Does Dietary Treatment Cause Obesity In Phenylketonuria? Comparison Of Obesity Ratios Of Patients Receiving Dietary Treatment And Tetrahydrobiopterin Treatment

Phenylketonuria is treated by either with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) or with phenylalanine-restricted diet. Patients on diet group may have a tendency of consume carbohydrate-rich foods and henceforth a risk of developing obesity. In this study, the prevalence of obesity+overweight among phenylketonuria patients either treated with phenylalanine-restricted diet or with BH4 are compared. Patients with phenylketonuria were divided into two groups as on dietary treatment and on BH4 treatment. Body mass index (BMI), BMI-percentile and z-score values of patients were calculated and classified as malnutrition, normal-weight, overweight and obese according to their nutritional status. The annual mean phenylalanine level of each patient is also evaluated. The study was done retrospectively.Total of 130 patients were included. 77 were receiving diet (female (n,%):37, 48.1%; male (n,%):40, 51.9%) and 53 were receiving BH4 (female(n,%):33, 62.3%; male(n,%):20, 37.7%) respectively. According to BMI-z-score, 35.1% were obese+overweight in the diet group vs. 16.9% in the BH4 group. The percentage was significantly higher in the diet group (p = 0.02). Obesity+overweight percentages in female/male patient groups showed no significant difference. Considering the correlation between obesity+overweight and age in the BH4 group, the median age of the patients with normal weight+malnutrition were found as 46-months, and that of obese+overweight patients were 137-months (p=0,001). For the same correlation, there was no significant difference in the dietary treatment group (p = 0.92). Mean annual phenylalanine levels were significantly higher in obese+overweight patients (p=0.047) in the BH4 treatment group but this difference was not significant in the diet group (p=0.051). Patients on phenylalanine-restricted diet have a risk of obesity or overweight. Therefore, attention should be paid not only to the phenylalanine levels of these patients, but also to their weight control and dietary content

Impact of lake level change on deep-water renewal and oxic conditions in deep saline Lake Van, Turkey

Changes in the hydrological regime of the saline closed basin Lake Van, a large, deep lake in eastern Turkey, resulted in a lake level increase by about 2 m between 1988 and 1995, followed by a 1.5 m decrease until 2003 and a relatively constant lake level thereafter. Based on measurements of transient tracers (sulfur hexafluoride, CFC-12, 3H, 3He, 4He, Ne), dissolved oxygen, light transmission, conductivity-temperature-depth profiles, and thermistor data, we investigate the implications associated with lake level fluctuations for deep-water renewal and oxygenation. Our data suggest that deep-water renewal was significantly reduced in Lake Van between 1990 and 2005. This change in mixing conditions resulted in the formation of a more than 100 m thick anoxic deep-water body below 325 m depth. Apparently, the freshwater inflows responsible for the lake level rise between 1988 and 1995 decreased the salinity of the surface water sufficiently that the generation of density plumes during winter cooling was substantially reduced compared to that in the years before the lake level rise. Significant renewal and oxygenation of the deep water did not occur until at least 2005, although by 2003 the lake level was back to almost the same level as in 1988. This study suggests that short-term changes in the hydrological regime, resulting in lake level changes of a couple of meters, can lead to significant and long-lasting changes in deep-water renewal and oxic conditions in deep saline lakes

Outcomes of high-risk breast lesions diagnosed using image-guided core needle biopsy: results from a multicenter retrospective study

PURPOSEThe clinical management of high-risk lesions using image-guided biopsy is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the rates at which such lesions were upgraded to malignancy and identify possible predictive factors for upgrading high-risk lesions.METHODSThis retrospective multicenter analysis included 1.343 patients diagnosed with high-risk lesions using an image-guided core needle or vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB). Only patients managed using an excisional biopsy or with at least one year of documented radiological follow-up were included. For each, the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category, number of samples, needle thickness, and lesion size were correlated with malignancy upgrade rates in different histologic subtypes. Pearson’s chi-squared test, the Fisher–Freeman–Halton test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for the statistical analyses.RESULTSThe overall upgrade rate was 20.6%, with the highest rates in the subtypes of intraductal papilloma (IP) with atypia (44.7%; 55/123), followed by atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) (38.4%; 144/375), lobular neoplasia (LN) (12.7%; 7/55), papilloma without atypia (9.4%; 58/611), flat epithelial atypia (FEA) (8.7%; 10/114), and radial scars (RSs) (4.6%; 3/65). There was a significant relationship between the upgrade rate and BI-RADS category, number of samples, and lesion size Lesion size was the most predictive factor for an upgrade in all subtypes.CONCLUSIONADH and atypical IP showed considerable upgrade rates to malignancy, requiring surgical excision. The LN, IP without atypia, pure FEA, and RS subtypes showed lower malignancy rates when the BI-RADS category was lower and in smaller lesions that had been adequately sampled using VAB. After being discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting, these cases could be managed with follow-up instead of excision

