 months (January to December 2014) using fishermenâs questionnaire and catchs registration form. It shows that fishing is mainly carried out by non-nationals, essentially of Malian origin (61.54%). The fishermen are all illiterate. They are generally professionals and 46.15% of them are engaged exclusively in the fishing activity. Also, most actors consider fishing as an essential activity. Most of them use trap nets (58.82%) and gillnets (25.49%) as main fishing gear. Canoes nailed planks are the only boats used. The fishing effort is high and oscillates between 4 and 8.67 fishermen / kmÂČ. Fish production is estimated at 44.52 T and includes economically important species with a considerable proportion of tilapia biomass Oreochromis niloticus (33.73%). However, the use of non-selective gear, the high fishing effort, the lack of training and the insufficient supervision of the actors remain major constraints to the sustainable development of this activity.Keywords: Fishing, Fishery production, Bolondo Lake, Ivory Coas
Malaria transmission and insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae in Ellibou, CĂŽte d'Ivoire
Background
Malaria is a major public health problem in CĂŽte d'Ivoire with a countrywide prevalence exceeding 60%. The main strategies to fight the disease include early diagnosis, prompt and effective treatment as well as individual and community effective preventive measures, such as the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). The deployment of any of these preventive measures must take into account the local conditions of malaria transmission, in particular the level of endemicity, the vectors involved in the transmission and the factors which influence the level of transmission. Unfortunately, resistance of malaria vectors to pyrethroids (PYRs), the main approved class of insecticides for treatment of bednets is widespread and constitutes a problem in disease control by the National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP). Ellibou is located in the southern part of CĂŽte d'Ivoire and apart from the LLIN distribution campaign by the NMCP in 2014, no entomological study has been conducted in this locality. However, knowledge of the local malaria vectors and their resistance status to insecticides are essential to implement vector control strategies.
Aim and objectives
The aim of this PhD study was to determine key entomological parameters of malaria transmission and to assess the insecticide susceptibility of malaria vectors in Elibou, South CĂŽte d'Ivoire. Specifically, we (i) determined the species composition of mosquitoes in Elibou, the sporozoite rate and the seasonal variation of malaria vector density over an entire year; (ii) assessed the insecticide susceptibility of the main malaria vector to the four conventional classes of insecticides used in public health and characterise the mechanisms involved in resistance to these insecticides; and (iii) investigated the knowledge, attitudes, practices and believes (KAPB) of the population in relation to the use of insecticides and insecticide resistance in malaria vectors.
Methods
We carried out an entomological survey, including larvae and adult mosquito collections in Elibou village over a 1-year period. To catch adult mosquitoes we performed pyrethroid spray catches (PSCs) and deployed CDC light traps (LTs). Adults mosquitoes were identified morphologically and diagnosted by PCR to genus and, where possible, to species level.
The susceptibilty of female Anopheles moquitoes emerged from larvae to insecticides was assessed by World Health Organization (WHO) insecticide susceptibility assays, while we characterised the mechanisms involved in insecticide resistance by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, a KAPB survey, using questionaires, focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews, was carried out.
