Penilaian Indek Kerentanan Sosio-Ekonomi Terhadap Kenaikan Paras Laut Sepanjang Pesisir Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia

Sejak kebelakangan ini kesan kenaikan paras air laut sering dibincangkan di seluruh dunia khasnya negara-negara maritim, negara yang berada di bawah paras laut dan negara kepulauan. Kenaikan paras air laut ini mengakibatkan kemusnahan kawasan di pesisir pantai terutamanya dari segi sosio-ekonomi. Kenaikan paras air laut juga menyumbang kepada  hakisan pantai, banjir dan kemasukan air masin ke kawasan daratan. Ini mengakibatkan penduduk pesisir pantai kehilangan punca pencarian akibat dari kemusnahan ekosistem dan kerosakan harta benda. Salah satu kedah mengukur tahap kerentanan disebabkan oleh kenaikan aras laut ialah  dengan  menggunakan jangkaan kenaikan paras laut tempatan tahunan dan pelbagai pembolehubah sosio-ekonomi. Tahap kerentanan dapat memberi maklumat untuk perancangan adaptasi bagi kawasan yang dinilai. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini ialah mengenalpasti tahap indek kemusnahan dan Penilaian Indek Kerentanan sosio-ekonomi penduduk pesisir pantai. Kajian di jalankan di empat buah negeri sepanjang pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia iaitu Kelantan, Terengganu, Pahang dan Johor merangkumi 15 daerah pesisir pantai bermula dari Tumpat, Kelantan sehingga ke Kota Tinggi, Johor. Tiga parameter sosio-ekonomi diambil kira iaitu kualiti kehidupan, nilai ekonomi dan infrastruktur. Ketiga-tiga parameter ini dinilai dengan menggunakan indek kemusnahan sosial dan dipetakan menggunakan perisian ArcGIS 2010. Hasil kajian mendapati Kuantan merupakan daerah yang mempunyai indek kemusnahan paling tinggi bagi keseluruhan parameter yang diukur. Langka berjaga-jaga dan  pencegahan dari kerajaan dan bukan kerajaan perlu diambilkira  untuk mengurangkan kerentanan sosio-ekonomi akaibat dari kesan  kenaikan paras laut.  &nbsp

Quality Of Life Sustainability Using Geographic Information System (Gis): A Case Study From East-Coast Of Peninsular Malaysia

Abstract: Malaysia is a developing nation and moving forward to achieve sustainability in term of economics and social indicators. Malaysia's Quality of Life (QOL) report defines QOL as an encompassing personal advancement, a healthy lifestyle, access and freedom to pursue knowledge and attaining a standard of living. Study on QOL is gaining interest from variety of discipline and becoming an important indicator for policy evaluation, rating for places, urban planning and management. In this study GIS is employed to analyze the QOL in East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Basically, GIS is a user-friendly interface developed to enhance the presentation of the study. This study used secondary data and aims to identify the dynamic interface of QOL using GIS approach. Through this study, five components been demonstrated, namely education, health, employment, industry and transportation; and communication which attained under specific indicators in each cases. An ordinary least square, spatial autocorrelation and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was applied to explore the relationship between QOL and the independent components. The findings of this study show that, industrial, transportation and communication contributed the highest volume to QOL. Meanwhile, the employment component contributes with lover volume of scores. In general, the findings of this study clearly indicate GIS as an important and dynamic tool to analyze socioeconomic and it's able to illustrate socioeconomic sustainability with statistical values and illustrate using maps

PHYSICAL IMPACT OF SEA LEVEL RISE TO THE COASTAL ZONE ALONG THE EAST COAST OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

Sea level rise around the world caused by global warming since decade and effects on coastal especially country below mean sea level and country island. The prediction of sea level rise by 2100 is over 3m. Sea level rise increases caused by melting ice and thermal expansion. The impact of sea level rise concentrated along the coastal area. This paper studied the impact of sea level rise to physical parameters along the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Seven physical variables such as geomorphology, shoreline change rate, coastal slope, lithology, maximum wave height, mean tidal range and sea level change were chosen to find an physical vulnerability index. The index also was mapped using ArcGIS software to picture the vulnerability. The worst area for physical vulnerability index is along the Pahang coastline especially Kuantan district. The prevention and adaptation from government and nongovernment agencies should be taken to reduce the effects of sea level rise

Integrating remote sensing, GIS and in-situ data for structural mapping over a part of the NW Rif belt, Morocco

