CAMPUR KODE DALAM ACARA TALK SHOW STUDIO MAKCIK DI TVRI KALBAR

Abstract.Contact events between languages can cause changes in language use. Such language contact events cause the mixing of codes by these individuals. This research emphasizes problems related to the use of mixed codes and the things that surround them. Judging from the closeness of the existing problems, there is a relationship between the types of code mixing and the factors underlying the occurrence of code mixing. The purpose of this study is to describe in depth about code mixing in the makik studio talk show on TVRI West Kalimantan. The method used in this research is descriptive method and qualitative form. The technique used in this research is tapping and note taking. The tool used for data collection in the form of observation sheets. The analysis technique used in this study is descriptive qualitative. Based on the analysis of the data it can be concluded that there are 4 types of mixed codes used in the makik studio talk show, 101 data in the form of words, 8 data repetition of words, 8 data in the form of baster and 2 data in the form of expressions. Factors that cause code mixing, 46 social and cultural background data, 6 data on the development and introduction of new cultures, 35 social value data, 10 oversight data, 2 low frequency of word data.Keywords: Studio Makcik,Code Mix,Code Mix Types and Factor

Exploring Carotenoid from Rhodococcus Kroppenstedtii as a Photosensitizer in a Dye Sensitised Solar Cell

A Dye-Sensitised Solar Cell (DSSC) is a low-cost thin film solar cell that works in diffused light and comes in a variety of colors. Most of the investigations on organic dye-based DSSC have used pigments from flowers and fruits as photosensitizers. With the majority of the world's economy reliant on agriculture to meet the food and feed demand, using agricultural resources for color extraction is not a realistic solution. Alternative dye resources, such as microorganisms, must thus be investigated in DSSCs to ensure a long-term future. The present study was a preliminary investigation to explore the potential of carotenoids derived from an actinobacteria Rhodococcus kroppenstedtii as a photosensitizer in a DSSC. The carotenoid extract from R. kroppenstedtii was subjected to stability analysis, to ascertain its potential as a photosensitizer. The extract was found to be stable at varying temperatures (0-80 °C), pH (3-11), and light conditions (dark, white light, sunlight), indicating its potential applicability as a photosensitizer. Further, increasing concentrations (12.5 mg/mL-100 mg/mL) of the extract was used for sensitization of TiO 2 in a DSSC assembly. The extract showed a linear rise in power output (078±0.0001 - 20.75±0.0003 mW), which proposes its scope as a stable and cheap photosensitizer in a DSSC

Identification of GLI1 and KIAA0825 Variants in Two Families with Postaxial Polydactyly

Polydactyly is a rare autosomal dominant or recessive appendicular patterning defect of the hands and feet, phenotypically characterized by the duplication of digits. Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is the most common form and includes two main types: PAP type A (PAPA) and PAP type B (PAPB). Type A involves a well-established extra digit articulated with the fifth or sixth metacarpal, while type B presents a rudimentary or poorly developed superfluous digit. Pathogenic variants in several genes have been identified in isolated and syndromic forms of polydactyly. The current study presents two Pakistani families with autosomal recessive PAPA with intra- and inter-familial phenotype variability. Whole-exome sequencing and Sanger analysis revealed a novel missense variant in KIAA0825 (c.3572C>T: p.Pro1191Leu) in family A and a known nonsense variant in GLI1 (c.337C>T: p.Arg113*) in family B. In silico studies of mutant KIAA0825 and GLI1 proteins revealed considerable structural and interactional modifications that suggest an abnormal function of the proteins leading to the disease phenotype. The present study broadens the mutational spectrum of KIAA0825 and demonstrates the second case of a previously identified GLI1 variant with variable phenotypes. These findings facilitate genetic counseling in Pakistani families with a polydactyly-related phenotype

Localization of the motor neuron somata of geniohyoid muscle in rat: A horseradish peroxidase study

Aimi Nadia Binti Razlan1 | Muzammil Ullah1 | Marina Yurievna Kapitonova2 | Norhayati Binti Liaqat Ali Khan1 | Syed Baharom Syed Ahmad Fuad

A novel deletion mutation in the TUSC3 gene in a consanguineous Pakistani family with autosomal recessive nonsyndromic intellectual disability

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Intellectual disability (ID) is a serious disorder of the central nervous system with a prevalence of 1-3% in a general population. In the past decades, the research focus has been predominantly on X-linked ID (68 loci and 19 genes for non syndromic X linked ID) while for autosomal recessive nonsyndromic ID (NSID) only 30 loci and 6 genes have been reported to date.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Genome-wide homozygosity mapping with 500 K Nsp1 array (Affymetrix), CNV analysis, PCR based breakpoint mapping and DNA sequencing was performed to explore the genetic basis of autosomal recessive nonsyndromic ID in a large Pakistani family.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Data analysis showed linkage at 8p23 locus with common homozygous region between SNPs rs6989820 and rs2237834, spanning a region of 12.494 Mb. The subsequent CNV analysis of the data revealed a homozygous deletion of 170.673 Kb which encompassed the <it>TUSC3 </it>gene.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We report a novel deletion mutation in <it>TUSC3 </it>gene which is the second gene after <it>TRAPPC9 </it>in which mutation has been identified in more than one family with autosomal recessive NSID. The study will aid in exploring the molecular pathway of cognition.</p

