Convergence Analysis of A- Stable Implicit Runge- Kutta Methods of Reformulated Block Hybrid Multistep Methods

A number of techniques and solvers have been suggested, developed, and described, but a clear definition of stiffness has not been provided. In this paper, an analysis of the A-stable implicit Runge-Kutta methods is undertaken using stability function and the region of absolute stability, which shows region of each of the methods. Also to compare various stiff solvers based on their region of absolute stability. It helps a stiff ordinary differential equation solver, to identify appropriate numerical methods with unbounded region of absolute, appropriate for stiff problems solving

Dynamic Response of a Single Pile Embedded in Sand Including the Effect of Resonance

In this paper, responses of a single pile embedded in sand soil (loose and dense) under dynamic loading (sinusoidal dynamic vibrations of 0.1 g to 0.5 g) have been investigated by two-dimensional analysis using the finite element method (FEM). Viscous (dashpot) boundaries have been used for taking the boundary effects of far-field into account. The applicability and accuracy of site responses of two-dimensional analysis due to the FEM modelling have been well verified with one-dimensional site responses. The results indicate that the relative density of sand (loose, dense) becomes prominent for the displacements of the pile, specifically under the frequency effects of resonance. While the pile in loose sand causes the displacements of 0.1 m to 0.5 m, the pile in dense sand leads to the displacements of 0.05 m to 0.25 m, proportionally with the dynamic loads from 0.1 g to 0.5 g. Moreover, the displacements reach their peak value at the frequency ratio of the resonance case. Viscous boundaries are found sufficient for modelling excessive displacements due to dynamic loading. However, the displacements reveal that high vibrations (> 0.1 g for loose sand, > 0.2 g for dense sand) influencing the pile deformations are critical for the issues of settlements. This is more significant for the resonance case in order for ensuring sufficient design. Consequently, the findings from the study are promising good contributions for pile design under the dynamic effect

The Reality of Using of Primary School Teachers to Alternative Assessment Strategies and its Tools in Public Education Schools in the City of Hail in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The aims of the study is to reveal the reality of the primary grade teachers` use for alternative assessment strategies and tools in public education schools in Hail city, kSA. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the authors used the descriptive survey approach, through preparing a tool to collect the research data, which represented in the questionnaire its final form of (56) sub-paragraphs, distributed on two main axes, the axis of alternative assessment strategies, the axis of alternative evaluation tools. The questionnaire was applied to a sample of (307) teachers of the primary grades in the public education schools in Hail city. After processing the data statistically, the results showed that, the degree of use of alternative assessment strategies and tools by primary school teachers came with a (high) degree of use. The results also showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the primary grade teacher’s levels of use for alternative assessment strategies and tools due to the years of experience variable. In addition there were statistically significant differences in the levels of use of primary grade teachers for alternative assessment strategies and tools attributed to the variables (academic qualification and training courses). In light of the results of the research, a set of recommendations were developed. &nbsp

Clinical Efficacy and Safety Profile of Prucalopride in Chronic Idiopathic Constipation

Chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC) can be defined as bowel movements that are difficult to pass, are not occurring frequently, or have incomplete evacuation during defecation. A high-fiber diet and laxatives are the commonly used treatments, but in many cases, they do not produce satisfactory results. The first line of treatment is osmotic laxatives. If there is no improvement, the second line is guanylate cyclase-C (GCC) agonists like linaclotide or prokinetic agents such as prucalopride. On December 14, 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) approved prucalopride for treating chronic idiopathic constipation. Prucalopride is a prokinetic agent which works at the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4) as an agonist with greater receptor selectivity. Patients on prucalopride reported improved symptoms, quality of life and satisfaction. The most frequent adverse events were headaches and problems related to the gastrointestinal tract. Caution should be taken when using prucalopride in patients with impaired liver and renal function. In Canada, prucalopride has been approved for treatment of female patients with chronic idiopathic constipation who have failed therapy with at least two laxatives from different classes over a six-month period.Open access journalThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Retrospectively Analysis of Clinical/Pathological and Prognostic Features of Subtypes of Breast Cancer

