Neural network modelling of rainfall interception in four different forest stands

The objective of this study is to reveal whether it is possible to predict rainfall, through fall and stem flow in forest ecosystems with less effort, using several measurements of rainfall interception (hereafter ‘interception’) and an artificial neural network based linear regression model (ANN model). To this end, the Kerpe Research Forest in the province of Kocaeli, which houses stands of mixed deciduous-broadleaf forest (Castanea sativa Mill., Fagusorientalis Lipsky, Quercus spp.), black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold), maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) and Monterey pine (Pinus radiata D. Don), was selected study site. Four different forest stands were observed for a period of two years, during which rainfall, throughfall and stemflow measurements were conducted. These measurements were separately calculated for each individual stand, based on interception values and the use of stemflow data in strict accordance with the rainfall data, and the measured throughfall interceptionvalues were compared with values estimated by the ANN model.In this comparison, 70% of the total data was used for testing, and 30% was used for estimation and performance evaluation. No significant differences were found between values predicted with the help of the model and the measured values. In other words, interception values predicted by the ANN models were parallel with the measured values. In this study, the most success was achieved with the models of the Monterey pine stand (r2 = 0.9968; Mean Squared Error MSE = 0.16) and the mixed deciduous forest stand (r2 = 0.9964; MSE = 0.08), followed by models of the maritime pine stand (r2 = 0.9405; MSE = 1.27) and the black pine stand (r2 = 0.843, MSE = 17.36)

First record of brown comber Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) for the Black Sea

One female specimen of Serranus hepatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Perciformes, Serranidae) was captured off the Black Sea coast of Turkey by bottom trawl at a depth of 80–90 m on 23 March 2012. This is the first record of this species for the Black Sea

Konjuge sistemlerin mangan (III) asetat ve seryum amonyum nitrat varlığında 1,3-diketonlar ile oksidasyon reaksiyonları

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Konjuge trien sistemi olan sikloheptatrien mangan(III)asetat ve SeryumAmonyum(IV)Nitrat(CAN) varlığında 1,3-diketonlarla kenetlenme reaksiyonlarıincelendi. Diğer taraftan mangan(III)asetat ile birlikte çeşitli metal tuzlarıkullanılarak bunların ürün dağılımına etkisi incelendi.İlave olarak, antrasen, 9-metilantrasen ve 9-fenilantrasen bileşiklerinin metilmalonatile oksidatif radikalik reaksiyonları mangan(III)asetat ve seryum amonyum(IV)nitratvarlığında incelendi. CAN ile antrakinon ve bisantron elde edilirken mangan reaktifiile ise genelde 9,10-dihidroantrasen ve 9,10-substitüe antrasen bileşikleri elde edildi.Elde edilen ürünlerin yapıları NMR, X- ışınları ve kütle spektrometresi ileaydınlatıldı.Coupling reactions of cycloheptatriene which has conjugated triene system wereinvestigated with 1,3-diketones in the presence Mn(OAc)3 and cerium ammoniumnitrate (CAN). 1,3-Diketones and Mn(OAc)3 or cerium ammonium nitrate werereacted with cycloheptatrienes having electron withdrawing and electron releasingsubstituents in the presence of different salts.In addition, oxidative radicalic reaction of anthracene, 9-methylanthracene and 9-phenylanthracene were investigated with methylmalonate in the presence of ceriumammonium nitrate and Mn(OAc)3. Mostly, anthraquinone derivatives and bianthronewere obtained. The reactions were carried out in dichloromethane and methanol. Thestructures of products were determined by NMR spectroscopyy

From Conventional Methods to Contemporary Neural Network Approaches:Financial Fraud Detection

This chapter provides insights on the underlying reasons to replace the conventional methods with contemporary approaches—the neural network-based machine learning methods—in financial fraud detection. To do this, we perform a systematic literature review on the evolution of financial fraud detection literature over the years from traditional techniques toward more advanced approaches such as modern machine learning methods like artificial neural networks. Additionally, this chapter provides concise chronological progress of the fraud literature and country-specific fraud-related regulations to draw a better framework and give the idea behind the corpus. Using the metadata in the existing literature, we show both benefits and costs of using machine learning-based methods in financial fraud detection. An accurate prediction using contemporary approaches is essential to minimize the potential costs of fraudulent financial activities for stakeholders, reduce the adverse effects of fraudsters’ and companies’ fraudulent activities, and increase trust in capital markets via continuous fraud risk assessment of companies