Homozygosity mapping identified a novel protein truncating mutation (p.Ser100Leufs*24) of the BBS9 gene in a consanguineous Pakistani family with Bardet Biedl syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Bardet Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a rare condition of multi-organ dysfunction with characteristic clinical features of retinal degeneration, truncal obesity, postaxial polydactyly, genital anomaly, intellectual disability and renal dysfunction. It is a hetero-genetic disorder and nineteen BBS genes have been discovered so far. METHODS: Whole genome SNP genotyping was performed by using CytoScan® 750 K array (Affymetrix). Subsequently, the segregation of the disease locus in the whole family was carried out by genotyping STS markers within the homozygous interval. Finally, the mutation analysis was performed by Sanger DNA sequencing. RESULTS: In the present molecular study a consanguineous Pakistani family, with autosomal recessive BBS, was analyzed. The clinical analysis of affected individuals presented with synpolydactyly, obesity, intellectual disability, renal abnormality and retinitis pigmentosa. The presented phenotype was consistent with the major features of BBS syndrome. Homozygosity mapping identified a common homozygous interval within the known BBS9 locus. Sequence analysis of BBS9/PTHB1 gene revealed a single base deletion of c.299delC (p.Ser100Leufs*24) in exon 4. This frame-shift mutation presumably leads to a 122 amino acid truncated protein with complete loss of its C-terminal PTHB1 domain in combination with a partial loss of the N-terminal PTHB1 domain as well. BBS9/PTHB1 gene mutations have been shown to be associated with BBS syndrome and to the best of our knowledge this study reports the first Pakistani family linked to the BBS9 gene. CONCLUSION: Our molecular findings expand the mutational spectrum of BBS9 gene and also explain the genetic heterogeneity of Pakistan families with BBS syndrome. The growing number of mutations in BBS genes in combination with a detailed phenotypical description of patients will be helpful for genotype-phenotype correlation, targeted genetic diagnosis, prenatal screening and carrier testing of familial and non-familial BBS patients

Forage productivity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] cultivars improves by optimization of spatial arrangements

Sustainable production of quality forages in sufficient quantities constitutes one of the biggest challenges for profitable dairy farming. Forage legumes including cowpea offer a feasible solution to meet this task but planting geometry for spreading and erect types of varieties needs to be optimized. Two cowpea varieties (P-518 and Rawan-2003) were sown to different row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm), while broadcasted crops were kept for comparison. Factorial arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) was employed to carry out the field trial with four replicates. Dry matter biomass, quality variables, net income and benefit-cost ratio were taken as experimental variables. Rawan-2003 (spreading type) sown at 45 cm spaced rows gave significantly (P≤0.01) higher dry matter biomass (8.26 and 9.03 t ha-1 in 2013 and 2014, respectively) along with significantly (P≤0.05) improved forage quality (especially higher crude protein and lower crude fiber contents). The same variety and spatial arrangement resulted in the highest net income and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) (4.66 and 4.85 in 2013 and 2014 respectively). P-518 (erect type) gave better results with closer inter-row spacing (30 cm spaced rows), while broadcasting of both cowpea varieties proved to be inferior to all other spatial arrangements

Technical Efficiency Determinants of Islamic Banks: How Do Countries Differ

Purpose: This paper analyzes the determinants of technical efficiency of Islamic banks in eight of the Islamic countries. These include Brunei Darussalam, Jordan, Indonesia, Pakistan, Malaysia, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. Design/Methodology/Approach: A quarterly panel data on eight Islamic countries’ banks during the period of 2014 to 2019 is used for the analysis. &nbsp; Findings: The overall outcomes of the study indicate that banks in KSA, UAE, and Malaysia are found to be more efficient than their counterparts in other five countries in the sample. Banks from KSA and UAE have the same average technical efficiency scores while banks in Malaysia and Jordan tend to share similar average technical efficiency scores. Findings of the study reveal that variables like bank size, return on equity, and liquid asset ratio have a positive and significant bearing while factors like GDP growth rate, Z-score, and capital adequacy ratio have a negative and significant impact on technical efficiency of Islamic banks. Implications/Originality/Value: The study puts forward some useful policy implications both for managers of banks and policymakers of countries in the sample

A Systematic Literature Review on Using Machine Learning Algorithms for Software Requirements Identification on Stack Overflow

Context. The improvements made in the last couple of decades in the requirements engineering (RE) processes and methods have witnessed a rapid rise in effectively using diverse machine learning (ML) techniques to resolve several multifaceted RE issues. One such challenging issue is the effective identification and classification of the software requirements on Stack Overflow (SO) for building quality systems. The appropriateness of ML-based techniques to tackle this issue has revealed quite substantial results, much effective than those produced by the usual available natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Nonetheless, a complete, systematic, and detailed comprehension of these ML based techniques is considerably scarce. Objective. To identify or recognize and classify the kinds of ML algorithms used for software requirements identification primarily on SO. Method. This paper reports a systematic literature review (SLR) collecting empirical evidence published up to May 2020. Results. This SLR study found 2,484 published papers related to RE and SO. The data extraction process of the SLR showed that (1) Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling is among the widely used ML algorithm in the selected studies and (2) precision and recall are amongst the most commonly utilized evaluation methods for measuring the performance of these ML algorithms. Conclusion. Our SLR study revealed that while ML algorithms have phenomenal capabilities of identifying the software requirements on SO, they still are confronted with various open problems/issues that will eventually limit their practical applications and performances. Our SLR study calls for the need of close collaboration venture between the RE and ML communities/researchers to handle the open issues confronted in the development of some real world machine learning-based quality systems