Results
We caught 2,383 adult mosquitoes, 884 specimens by CDC light traps and 1,499 by PSCs. We morphologically identified 10 different taxa, including three Anopheles taxa. Anopheles gambiae s.l. represented the predominant malaria vector. The other two Anopheles taxa were Anopheles funestus and Anopheles pharoensis representing less than 1% each. The molecular identification showed that An. gambiae s.s. (38.3%), Anopheles coluzzii (39.0%) and Anopheles arabiensis (19.5%) as the main malaria vectors in Elibou. To our knowledge, this is the first report of An. arababiensis in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. We also found An. gambiae/coluzzii hybrids (4.7%). The other mosquito species included Aedes sp., Culex sp. and Mansonia sp. and represented 57.8% of the total of mosquitoes collected. The sporozoite rates were 5.3%. The numbers of adult An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes increased considerably during the rainy seasons mainly between June and July. The main malaria vector was resistant to deltamethrin, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and bendiocarb while susceptible to malathion. In the An. gambiae s.l. specimens we found the insecticide target site mutations kdr L1014F, L1014S and N1575Y, and the Ace-1 G119S at both the homozygous and heterozygous stage. While the L1014S was only found in An. arabiensis, nine individuals harboured simultaniousely the L1014F and L1014S alleles. The detoxification genes CYP6P3, CYP6M2, CYP6Z1, CYP6P4, CYP6P1, CYP9K1, CYP4G16 and GSTE2 were found to be overexpressed in all Anopheles tested from Ellibou. CYP6P4 and CYP6M2 were the most upregulated genes. The KAPB survey revealed that people have poor knowledge about insecticide resistance, while they felt that preventing measures were ineffective. The main reason given was that insecticides were diluted by the manufacturers as a marketing strategy to sell larger quantities of their products. More than a third of the farmers used agricultural pesticides for domestic purposes to kill weeds or mosquitoes.
Conclusion
The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the main local malaria vectors and their resistance status to insecticides used in public health and agriculture as well as factors that lead to insecticide resistance and persistence of malaria affecting the NMCP activities in the fight against malaria. Here, we report for the first time the presence An. arabiensis among malaria vectors in CĂŽte dâIvoire. This finding is an early warning sign because An. arabiensis shows a different behaviour and ecology than An. coluzzii and An. gambiae s.s. Thus, different methods for vector control are required.
Resistance to insecticides as observed in Ellibou is a great concern. Our results show that several resistance mechanisms are involved in insecticide resistance. In addition, the KAPB results show that the pesticides used for agriculture are also used in households for domestic purposes and might be a cause of insecticide resistance development in mosquitoes in Elibou. Given the misunderstanding of resistance by the local population, it is important to inform them about the current situation for awareness and sensitise them for a change in behaviour on the best use of insecticides and the environmental sanitation.
For future studies, we recommend to investigate on the history of the onset of An. arabiensis in CĂŽte dâIvoire, its distribution, its resistance status and its implication in malaria transmission. For An. gambiae s.l., the use of an alternative insecticide such as pyrimiphos-methyl, an organophosphate for IRS, is recommended. However, An. arabiensis is primarily an outdoor biting mosquito, and hence IRS and LLINs may be less effective against this malaria vector. To this end, we recommend to implement an effective control using a transdisciplinary approach while involving the local population because it plays an important role in the spread of resistance. The conclusions of our study will guide decision makers to design and implement an effective vector control strategy in the Ellibou region and other localities with the same characteristics.
Key words : Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles gambiae, Ellibou, CĂŽte dâIvoire, insecticide resistance, metabolic resistance, transmission, malaria
Three essays in asset pricing and llimate finance
Cette thÚse, divisée en trois chapitres, contribue à la vaste et récente littérature sur l'évaluation des actifs et la finance climatique. Le premier chapitre contribue à la littérature sur la finance climatique tandis que les deux derniers contribuent à la littérature sur l'évalutaion des actifs.
Le premier chapitre analyse comment les politiques environnementales visant à réduire les émissions de carbone affectent les prix des actifs et la consommation des ménages. En utilisant de nouvelles données, je propose une mesure des émissions de carbone du point de vue du consommateur et une mesure du risque de croissance de la consommation de carbone. Les mesures sont basées sur des informations sur la consommation totale et l'empreinte carbone de chaque bien et service. Pour analyser les effets des politiques environnementales, un modÚle de risques de long terme est développé dans lequel la croissance de la consommation comprend deux composantes: le taux de croissance de la consommation de carbone et le taux de croissance de la part de la consommation de carbone dans la consommation totale. Ce chapitre soutient que le risque de long terme de la croissance de la consommation provient principalement de la croissance de la consommation de carbone découlant des politiques et des actions visant à réduire les émissions, telles que l'Accord de Paris et la Conférence des Nations Unies sur le changement climatique (COP26). Mon modÚle aide à détecter le risque de long terme dans la consommation des politiques climatiques tout en résolvant simultanément les énigmes de la prime de risque et de la volatilité, et en expliquant la coupe transversale des actifs. La décomposition de la consommation pourrait conduire à identifier les postes de consommation les plus polluants et à construire une stratégie d'investissement minimisant ou maximisant un critÚre environnemental de long terme.