Analysis of the discontinuous PWM controlled D-STATCOM for reactive power compensation applications

U ovom se radu opisuju istraživanja diskontinuirane PWM (DPWM) kontrole Distribucijskog Statičkog Sinkroniziranog Kompenzatora (D-STATCOM). Različite su se DPWM metode uveliko koristile u pogonskom sistemu motora za kontrolu invertora i smanjenje gubitaka energije. S povećanim potrebama za energijom, energetska učinkovitost postala je pitanje od osnovne važnosti. Rezultat toga je sve češća upotreba D-STATCOM-a u distribucijskim sustavima. U ovom su radu DPWM metode primijenjene za unutarnju kontrolu D-STATCOM-a. Za vanjsku je kontrolu korištena kontrola faznog ugla te su PWM metode prilagođene tom kontrolnom algoritmu. Uz to, na D-STATCOM primijenjene su uobičajene kontinuirane PWM (CPWM) metode u svrhu komparacije. Sve su simulacije provedene u okruženju MATLAB-Simulink softvera. Gubitci snage značajno utječu na D-STATCOM te je stoga razvijen simulacijski model za izračunavanje gubitaka provođenja i prekidanja u svrhu ispitivanja učinkovitosti DPWM metoda u reduciranju gubitaka snage D-STATCOM-a. Rezultati su pokazali da je primjena raznih DPWM metoda na D-STATCOM-u prikladna za indekse visoke modulacije. To jasno pokazuje da se, u skladu s različitim DPWM metodama, može postići smanjenje gubitaka od 14 % do 50 % pri uključivanju/isključivanju D-STATCOMa. Nadalje, u ovom se radu predlažu primjene metoda CPWM i DPWM kod niskih i visokih indeksa modulacije, prema potrebama distribucijskog sustava.The scope of this paper covers the investigations of discontinuous PWM (DPWM) control of the Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM). Various DPWM methods have been widely used in motor drives for controlling the inverter and reducing power losses. With the rising demand for energy, energy efficiency has currently become an issue of vital importance. As a result, the use of the D-STATCOM in distribution systems is becoming increasingly common. In this study, DPWM methods were used for the D-STATCOM inner control. For the outer control, phase angle control was used and PWM methods were adapted to this control algorithm. In addition, conventional continuous PWM (CPWM) methods were applied to the D-STATCOM for comparison purposes. All simulations were performed in the MATLAB-Simulink software environment. Power losses have a significant impact on the D-STATCOM; therefore, a simulation model was developed to calculate the conduction and switching losses in order to investigate the effectiveness of DPWM methods in reducing the D-STATCOM power losses. Results showed that the utilization of different DPWM methods in the D-STATCOM was suitable for high modulation indexes. This clearly illustrates that, according to different DPWM methods, a reduction of from 14 % up to 50 % in D-STATCOM switching losses can be achieved. Furthermore, this study proposes the use of CPWM and DPWM methods in low and high modulation indexes, respectively, according to the requirements of the distribution system

Analysis of the discontinuous PWM controlled D-STATCOM for reactive power compensation applications

