Bifurcation Analysis of a Model of Cancer

In this paper, we study the bifurcation of a cancer model with completely unknown parameters. The bifurcation analysis of the biologically feasible steady-states of this model will be discussed. It is proved that the system appears to exhibit many cases of bifurcation for some ranges of system parameters. Numerical analysis and extensive numerical examples of the bifurcation for some ranges were carried out for various system parameter values and different initial densities

AN OVERVIEW OF WAQF ASSETS IN YEMEN: IMPORTANCE AND CHALLENGES

Purpose of Study: Waqf has played a significant role throughout Islamic history. This has been possible through proper management, investment and financing of various Waqf assets to enhance the socioeconomic development of Muslim societies. In particular, it has contributed significantly to the encouragement of religious practices, improvement of education, health and helping the poor and the needy, creating employment and supporting other socio-economic activities. Methodology: The current study attempted to uncover these challenges facing by Waqf institution in Yemen. Particularly, issues such as management, investment and finance will be emphasized. Results:  However, nowadays most of Waqf assets have become idle and no longer serves the needs of the Ummah due to problems, such as poor governance structure and human resource. Few studies have tried to address challenges facing Waqf but unfortunately these studies have been conducted in countries where the governance structure is robust and the quality of human resource is very good. Such models may not be suitable in contexts such as Yemen where Waqf assets are mostly in the form of physical assets such as lands and buildings and the quality of human resource and governance structure are poor

Analytical Study of The Islamic and Ancient Egyptian Influences on The Library of Alexandria

Architectural heritage is the cultural value that affects successive generations. It is the embodiment of cultural and civilizational values that reflect a certain social, economic, and political structure. It represents a true expression of the history and culture of society, and it is the material and moral link that binds contemporaries to their ancestors unless it has acquired value. Through society, this value is embodied in the relationship between man and heritage, and there must be a conscious awareness of the value of heritage leads to damage to the heritage balance and neglecting its importance. Heritage architecture expresses the level at which culture appears. It is a civilizational product through linking to concepts and cultural dimensions, where heritage architecture constitutes one of the most important pillars of the architectural and urban character in the culture of societies. The past period has witnessed several intellectual trends that have affected cultural life in general and architectural and arts in particular, Architecture was reflected in some visions of formation, schools and architectural intellectual trends, all of which came as a product of the dialogue of rooting and renewal, where each carries a different thought and attitude of heritage, the rooting represents the features of societies and their customs and traditions while renewal represents progress and development and the information revolution and technology and the accompanying material culture In the last two decades, architecture has turned to the imperative of adhering to the authentic traditions of inherited local architecture in exchange for the bias towards renewal and innovation imposed by international architecture in all its forms and innovations, and some important products have emerged to establish a contemporary architectural theory based on the revision and revival of architectural traditions and the rooting and development of heritage. A perspective drawing of the building. The Library of Alexandria is one of the most important expressive buildings that represent the direction of symbolic and moral inspiration from the structure of heritage, and this trend is based on systematic research by its various means of extrapolation, analysis, and inference, for local conditions and contemporary cultural data

Inherited values in Islamic Architecture in Egypt

The Islamic heritage is considered the stock and stock that lies within it the qualities of stability and continuity, which combines spiritual, aesthetic, and cultural values, in addition to being a true documentation of the culture of society and the unity of its intellectual curriculum through the times.And its value in the face of continuous change and successive artistic revolutions, and the concept of Islamic heritage includes two main dimensions.The intellectual concept, which is represented in the inherited concepts, ideas, beliefs, and cultural values.The material concept, which is represented in artistic production of all kinds.Therefore, the Islamic heritage is a translation of the life of society and a product of the experiences, skills innovations that society has produced through its ages.Islamic art has been creatively influenced by the arts of the civilizations that preceded it, but it excluded from them aspects that are not compatible with the Islamic faith and treated its abstract arts in accordance with the teachings, spirit, and philosophy of the Islamic religion.Thus, Islamic art was distinguished from the arts that it was influenced by, as it melted them all in its own crucible. The spirit of the East was represented in formulas with rhythm and distinct geometric and decorative formations.Although it differed in some of its details from one region to another, and this difference did not prevent the expressive unity of the Islamic faith, and all regions continued to use the same architectural elements, plastic decorations and Arabic fonts required by the plastic process as much as what is imposed by the functional aspect support the architectural produc

Small Airway Dysfunction Links Asthma Severity with Physical Activity and Symptom Control.

BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of small airway dysfunction (SAD) and its complex relation with asthma control and physical activity (PA). OBJECTIVE To investigate the interrelations among SAD, risk factors for asthma severity, symptom control, and PA. METHODS We assessed SAD by impulse oscillometry and other sophisticated lung function measures including inert gas washout in adults with asthma (mild to moderate, n = 140; severe, n = 128) and 69 healthy controls from the All Age Asthma Cohort. We evaluated SAD prevalence and its interrelation with risk factors for asthma severity (older age, obesity, and smoking), type 2 inflammation (sputum and blood eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide), systemic inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), asthma control (AC), and PA (accelerometer for 1 week). We applied a clinical model based on structural equation modeling that integrated causal pathways among these clinical variables. RESULTS The prevalence of SAD ranged from 75% to 90% in patients with severe asthma and from 53% to 64% in mild to moderate asthma. Severe SAD was associated with poor AC and low PA. Structural equation modeling indicated that age, obesity, obesity-related systemic inflammation, T2 inflammation, and smoking are independent predictors of SAD. Small airway dysfunction was the main determinant factor of AC, which in turn affected PA. Obesity affected AC directly and through its contribution to SAD and low PA. In addition, PA had bidirectional associations with obesity, SAD, and AC. Structural equation modeling also indicated interrelations among distal airflow limitation, air trapping, and ventilation heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Small airway dysfunction is a highly prevalent key feature of asthma that interrelates a spectrum of distal lung function abnormalities with risk factors for asthma severity, asthma control, and physical activity

Seasonal variability of anthropogenic indices of PAHs in sediment from the Kuala Selangor River, west coast Peninsular Malaysia

Rapid increase in industrialization and urbanization in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia has led to the intense release of petroleum and products of petroleum into the environment. Surface sediment samples were collected from the Selangor River in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia during four climatic seasons and analyzed for PAHs and biomarkers (hopanes). Sediments were soxhlet extracted and further purified and fractionated through first and second step column chromatography. A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for analysis of PAHs and hopanes fractions. The average concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 219.7 to 672.3 ng g−1 dw. The highest concentrations of PAHs were detected at 964.7 ng g−1 dw in station S5 in the mouth of the Selangor River during the wet inter-monsoonal season. Both pyrogenic and petrogenic PAHs were detected in the sediments with a predominance of the former. The composition of hopanes was homogeneous showing that petroleum hydrocarbons share an identical source in the study area. Diagnostic ratios of hopanes indicated that some of the sediment samples carry the crankcase oil signature

The involvement of antioxidant, stress, and immune-related genes in the responsive mechanisms of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to hypersalinity exposure

Salinity stress is one of the marked influencing factors on the ecophysiology of aquaculture and is considered an important reason for the retreat of the fish industry. The current study is an endeavor to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the response to salinity stress in common carp. Fish (Average weight 5 ± 2 g) were randomly distributed into two groups; the 1st is a control was exposed to tap water (0.2 ppt salinity) and the 2nd is a treated was exposed to hypersalinity (10 ppt salinity) for five days. Serum biochemical indicators including total protein, albumin, globulins, A/G ratio, blood glucose, cortisone, Na+, K+, and Cl- levels were evaluated. Besides, Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and catalase enzyme mRNA expression levels were assessed in lymphoid and immunocompetent organs (liver and spleen) and osmoregulatory organs (kidney and gills) by using Real-time qPCR. Hypersalinity adversely affected the biochemical markers; total protein, albumin, and globulins decreased significantly; however, blood glucose, serum cortisol, and sodium markedly increased in fish exposed to hypersalinity compared with the control. In addition, from the molecular point of view, all the evaluated genes were upregulated at a high expression rate in the liver compared with other studied organs after the salinity challenge. On the contrary, hypersalinity modulated the expression of immune-related genes (Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β) in the kidney and spleen and upregulated corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA in all studied organs except gills. In conclusion, the obtained data clarified the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of salinity stress on the liver, kidney, spleen, and gills. Furthermore, it strongly suggests the implication of neural, endocrine, and immune systems in the responsive mechanisms to the salinity stress in carp

Source type evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments from the Muar River and Pulau Merambong, Peninsular Malaysia

This article is the most recent report of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Muar River and Pulau Merambong, Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 16 priority pollutant PAHs in addition to methylphenanthrene among alkylated PAHs were analyzed in surface sediments during May 2013. Total PAHs ranged from 212 to 440 and 151 to 412 ng g−1 dw in sediments from the Muar River and the Pulau Merambong, respectively. The Muar River showed an increasing trend of PAH concentrations, while no previous data exist for the Pulau Merambong. Generally, mixed petrogenic and pyrogenic sources of PAHs with predominance of the latter were detected in the study area. Effective management of oil pollution has caused a drastic decrease in petrogenic sources of PAHs

Baseline distributions and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediments from the Prai and Malacca Rivers, Peninsular Malaysia

In this study, the surface sediments of the Malacca and Prai Rivers were analyzed to identify the distributions, and sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs). The total PAH concentrations varied from 716 to 1210 and 1102 to 7938 ng g−1 dw in the sediments of the Malacca and Prai Rivers, respectively. The PAH concentrations can be classified as moderate and high level of pollution in the sediments of the Malacca and Prai Rivers, respectively. The comparison of PAHs with the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) indicates that the PAHs in the sediments of the Malacca and Prai Rivers may have the potential to cause adverse toxicity effects on the sampled ecosystems. The diagnostic ratios of individual PAHs indicate both petrogenic- and pyrogenic-origin PAHs with dominance of pyrogenic source in both rivers. These findings demonstrate that the environmental regulations in Malaysia have effectively reduced the input of petrogenic petroleum hydrocarbons into rivers