Structural Integrity Re-Use Assessment for Fixed Structures

In a time not far from now, there will be a significant increase in the decommissioning activities of fixed offshore platforms in Asia Pacific Region. The usual methods of decommissioning comprise the complete removal, partial removal, reefing or re-using of the offshore structure. The major challenges that encounter during the complete or partial removal decommissioning is the shortage of decommissioning yards for managing onshore disposal. Therefore, reefing or re-using of the structure has better aspect of sustainability rather than the complete removal and disposal method. Reusing of the old structure can be not only cost saving but also will much reduce the emission of carbon dioxide during the steel manufacturing process from iron ore. In this report, it will be focused on the jacket of the fixed offshore structure and there will be two parts to discuss; structural integrity assessment and structural analysis. Before the structure is being reused, a structural integrity assessment is carried out to determine the current integrity of the structure. Based on the integrity assessment, modifications and/ or refurbishing are made if there is any and structural analysis is carried out to assess the strength of the offshore structure for reuse purpose

Experimental Study on Previous Concrete with Various Mix Ratios

The pervious concrete is designed with cementitious material content just enough to coat the coarse aggregate particles so that a configuration that allows the passage of water at a much higher rate than conventional concrete. The pervious concrete has many advantages that improves city environment, recharges the ground by rain water and could be used as pavement for light vehicles, pedestrian pathways, parking lots, also it reduces the tire pavement interaction noise etc. In this paper, structural property and permeability of pervious concrete made without and with different ratios of fine aggregate and pozzolan. 9.5 mm maximum size of crushed gravel and constant aggregate/cement ratio of 3.6 were used. Mix design void content is tested 20%. The specific gravity of fine aggregate 2.53 and the specific gravity of crushed stone 2.56. Type I Portland cement and water- reducing and retarding concrete admixture were used. Mix design is based on the no slump method from the American Concrete Institute’s Committee 211.3R-02, “Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for No Slump Concrete.” This research work was divided into third/three sections. The first section is without pozzolan and fine aggregate and second section is with two different ratios of pozzolan third section is without pozzolan and with fine aggregate. Pozzolan is used as a supplementary cementitious material to partially replace Portland cement in pervious concrete mixes up to 20% by weight. Fine aggregate partially replace as a coarse aggregate in pervious concrete mixes up to 10% by weight. Mix design void content is tested 20%. This concrete is tested for its properties, such as density, void content, compressive strength and water permeability. The most important property of pervious concrete is its water permeability

Oral health promotion programme for diabetics in Singapore

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Mortality statistics of Burma

In this thesis an attempt is made to study the mortality statistics of Burma. It is mainly based on the fourteen years [1965-1978) published vital registration data collected by the Central Statistical Organisation and the Directorate of Health. Death registration is deficient in many ways and the official death rates are found to be lower than the perceived rates. Leading causes of death are pneumonia, tuberculosis, diseases of the heart, enteritis and diarrhoea diseases, cancer, accidents, perinatal mortality and bronchitis. Burmese mortality pattern follows the pre-industrial mortality pattern with high mortality at extreme ages. There are indications of declining mortality during 1950-1978 and that mortality reduction has stabilized since 1971 and further improvement is not likely for a considerable period. Successful implementation of death registration in Burma lies in strengthening the trained staff coupled with more co-ordination and co-operation between concerned departments. More exposure of the objectives of death registration to the general mass as national movement under the guidance of Burma Socialist Program Party is a promising aid for future death registration of Burma

Structural Integrity Re-Use Assessment for Fixed Structures

In a time not far from now, there will be a significant increase in the decommissioning activities of fixed offshore platforms in Asia Pacific Region. The usual methods of decommissioning comprise the complete removal, partial removal, reefing or re-using of the offshore structure. The major challenges that encounter during the complete or partial removal decommissioning is the shortage of decommissioning yards for managing onshore disposal. Therefore, reefing or re-using of the structure has better aspect of sustainability rather than the complete removal and disposal method. Reusing of the old structure can be not only cost saving but also will much reduce the emission of carbon dioxide during the steel manufacturing process from iron ore. In this report, it will be focused on the jacket of the fixed offshore structure and there will be two parts to discuss; structural integrity assessment and structural analysis. Before the structure is being reused, a structural integrity assessment is carried out to determine the current integrity of the structure. Based on the integrity assessment, modifications and/ or refurbishing are made if there is any and structural analysis is carried out to assess the strength of the offshore structure for reuse purpose

Study on the Effect of Different Urea Fertilizer Rates and Plant Populations on the Severity of Bacterial Blight (BB) of Rice

To study the effect of different urea fertilizer rates and plant populations on disease severity of bacterial blight of rice and yield lasses related to disease, the experiments including three plant populations (110000, 150000, 190000) and five urea fertilizer rates (0,56 lb, 112 lb, 168 lb and 224 lb per acre) were conducted at Central Agriculture Research Institute farm in 1999 and 2000 rainy seasons. Manawthukha was used as a test variety that is susceptible to bacterial blight of rice. The disease severity could be increased by the application of urea. Although urea 112 lb per acre gave moderate disease severity than without urea, its yield is highest. The higher disease severity also showed the related effect of plant population of 150000 and above. However the combination of urea 224 lb per acre with the population of 190000 and 150000 gave the highest severity of bacterial blight disease and the minimum grain yield. The application of urea 224 lbs per acre can cause yield reduction ranging from 18.67 percent to 27.57 percent over the application of urea 112 lb per acre

Studies on Physicochemical Properties and Elemental Analysis of Citron and Pomelo Fruits Peels Pectins

This research work is aimed to study the physicochemical properties and elemental analysis of citron and pomelo fruits peels pectins which have been extracted. In the present work, determination of some physicochemical parameters such as color, moisture content, ash content, setting time, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, anhydrouronic acid (AUA), degree of esterification (DE), molecular weight and elemental analysis of the prepared pectins have been performed. The color of citron peel pectin and pomelo peels pectins were determined by eye test. Moisture contents were determined by oven drying method, ash contents were determined by the method used in the food analysis, setting times were determined by a simple method of Owens, equivalent weights, methoxyl contents, anhydrouronic acids (AUA) and degree of esterifications (DE) were determined by titrimetric method, molecular weights were determined by viscometric method and elemental analysis were determined by Energy Disperse X-ray Fluoresce (ED XRF) analysis. Physicochemical properties of the citron and pomelo peels pectins were found to be white-yellow and brown-yellow colors, 7.96% and 2.15 % of moisture contents, 1.07 % and 5.72 % of ash contents, 5 minutes and 12 minutes of  setting times, 2380 and 2500 of equivalent weights, 1.86 % and 2.29 % of methoxyl contents, 17.95 % and 20.06 % of anhydrouraonic acid contents and 58.83 % and 64.92 % of degree of estrifications and 6.61´ 104and 5.62 × 104 Da of molecular weights respectively. In the citron pectin, the relative abundance of Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Sr 20.06 % of anhydrouraonic acid contents and 58.83 % and 64.92 % of degree of estrifications and 6.61´ 104and 5.62 × 104 Da of molecular weights respectively. In the citron pectin, the relative abundance of Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Sr and Zn has been found to be 61.87 %, 22.67 %, 7.94 %, 3.11 %, 2.29 % and 2.13%, respectively (determined by ED XRF technique). Whereas in the pomelo pectin, the relative abundance of Ca, K, Fe, Cu, Sr and Zn has been found to be 66.32 % 11.82 %, 11.73 %, 2.75 %, 2.32 % and 5.06 %, respectively