U ovom se radu opisuju istraživanja diskontinuirane PWM (DPWM) kontrole Distribucijskog Statičkog Sinkroniziranog Kompenzatora (D-STATCOM). Različite su se DPWM metode uveliko koristile u pogonskom sistemu motora za kontrolu invertora i smanjenje gubitaka energije. S povećanim potrebama za energijom, energetska učinkovitost postala je pitanje od osnovne važnosti. Rezultat toga je sve češća upotreba D-STATCOM-a u distribucijskim sustavima. U ovom su radu DPWM metode primijenjene za unutarnju kontrolu D-STATCOM-a. Za vanjsku je kontrolu korištena kontrola faznog ugla te su PWM metode prilagođene tom kontrolnom algoritmu. Uz to, na D-STATCOM primijenjene su uobičajene kontinuirane PWM (CPWM) metode u svrhu komparacije. Sve su simulacije provedene u okruženju MATLAB-Simulink softvera. Gubitci snage značajno utječu na D-STATCOM te je stoga razvijen simulacijski model za izračunavanje gubitaka provođenja i prekidanja u svrhu ispitivanja učinkovitosti DPWM metoda u reduciranju gubitaka snage D-STATCOM-a. Rezultati su pokazali da je primjena raznih DPWM metoda na D-STATCOM-u prikladna za indekse visoke modulacije. To jasno pokazuje da se, u skladu s različitim DPWM metodama, može postići smanjenje gubitaka od 14 % do 50 % pri uključivanju/isključivanju D-STATCOMa. Nadalje, u ovom se radu predlažu primjene metoda CPWM i DPWM kod niskih i visokih indeksa modulacije, prema potrebama distribucijskog sustava.The scope of this paper covers the investigations of discontinuous PWM (DPWM) control of the Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM). Various DPWM methods have been widely used in motor drives for controlling the inverter and reducing power losses. With the rising demand for energy, energy efficiency has currently become an issue of vital importance. As a result, the use of the D-STATCOM in distribution systems is becoming increasingly common. In this study, DPWM methods were used for the D-STATCOM inner control. For the outer control, phase angle control was used and PWM methods were adapted to this control algorithm. In addition, conventional continuous PWM (CPWM) methods were applied to the D-STATCOM for comparison purposes. All simulations were performed in the MATLAB-Simulink software environment. Power losses have a significant impact on the D-STATCOM; therefore, a simulation model was developed to calculate the conduction and switching losses in order to investigate the effectiveness of DPWM methods in reducing the D-STATCOM power losses. Results showed that the utilization of different DPWM methods in the D-STATCOM was suitable for high modulation indexes. This clearly illustrates that, according to different DPWM methods, a reduction of from 14 % up to 50 % in D-STATCOM switching losses can be achieved. Furthermore, this study proposes the use of CPWM and DPWM methods in low and high modulation indexes, respectively, according to the requirements of the distribution system

Classroom teacher candidates' views on education for sustainable development

Bu çalışma sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının sürdürülebilir kalkınma için eğitim hakkındaki düşüncelerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak, amaçlı örnekleme tekniklerinden uygun örnekleme tercih edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmanın örneklemini 30 sınıf öğretmeni adayı oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan fenomenoloji yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel yöntemlerde veri toplama tekniği olarak kullanılan görüşmeler ile veriler toplanmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan ve uzman görüşlerine göre son şekli verilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen nitel veriler içerik analiz yöntemine göre betimlenmiştir. Sınıf öğretmen adaylarının genel anlamda sürdürülebilir kalkınma için eğitim ile ilgili olumlu düşüncelere sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan sınıf öğretmeni adayların, sürdürülebilir kalkınma için eğitimin okul öncesi dönemden itibaren verilmesi gerektiğini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca, çalışmaya katılan öğretmen adayları tarafından sürdürülebilir kalkınma için eğitim de en etkili yöntemin okul dışı gezi programı olacağı ifade edilmiştir. Geri kalan katılımcıların bir kısmı drama bir kısmı da konuyla ilgili videolar izlettirmenin etkili yöntemler olabileceğini ifade etmişlerdir.The aim of the present study was to determine the views of classroom teacher candidates on education for sustainable development. In this research, phenomenology has been used as a qualitative research approach. For the purpose of this study, appropriate sampling was preferred from the purposeful sampling techniques. The study group included 30 classroom teacher candidates'. In the present study, data were gathered by interview technique. The semi-structured interview form developed by the researchers was used as data collection tool and the obtained data was described using the content analysis technique. It was determined that classroom teacher candidates had positive views on education for sustainable development in general. Teacher candidates stated that education for sustainable development should be given from the pre-school period. In addition, teacher candidates participating in the research have been stated to be the most effective method of out-of-school trips. Some of the remaining participants expressed that drama might be effective methods of watching related videos