This study adopts an integrated approach using the geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing techniques for structural mapping in inaccessible zone of the internal segment of North-Western Rif belt, Morocco. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Optimal Index Factor (OIF), band ratios and directional filtering are applied to Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) image for mapping lithology and geological structures. Tectonic lineaments are extracted using the remote sensing and GIS approach and verified by in-situ data. Lithology and detailed structural features in the study area as well as the main sets of fractures trending NW–SE and E–W are identified and highlighted. The results obtained in this research demonstrate that the integration of remote sensing imagery and GIS techniques is a reliable and low-cost approach to fracture extraction and structural mapping, particularly in remote and inaccessible regions of the African plate and other analogue zones around the world

Behavioural response of the mud lobster, Thalassina anomala herbst, 1804 (Decapoda, Gebiidea), to different trapping devices

The behavioural response of the mud lobster, Thalassina anomala Herbst, 1804, to different trapping devices (TD), was studied in the mangrove areas of Sibuti, Sarawak, East Malaysia. Nine different TDs were deployed in this study. Observations revealed that there were no differences in response, neither due to the various types of mound, or as a result of the different TDs: rather, the lobsters either avoided, or obstructed those TDs. Detailed observations revealed that the mud lobsters showed skilled avoidance by either moving freshly dug, moist mud into the TD-types made of bamboo and plastic, or moved the fishing net out of the burrow when it was obstructed by such a type of TD. The damaged parts of the mound caused by deployment of the TD were successfully reconstructed or rebuilt by the mud lobster, using moist mud from the bottom of their tunnel. There was no particular period determined, i.e., neither by day nor at night, when the mud lobsters repaired or rebuilt their opened or otherwise disturbed burrows

Mapping Listvenite Occurrences in the Damage Zones of Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica Using ASTER Satellite Remote Sensing Data

Listvenites normally form during hydrothermal/metasomatic alteration of mafic and ultramafic rocks and represent a key indicator for the occurrence of ore mineralizations in orogenic systems. Hydrothermal/metasomatic alteration mineral assemblages are one of the significant indicators for ore mineralizations in the damage zones of major tectonic boundaries, which can be detected using multispectral satellite remote sensing data. In this research, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) multispectral remote sensing data were used to detect listvenite occurrences and alteration mineral assemblages in the poorly exposed damage zones of the boundaries between the Wilson, Bowers and Robertson Bay terranes in Northern Victoria Land (NVL), Antarctica. Spectral information for detecting alteration mineral assemblages and listvenites were extracted at pixel and sub-pixel levels using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA)/Independent Component Analysis (ICA) fusion technique, Linear Spectral Unmixing (LSU) and Constrained Energy Minimization (CEM) algorithms. Mineralogical assemblages containing Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Fe-OH, Al-OH, Mg-OH and CO3 spectral absorption features were detected in the damage zones of the study area by implementing PCA/ICA fusion to visible and near infrared (VNIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands of ASTER. Silicate lithological groups were mapped and discriminated using PCA/ICA fusion to thermal infrared (TIR) bands of ASTER. Fraction images of prospective alteration minerals, including goethite, hematite, jarosite, biotite, kaolinite, muscovite, antigorite, serpentine, talc, actinolite, chlorite, epidote, calcite, dolomite and siderite and possible zones encompassing listvenite occurrences were produced using LSU and CEM algorithms to ASTER VNIR+SWIR spectral bands. Several potential zones for listvenite occurrences were identified, typically in association with mafic metavolcanic rocks (Glasgow Volcanics) in the Bowers Mountains.Comparison of the remote sensing results with geological investigations in the study area demonstrate invaluable implications of the remote sensing approach for mapping poorly exposed lithological units, detecting possible zones of listvenite occurrences and discriminating subpixel abundance of alteration mineral assemblages in the damage zones of the Wilson-Bowers and Bowers-Robertson Bay terrane boundaries and in intra-Bowers and Wilson terranes fault zones with high fluid flow. The satellite remote sensing approach developed in this research is explicitly pertinent to detecting key alteration mineral indicators for prospecting hydrothermal/metasomatic ore minerals in remote and inaccessible zones situated in other orogenic systems around the world

Effects of burrowing mud lobsters (Thalassina anomala Herbst 1804) on soil macro- and micronutrients in a Malaysian mangrove

The mud lobster, genus Thalassina is the least studied taxon compared to other mud crabs within Thalassinidae family. Burrowing thalassinid populations are considered to be an effective means of bioturbation, affecting the macro- and micronutrient properties in the substrates they occur in through nutrient redistribution. This study assessed the combined effects of fresh mud excavation and old mud deposition on soil turnover and vertical marconutrients including NH4–N, NO3–N, P, K, S, Na, Ca, and Mg and micronutrients including Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn distributions in a Malaysian mangrove, Sibuti Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarawak. The mud lobster Thalassina anomala (Decapoda: Thalassinidae) inhabits and builds mounds both seafront and inland mangroves. Their burrowing activities increased NH4–N, NO3–N, P, and Na concentrations in fresh mud and Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations in the old mud. The nutrient concentrations in excavated soils were greatly affected by habitat type, and depth. Burrowing processes can effectively turnover subsurface soil to the surface, which acidifies strongly upon oxidation. Higher S content in mud lobster soil together with low pH revealed mud lobsters play a strong role in the development of acidity in the study areas. These processes could stimulate formation of acid sulphate soil in the mangroves. Therefore, bioturbation not only affects soil physical and chemical properties but also ecological functions of mangroves, and needs proper attention during restoration and reclamation programs of mangrove forests