DergiPark: 379007tmsjAims: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among all women across the world, with an incidence of 25.2%. Of all the cancer cases, breast cancer comes second in line after lung cancer. By 6.4% it marks fifth place as the reason for cancer-related-deaths. Therefore new studies on breast cancer are required. We aimed to retrospectively analyze clinical, pathological and prognostic features of cases that were divided into four subgroups based on their hormone receptor and HER-2 conditions. Method: Records of GATA-Oncology Clinic patients who have been diagnosed with breast cancer within years of 2008-2014, were inspected retrospectively. Cases were divided into four subgroups based on their hormone receptor and HER-2 conditions. Missing records were primarily gathered by electronic recording system, also still-missing-information about the patients were provided via phone calls. Collected data has been evaluated with SPSS 15,0. Results: While demographics such as family history and menopausal state were not different among 4 subgroups, triple negative patients tended to have a lower body-mass index and mean age (p=009, p=0.041, respectively). Only 12 patients had advanced disease at diagnosis. A total of 168 patients received chemotherapy. Progression occurred in 41 patients (21.9%) from early phase breast cancer cases that were taken to adjuvant chemotherapy program. Family history had a significant association with recurrence in breast cancer patients (p=0.026). Menopausal state, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node state and stage were not associated with progression. Independent prognostic factors were not obtained with multivariate analysis for disease-free survival. Advanced stage breast cancer patients had a higher tendency to metastasis. Triple negative patients had more drug resistance towards systemic treatment than other subgroups (p lt;0.001). It has been found that full response to anthracycline + taxane regime was less in triple negative patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, there were some differences within our subgroups. Patients of these subgroups should be followed up and treated with different strategies. All subgroups, especially triple negative group, were in need of new effective therapy strategies

Investigation fatigue crack initiation and propagation cruciform welded joints by extended finite element method (XFEM) and implementation SED approach

This study has used the strain energy density (SED) approach to evaluate the stress intensity factor (SIF) of cracked cruciform welded joints in Hardox 450 steel. A microstructural analysis was made of Hardox 450 steel which is composed of refined and tempered low carbon martensite. The obtained results of simulation will be compared with those provided by J-integral methode for different enriched zones and contours based on the extended finite element method (XFEM) coupled with the level set technique (LST).  Crack initiation and propagation under cyclic loading have been adopted for the modeling of cruciform welded joints

TRACE INEQUALITIES OF POSITIVE SEMIDEFINITE MATRICES

Bu çalışmada, bazı özel matris çarpımları ile ifade edilen yarı pozitif tanımlı çarpım matrislerinin izleri arasındaki eşitsizlikler incelenmiştir. Xin-Min Yang'ın makalesindeki eşitsizliklere bağlı olarak Kronecker çarpım ve toplam matrislerinin izleri arasındaki eşitsizlikler elde edilmiştir. In this paper, the trace inequalities involving special products of the positive semidefinite matrices are investigated. The trace inequalities between the Kronecker product and Kronecker sum of two matrices is obtained as in the short note Yang's inequalities

Distribution of gastric carcinoma in an area with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: South Asia is an enigma for gastric cancer (GC) because it is a low risk region with a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections. We evaluated the trend of GC clinical presentation and risk factors in patients with dyspeptic symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of patients, coded by the international classification of diseases (ICD-10-CM, 2015, Diagnosis Code C16.9) for malignancies of stomach diagnosed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and histopathology, were studied. RESULTS: 394 GC cases with a mean age of 54±15 years, range of 18 to 88, were analyzed. 256 (65%) were male. Distal non-cardiac and cardiac tumors were 302 (77%) and 92 (23%) cases, respectively. The WHO classification of GC defined 222 (56%) cases as intestinal type adenocarcinoma, 68 (17%) cases as signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC), 62 (16%) cases as diffuse type and 42 (11%) cases as B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The co-morbid conditions associated with GC were H. pylori infection (positive in 246 (62%) cases), diabetes mellitus type 2 (in 90 (23%) cases), and cigarette smoking (in 94 (24%) cases). Of the male patients, 88 (34%) (p\u3c0.001) were smokers. Body mass index was abnormal in all age groups and in both sexes. Cardiac regions for GC were more common in the 46- to 60-year old age range and in males. Diffuse GC was seen in all age groups but there were significantly more common in the 18- to 45-year old age range. Gastric non-Hodgkin\u27s lymphoma was seen at an early age of 18-45 years in 14(12%) and a later of 61-88 years in 20 (15%). CONCLUSION: Intestinal type GC is common at all ages but SRC and diffuse GC are more common in patients less than 50 years old. SRC and diffuse GC were not specific to the elderly in our study population

Impressions and attitudes of adult residents of Karachi towards a possible public health insurance scheme

Objective: To gauge the general population\u27s knowledge and attitude towards a possible public health insurance scheme.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from April to May 2015, and comprised permanent residents of the city. Convenience sampling was used. Data was collected via questionnaires. SPSS 22 was used for data analysis.Results: There were 340 participants in the study with an overall mean age of 32.9±12.4 years. Besides, 159(46.8%) participants were aware of the concept of medical insurance while the correct definition was identified by 160(50.5%) respondents. Overall, 256(75.3%) participants were willing to join a theoretical public health insurance scheme. Of all the respondents, 107(31.5%) had faced a catastrophic event in the past and consequently were more willing to join. Of those unsure or not willing to join, 33(37.9%) respondents identified lack of trust in government programmes as the main reason for their choice.CONCLUSIONS: A large majority of adults had a favourable attitude towards the implementation of a possible public health insurance scheme