The effects of desert dust storms, air pollution, and temperature on morbidity due to spontaneous abortions and toxemia of pregnancy: 5-year analysis

Epidemiological studies have suggested an association between particulate air pollution, increased temperatures, and morbidity related to pregnancy outcomes. However, the roles of desert dust storms and climatological factors have not been fully addressed. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the association between desert dust storms, particulate matter with a diameter <= 10 mu m (PM10), daily temperatures, and toxemia of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion in Gaziantep, South East Turkey. The study was conducted retrospectively at emergency department of two hospitals in Gaziantep city. Data from January 1, 2009, to March 31, 2014, were collected. Patients, who were diagnosed with toxemia of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion by radiological imaging modalities, were included in the study. Daily temperature ranges, mean temperature values, humidity, pressure, wind speed, daily PM10 levels, and records of dust storms were collected. A generalized additive regression model was designed to assess variable effects on toxemia of pregnancy and spontaneous abortion, while adjusting for possible confounding factors. Our findings demonstrated that presence of dust storms was positively associated with the toxemia of pregnancy both in outpatient admissions (OR=1.543 95% CI=1.186-2.009) and inpatient hospitalizations (OR=1.534; 95% CI=1.162-2.027). However, neither PM10 nor maximum temperature showed a marked association with spontaneous abortion or toxemia of pregnancy in our study population. Our findings suggest that desert dust storms may have an impact on the risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes such as toxemia of pregnancy. Health authorities should take necessary measures to protect pregnant women against detrimental effects of these storms

Matrix metalloproteinase-9, neuron-specific enolase, S100 B and tau protein levels in the patients with carbon monoxide poisoning

Background: S100B, NSE, MMP-9, and Tau protein levels increase in cases causing hypoxic cell damage. The diagnosis of the severity of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning in the early period of these parameters was studied. Material and Methods: COHb level measurement was made using a signal capture CO-pulse oximeter (Masimo's SET Rainbow, Masimo's Co, USA) at the first admission of the patients. Then, COHb levels were confirmed by arterial blood gas(ABG) analysis. The patients were divided into two groups as mild and moderate-severe, according to their Glasgow coma scores (GCS) [Mild (14–15); Moderate (9–13) or Severe (3–8)]. The control group was composed of 16 healthy and non-smoking volunteers. Results: The serum S100B protein and MMP-9 values at 0 hr of admission in the hospital and 3hr of treatment were not significantly different in the patient group as compared to the control group. Tau protein levels were significantly higher in the patient group at 0 and 3 hours (p> 0.05) as compared to healthy person. Conclusion: There was no relationship between CO poisoning and MMP-9 and S100B protein levels. NSE and Tau protein were significantly higher in the patient group than the control group. Tau protein may be more useful marker as compared to neuron-specific enolase.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Uni

Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity evaluation and physicochemical properties of some novel N4-substituted aminobenzenesulfonamides

888-900Several N4-substituted aminobenzenesulfonamides derivatives have been synthesized and structural analyses have been carried out using FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H and 13C NMR, LC-MS-MS and elemental analyses. Photoluminescence and physicochemical properties have also been conducted. Two 4-aminobenzenesulfonamides have been treated with 2-bromopropionyl bromide in pyridine to give their respective bromo substituted aminobenzenesulfonamides as intermediates. Subsequent reactions with morpholino-, thiomorpholino- and piperazine amines have yielded novel aminobenzenesulfonamide derivatives. As it is well known that CA IX and CA XII enzymes play an active role in attacking various cancerous conditions, studies presented in this study target these enzymes with in vitro cytotoxicity studies being performed on the compounds synthesized. The target compounds have been found to be active against some cancerous cells, with mimimal effects on normal cells. The physicochemical data reveal interesting synergistic effects controlling cytotoxicities, where the lipophilicity and polarity combinations play important roles on the eventual observed cytotoxicities. Further, the electronegativity and availability of the electrons of the heteroatoms of the synthesized compounds appear to have an effect on cancer cell cytotoxicities