Le deuxiÚme chapitre (co-écrit avec René Garcia et Caio Almeida) étudie le rÎle des facteurs non linéaires indépendants dans la valorisation des actifs. Alors que la majorité des facteurs d'actualisation stochastique (SDF) les plus utilisés qui expliquent la coupe transversale des rendements boursiers sont obtenus à partir des composantes principales linéaires, nous montrons dans ce deuxiÚme chapitre que le fait de permettre la substitution de certaines composantes principales linéaires par des facteurs non linéaires indépendants améliore systématiquement la capacité des facteurs d'actualisation stochastique de valoriser la coupe transversale des actifs. Nous utilisons les 25 portefeuilles de Fama-French, cinquante portefeuilles d'anomalies et cinquante anomalies plus les termes d'interaction basés sur les caractéristiques pour tester l'efficacité des facteurs dynamiques non linéaires. Le SDF estimé à l'aide d'un mélange de facteurs non linéaires et linéaires surpasse ceux qui utilisent uniquement des facteurs linéaires ou des rendements caractéristiques bruts en termes de performance mesurée par le R-carré hors échantillon. De plus, le modÚle hybride - utilisant à la fois des composantes principales non linéaires et linéaires - nécessite moins de facteurs de risque pour atteindre les performances hors échantillon les plus élevées par rapport à un modÚle utilisant uniquement des facteurs linéaires.
Le dernier chapitre Ă©tudie la prĂ©visibilitĂ© du rendement des anomalies Ă travers les dĂ©ciles Ă l'aide d'un ensemble de quarante-huit variables d'anomalie construites Ă partir des caractĂ©ristiques de titres individuels. AprĂšs avoir construit les portefeuilles dĂ©ciles, cet article Ă©tudie leur prĂ©visibilitĂ© en utilisant leurs propres informations passĂ©es et d'autres prĂ©dicteurs bien connus. Les analyses rĂ©vĂšlent que les rendements des portefeuilles dĂ©ciles sont persistants et prĂ©visibles par le ratio de la valeur comptable sur la valeur de marchĂ© de l'entreprise, la variance des actions, le rendement des dividendes, le ratio des prix sur les dividendes, le taux de rendement Ă long terme, le rendement des obligations d'entreprise, le TED Spread et l'indice VIX. De plus, une stratĂ©gie consistant Ă prendre une position longue sur le dĂ©cile avec le rendement attendu le plus Ă©levĂ© et Ă prendre une position courte sur le dĂ©cile avec le rendement attendu le plus bas chaque mois donne des rendements moyens et un rendement par risque bien meilleurs que la stratĂ©gie traditionnelle fondĂ©e sur les dĂ©ciles extrĂȘmes pour quarante-cinq des quarante-huit anomalies.This thesis, divided into three chapters, contributes to the vast and recent literature on asset pricing, and climate finance. The first chapter contributes to the climate finance literature while the last two contribute to the asset pricing literature.
The first chapter analyzes how environmental policies that aim to reduce carbon emissions affect asset prices and household consumption. Using novel data, I propose a measure of carbon emissions from a consumer point of view and a carbon consumption growth risk measure. The measures are based on information on aggregate consumption and the carbon footprint for each good and service. To analyze the effects of environmental policies, a long-run risks model is developed where consumption growth is decomposed into two components: the growth rate of carbon consumption and the growth rate of the share of carbon consumption out of total consumption. This paper argues that the long-run risk in consumption growth comes mainly from the carbon consumption growth arising from policies and actions to curb emissions, such as the Paris Agreement and the U.N. Climate Change Conference (COP26). My model helps to detect long-run risk in consumption from climate policies while simultaneously solving the equity premium and volatility puzzles, and explaining the cross-section of assets. The decomposition of consumption could lead to identifying the most polluting consumption items and to constructing an investment strategy that minimizes or maximizes a long-term environmental criterion.