A Research on the Level of Block Chain Awareness of Port Managers

Blockchain is an emerging technology that is considered by many to be a disruptive coretechnology. In this study, an evaluation was made on the use and awareness of the blockchain inport logistics in our country. A semi-structured interview technique was used to interview with themanagers of the ports in different geographic areas of Turkey. In the qualitative research, theblockchain awareness level of eighteen port managers was determined. The participants ofinterview had received seven different questions by online and/or face to face. Some implicationshave been made on the use of blockchain in port logistics. When the answers reviewed, it has seenthat the usage areas of the blockchain awareness is relatively high and especially been associatedwith financial transactions. At the same time, there has been no consensus observed on whetherusage of this technology is beneficial. It is expected that this study will benefit researchers whowant to study the use of blockchain in maritime and port logistics in the future.&nbsp;</p

Buckling Analysis of Non-Local Timoshenko Beams by Using Fourier Series

In this study, buckling analysis of a nano sized beam has been performed by using Timoshenko beam theory and Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. Timoshenko beam theory takes into account not only bending moment but also shear force. Therefore, it gives more accurate outcomes than Euler Bernoulli beam theory. Moreover, Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory takes into account the small scale effect. Thus, these two theories are utilized in this study. The vertical displacement function is chosen as a Fourier sine series. Similarly, the rotation function is chosen as a Fourier cosine series. These functions are enforced by Stokes’ transformation, and higher order derivatives of them are obtained. These derivatives are written in the governing equations for the buckling of nonlocal Timoshenko beams. Hence Fourier coefficients are acquired. Subsequently boundary condition of established beam model is identified with Timoshenko beam and Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theories, and the linear equations are obtained. A coefficients matrix is created by utilizing these linear systems of equations. When determinant of this coefficient matrix is calculated, the critical buckling loads are acquired. Finally, achieved outcomes are compared with other studies in the literature. Calculated results are also presented in a series of figures and table

Determined of some physical properties of sage seed (Salvia virgata Jacq.)

Ada çayı (Salvia virgata Jacg.); yılancık ismi ile bilinen, halk arasında yara iyileştirici olarak kullanılan ve ülkemizde doğal olarak yayılış gösteren ada çayı türlerinden biridir. Bu çalışma ile Tokat ili Artova ilçesi’nden toplanan Salvia virgata Jacq. tohumlarının bazı fiziksel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında tohumların nem içerikleri, ortalama geometrik çap, birim ağırlık, küresellik, bin dane ağırlığı, yığın hacim ağırlığı, yüzey alanı ve doğal yığılma açısı değerleri belirlenmiştir. Buna göre kuru bazdaki nem içeriği ortalama % 6.41, bin dane ağırlığı 1.58 g, dane ağırlığı 0.0034 g’dır. Ortalama tohum uzunluğu, genişliği ve kalınlığı sırasıyla 2.39, 1.61, 1.31 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Tohumların ortalama geometrik çapı, küreselliği ve yüzey alanı 1.71 mm, %72.03 ve 10.97 mm2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte ortalama hacim ağırlığı 352.33 kg m-3 ve ortalama doğal yığılma açısı 9.720 olarak saptanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre tohumlar için makine ve ekipmanların tasarlanmasında farklı nem içeriklerine sahip tohum fiziksel ve mekanik özelliklerinin de dikkate alınmasının yararlı olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.Sage (Salvia virgata Jacq.); known by the name of erysipelas, which is used as wound healing between the people and our country is a plant which spreads naturally. In this study, the district of Tokat province Artova collected seeds of Salvia virgata Jacq. aimed to determine some physical properties. Working under the seed moisture content, mean geometric diameter, unit weight, sphericity, thousand grain weight stack, weight, surface areas, and angle of repose values were determined. Accordingly, the moisture content of 6.41 % on a dry basis, thousand grain weight 1.58 g, grain weight of 0.0034 g, the average seed length, width and thickness, respectively, 2.39, 1.61 and 1.31 mm as determined. The seeds of geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area 1.71 mm, was determined as 72.03 % and 10.97 mm2 . However, the mean bulk density of 352.33 kg m-3 and the average angle of repose was found to be 9.720 . Furthermore studies based on the results obtained with different moisture content for the develop of machinery and equipment for seed grain was concluded to be useful to take into account the physical and mechanical properties