The second chapter (co-authored with René Garcia, and Caio Almeida) studies the role of truly independent nonlinear factors in asset pricing. While the most successful stochastic discount factor (SDF) models that price well the cross-section of stock returns are obtained from regularized linear principal components of characteristic-based returns we show that allowing for substitution of some linear principal components by independent nonlinear factors consistently improves the SDF's ability to price this cross-section. We use the Fama-French 25 ME/BM-sorted portfolios, fifty anomaly portfolios, and fifty anomalies plus characteristic-based interaction terms to test the effectiveness of the nonlinear dynamic factors. The SDF estimated using a mixture of nonlinear and linear factors outperforms the ones using solely linear factors or raw characteristic returns in terms of out-of-sample R-squared pricing performance. Moreover, the hybrid model --using both nonlinear and linear principal components-- requires fewer risk factors to achieve the highest out-of-sample performance compared to a model using only linear factors.
The last chapter studies anomaly return predictability across deciles using a set of forty-eight anomaly variables built using individual stock characteristics. After constructing the decile portfolios, this paper studies their predictability using their own past information, and other well-known predictors. The analyses reveal that decile portfolio returns are persistent and predictable by book-to-market, stock variance, dividend yield, dividend price ratio, long-term rate of return, corporate bond return, TED Spread, and VIX index. Moreover, a strategy consisting of going long on the decile with the highest expected return and going short on the decile with the lowest expected return each month gives better mean returns and Sharpe ratios than the traditional strategy based on extreme deciles for forty-five out of forty-eight anomalies
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Tuberculose vertebrale dans un contexte de gravido-puerperalite
La survenue dâune tuberculose vertĂ©brale au cours de la grossesse ou dans le postpartum est rare et de diagnostic souvent tardif. Les lombalgies sont souvent confondues avec les les lombalgies « bĂ©ngnes » frĂ©quemment observĂ©es au cours de la grossesse. Nous rapportons 2 cas de tuberculose vertĂ©brale survenue au cours de la grossesse avec exacerbation symptomatique dans le post-partum immĂ©diat. La persistance et lâaggravation des lombalgies aprĂšs lâaccouchement ont fait reconsidĂ©rĂ© le diagnostic. Les explorations radiologiques ultĂ©rieures ont permis dâĂ©voquer le diagnostic de spondylodiscite tuberculeuse probable qui a Ă©tĂ© confirmĂ© par lâanalyse des prĂ©lĂšvements issus des ponctions biopsiques. Il ressort de lâanalyse de ces 2 cas que la lombalgie chez la femme enceinte nâest pas toujours bĂ©nigne et peut ĂȘtre le fait dâune tuberculose vertĂ©brale
Effets de lâannonce du diagnostic de la COVID-19 sur les voyageurs en CĂŽte dâIvoire
The psychosocial effect of COVID-19 coupled with that of mobility restriction in air travelers is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to improve knowledge on the effect of COVID-19 on travelers in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. The psychosocial effect of COVID-19 coupled with that of mobility restriction in air travelers is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to improve knowledge on the effect of COVID-19 on travelers in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. A qualitative study was carried out with travelers consulting the COVID-19 team of the Institut Pasteur in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. Data collection was carried out from August 13 to December 31, 2020 from travelers with a positive Covid-19 test through semi-structured individual interviews. Thirty-two travellers aged 18 to 69 were included. This analysis shows that the announcement of the diagnosis generates a wide range of negative psychological reactions due to the fact of being infected and the impossibility of travelling. Among these reactions are anxieties of dream annihilation, anger, aggressiveness, the feeling of injustice and revolt. These reactions include anxieties of dream annihilation, anger, aggressiveness, the feeling of injustice and revolt. In terms of financial impact, additional airfare and accommodation costs are the main additional costs mentioned. Furthermore, the impossibility of returning to work constituted a great financial loss, especially for those who left for a new job because the job was threatened. At the social level, several travelers mentioned the fear of being stigmatized. The announcement of a highly contagious infectious disease has a double challenge: the reduction of the psychosocial impact and the reduction of transmission.Lâeffet psychosocial de la COVID-19 couplĂ© Ă celui de la restriction de mobilitĂ© chez les voyageurs aĂ©riens est trĂšs peu documentĂ©. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâamĂ©liorer les connaissances des effets de la COVID-19 sur les voyageurs en CĂŽte dâIvoire. Une Ă©tude qualitative a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs des voyageurs consultant lâĂ©quipe COVID-19 de lâInstitut Pasteur de CĂŽte dâIvoire. La collecte des donnĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e du 13 aoĂ»t au 31 dĂ©cembre 2020 auprĂšs des voyageurs ayant un test de COVID-19 positif Ă travers des entretiens individuels semi-directifs. Trente-deux voyageurs ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă 69 ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. Il ressort de cette analyse que lâannonce du diagnostic gĂ©nĂšre des rĂ©actions psychologiques nĂ©gatives trĂšs variĂ©es dues au fait dâĂȘtre infectĂ© et Ă lâimpossibilitĂ© de voyager. Au nombre de ces rĂ©actions, figurent des angoisses dâanĂ©antissement de rĂȘve, la colĂšre, lâagressivitĂ©, le sentiment dâinjustice et la rĂ©volte. Au niveau de lâimpact financier, les frais supplĂ©mentaires sur le billet dâavion et les frais de sĂ©jour sont les principaux surcoĂ»ts mentionnĂ©s. En outre, lâimpossibilitĂ© de reprendre le travail constituait une perte financiĂšre particuliĂšrement pour ceux qui partaient pour un nouvel emploi. Au niveau social, la crainte dâĂȘtre stigmatisĂ© a Ă©tĂ© mentionnĂ©e par plusieurs voyageurs. Lâannonce dâune maladie infectieuse trĂšs contagieuse a un double enjeu : la rĂ©duction de lâeffet psychosocial et la diminution de la transmission
Effets de lâannonce du diagnostic de la COVID-19 sur les voyageurs en CĂŽte dâIvoire
The psychosocial effect of COVID-19 coupled with that of mobility restriction in air travelers is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to improve knowledge on the effect of COVID-19 on travelers in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. The psychosocial effect of COVID-19 coupled with that of mobility restriction in air travelers is poorly documented. The objective of this study was to improve knowledge on the effect of COVID-19 on travelers in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. A qualitative study was carried out with travelers consulting the COVID-19 team of the Institut Pasteur in CĂŽte d'Ivoire. Data collection was carried out from August 13 to December 31, 2020 from travelers with a positive Covid-19 test through semi-structured individual interviews. Thirty-two travellers aged 18 to 69 were included. This analysis shows that the announcement of the diagnosis generates a wide range of negative psychological reactions due to the fact of being infected and the impossibility of travelling. Among these reactions are anxieties of dream annihilation, anger, aggressiveness, the feeling of injustice and revolt. These reactions include anxieties of dream annihilation, anger, aggressiveness, the feeling of injustice and revolt. In terms of financial impact, additional airfare and accommodation costs are the main additional costs mentioned. Furthermore, the impossibility of returning to work constituted a great financial loss, especially for those who left for a new job because the job was threatened. At the social level, several travelers mentioned the fear of being stigmatized. The announcement of a highly contagious infectious disease has a double challenge: the reduction of the psychosocial impact and the reduction of transmission.Lâeffet psychosocial de la COVID-19 couplĂ© Ă celui de la restriction de mobilitĂ© chez les voyageurs aĂ©riens est trĂšs peu documentĂ©. Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâamĂ©liorer les connaissances des effets de la COVID-19 sur les voyageurs en CĂŽte dâIvoire. Une Ă©tude qualitative a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs des voyageurs consultant lâĂ©quipe COVID-19 de lâInstitut Pasteur de CĂŽte dâIvoire. La collecte des donnĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e du 13 aoĂ»t au 31 dĂ©cembre 2020 auprĂšs des voyageurs ayant un test de COVID-19 positif Ă travers des entretiens individuels semi-directifs. Trente-deux voyageurs ĂągĂ©s de 18 Ă 69 ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. Il ressort de cette analyse que lâannonce du diagnostic gĂ©nĂšre des rĂ©actions psychologiques nĂ©gatives trĂšs variĂ©es dues au fait dâĂȘtre infectĂ© et Ă lâimpossibilitĂ© de voyager. Au nombre de ces rĂ©actions, figurent des angoisses dâanĂ©antissement de rĂȘve, la colĂšre, lâagressivitĂ©, le sentiment dâinjustice et la rĂ©volte. Au niveau de lâimpact financier, les frais supplĂ©mentaires sur le billet dâavion et les frais de sĂ©jour sont les principaux surcoĂ»ts mentionnĂ©s. En outre, lâimpossibilitĂ© de reprendre le travail constituait une perte financiĂšre particuliĂšrement pour ceux qui partaient pour un nouvel emploi. Au niveau social, la crainte dâĂȘtre stigmatisĂ© a Ă©tĂ© mentionnĂ©e par plusieurs voyageurs. Lâannonce dâune maladie infectieuse trĂšs contagieuse a un double enjeu : la rĂ©duction de lâeffet psychosocial et la diminution de la transmission
Cavernome extradural lombaire : etude dâune observation et revue de la litterature
Les cavernomes sont des malformations vasculaires peu frĂ©quentes au niveau du rachis et sont habituellement de siĂšge intra vertĂ©bral. Les cavernomes extraduraux lombaires sans point de dĂ©part vertĂ©bral sont trĂšs rares et comptent pour de 4 % des lĂ©sions extradurales. Nous rapportons un cas de cavernome extradural lombaire chez une patiente ĂągĂ©e de 51 ans ayant prĂ©sentĂ© une lomboradiculopathie progressive unilatĂ©rale L3. LâIRM avait retrouvĂ© une lĂ©sion Ă©pidurale dĂ©veloppĂ©e en arriĂšre de L3 prenant fortement le contraste. Le diagnostic de prĂ©somption Ă©tait celui dâun neurinome. Lâaspect macroscopique per opĂ©ratoire ainsi que lâexamen histologique ont permis de conclure a un cavernome. Les suites post opĂ©ratoires ont Ă©tĂ© simples avec une nette amĂ©lioration clinique sur un recul de 12 mois.Mots clĂ©s : Cavernome, Extradural, Lombaire, Rachi
Pituitary aspergillosis abscess in an immunocompetent black woman. A case report
Objective and Importance Aspergillus is a very resistant ubiquitous fungus, but its location in the pituitary fossa is exceptional. Generally, it is the result of a paranasal sinus infection initiated by inhaling fungal spores in suspension in the air. This article aims to describe a case of pituitary abscess from aspergillosis and discusses its diagnostic problems.Clinical Presentation An immunocompetent 26-year-old female patient showed up with amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome with infertility for several years. The CT Findings and hormonal studies strongly suggested pituitary adenoma or pituitary aspergillosis.Treatment The pituitary lesion was excised by a transsphenoidal approach. The diagnosis of aspergillus was confirmed by histopathology. The postoperative course was good with the administration of antifungal chemotherapy.Conclusion Pituitary Aspergellosis is not only rare, but also bears clinical, biological and radiological resemblance to pituitary adenoma; it should therefore be regarded as a differential diagnosis of pituitary tumours.Key words: Pituitary Aspergillosis, Pituitary Adenoma, Aspergillosis Absces
ICT Implementation and Management of Organizational Change in African Customs: The Case of the PVS System in the Customs of CĂŽte d'Ivoire.
Given the importance of customs revenues in the budgets of African countries, the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in order to adapt techniques and methods of control to the needs of facilitation of international trade is a major challenge. In this context, this work investigates what become of the technical potentialities of ICTs when confronted to the contextual characteristics of the environment in which they are to be implemented. This is the main purpose of this research that is based on the study of the case of the PVS system in the Customs administration of CĂŽte dâIvoire.
The work is a unique "embedded" case study, in an interpretativist epistemological positioning and an abductive approach. It feeds on data from various sources; but, it is based mainly on semi-structured interviews. The research uses the Actor Network Theory (ANT) as a framework for observation and thematic analysis. The general result is that, the system is implemented but it lacks to convey organizational transformations and coexists with former manual practices. By discussion of these results, two original contributions are made concerning the factors that influence the effective realization of the objectives of organizational change related to ICT implementation in the African Customs. On the one hand, contrary to the national cultural differentiation perspective that is often used in similar work in the African context, the research points out the important role of organizational variables; namely, organizational cultural values. And, on the other hand, in line with its interpretativist positioning, the research underlines the way the process is managed as a determining factor for the results that come out.
So, at the managerial level, research highlights the shortcomings of the âtop-downâ style of management. But above all, from this perspective, it proposes concrete ways of correcting these deficiencies through three recommendations: the application of a polyphonic management model (based on the principles of ANT); the reduction of cultural conflicts; and the rooting of managerial instrumentation in the cultural characteristics of the social environment.Au regard de la place capitale quâoccupent les recettes douaniĂšres dans les budgets des pays africains, la problĂ©matique de lâutilisation maximale des Technologies de lâInformation et de la Communication (TIC) afin dâadapter les techniques et mĂ©thodes de contrĂŽle aux besoins de cĂ©lĂ©ritĂ© exigĂ©e par lâĂ©volution du commerce international constitue un dĂ©fi majeur. Dans ce cadre, Ă travers lâĂ©tude du cas du PVS dans les Douanes ivoiriennes, ce travail investigue ce quâadvient concrĂštement des potentialitĂ©s techniques des TIC au contact des caractĂ©ristiques de contexte du milieu destinataire de mise en Ćuvre.
Le travail est une Ă©tude de cas unique « encastrĂ© », dans un positionnement interprĂ©tativiste et une approche abductive. Il sâalimente de donnĂ©es de sources diverses, mais est basĂ©e principalement sur des entretiens semi-structurĂ©s. La recherche utilise la ThĂ©orie de lâacteur rĂ©seau (TAR) comme grille dâobservation et dâanalyse. Globalement, les rĂ©sultats indiquent que le systĂšme est mis en exploitation et fonctionne. Cependant, il ne rĂ©alise pas les objectifs de transformations organisationnelles spĂ©cifiĂ©s au dĂ©part. Il y a un dĂ©couplage faisant coexister l'innovation technologique avec les pratiques manuelles antĂ©rieures. Par la discussion de ces rĂ©sultats, la recherche fait deux contributions originales sur les facteurs qui influencent la mise en Ćuvre des objectifs de changement organisationnel liĂ© aux TIC dans les Douanes africaines. Dâune part, contrairement Ă la perspective de la diffĂ©renciation culturelle nationale souvent utilisĂ©e dans les travaux similaires en contexte africain, la recherche pointe le rĂŽle important que jouent les facteurs de contexte internes Ă l'organisation; notamment, les valeurs de culture organisationnelle. Et, dâautre part, en ligne avec son positionnement interprĂ©tativiste, la recherche relĂšve la place dĂ©terminante du style de gestion du processus dans la qualitĂ© des rĂ©sultats rĂ©ellement obtenus.
Sur le plan managĂ©rial, cette Ă©tude structurĂ©e et approfondie met en lumiĂšre les insuffisances dâune gestion de style « Top down ». Mais, surtout, Ă partir de cet Ă©clairage, la recherche propose des pistes concrĂštes de correction de ces insuffisances Ă travers des recommandations de trois ordres : lâapplication dâun modĂšle de management polyphonique (basĂ© sur les principes de la TAR) ; la rĂ©duction des conflits de culture ; et, lâenracinement de lâinstrumentation managĂ©riale dans les caractĂ©ristiques culturelles de lâenvironnement social
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