GIS And Oil Spill Tracking Model in Forecasting Potential Oil Spill-affected Areas Along Terengganu and Pahang Coastal Area

Oil contamination can occur accidentally or incidentally in the environment as long as petroleum or shipping activities exist. There is a need to take appropriate preventive measures to reduce the negative impact by carefully monitoring the sprinkles and dispersion particles due to the oil spill movement. An expected oil spill originating from the Resak platform is positioned at 49.1 nautical miles from the Kuala Terengganu shoreline. The Dulang platform, positioned at 69.8 nautical miles from the Kuala Terengganu, can pollute the coastline of the Terengganu and Pahang ecosystems. This study aims; (i) make predictions from the direction of oil particle dispersion and (ii) engage the ecosystem to determine the effect of an oil spill on a platform around the coastal area. The combination of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Oil Spill Trajectory Model (OSTM) has been used to establish the appropriate response to locate the dense area of the slick. The result from the model running show in Northeast (NE) monsoon season, Terengganu and Pahang, have a high potential to affect. It is highly likely to reach the Terengganu coast area, especially in Dungun. It was predicted that 466 barrels of oil would arrive within four days of the December incident. Moreover, Kemaman and Pekan districts in Pahang also have the highest risk of being exposed to oil pollution during the Northeast Monsoon. This is due to the wind factors, which blow from South to North along the East coast of Malaysia Peninsular with a speed maximum of 13 ms-1 and indirectly carry the oil particles to coastal areas in Terengganu and Pahang

The Asia‐Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network : 10‐year achievements and new strategies to 2030.

The Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Observation Network (APBON) was launched in 2009, in response to the establishment of the Biodiversity Observation Network under the Group on Earth Observations in 2008. APBON's mission is to increase exchange of knowledge and know-how between institutions and researchers concerning biodiversity science research in the Asia-Pacific (AP) region and thereby contribute to evidence-based decision-making and policy-making. Here we summarize APBON activities and achievements in its first 10 years. We review how APBON has developed networks, facilitated communication for sharing knowledge, and built capacity of researchers and stakeholders through workshops and publications as well as discuss the network plan. Key findings by APBON members include descriptions of species new to science, mapping tropical forest cover change, evaluating impacts of hydropower dams and climate change on fish species diversity in the Mekong, and mapping “Ecologically and Biologically Significant Areas” in the oceans. APBON has also contributed to data collection, sharing, analysis, and synthesis for regional and global biodiversity assessment. A highlight was contributing to the “Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services” regional report. New strategic plans target the development of national-level BONs and interdisciplinary research to address the data and knowledge gaps and increase data accessibility for users and for meeting societal demands. Strengthening networks in AP region and capacity building through APBON meetings will continue. By promoting monitoring and scientific research and facilitating the dialogue with scientists and policymakers, APBON will contribute to the implementation of conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity in the entire AP region.publishedVersio

Seribu islands in the megacities of Jakarta on the frontlines of the climate crisis

Jakarta, the biggest city in Indonesia, has one district that consists of hundreds of islands that face severe climate hazards called the Seribu Islands complex. This study explores the evidence of local climate trends, the potential impact, and its policy intervention on Seribu Islands, which are classified as small island states and widely recognized as being especially at risk from climate change, threatening their economic and social growth. Long-term in-situ climate data, satellite data, interviews with local stakeholders, and literature reviews were utilized to conduct an exploratory descriptive analysis. The result revealed that Seribu Island experienced a 2.2°C increase in minimum temperature from 1980 until 2021, 3.5-fold of the frequency of extreme temperature and precipitation, 4.17 mm/year of sea level rise, and 10.8 ha land expansion in the densest island. Moreover, about 67% of the inhabitant’s islands were occupied by built-up areas that cover more than 50% of the region. Further, under the worst-case SLR scenario, about 58.4% of the area will be affected, and about 29 islands will disappear. This evidence was also reinforced by every single local respondent’s viewpoint who felt that climate change is occurring in the region. Even though the region faces a severe threat of climate change, the issue of climate change adaptation has not been mainstreamed yet into their local policy. Therefore, the urgency of a real-time climate ground station, a real-time early warning system, and establishing a Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) at the district level have yet to be addressed. Furthermore, the knowledge gained from such case studies is outlined, along with some scientific evidence that may assist small island states in better fostering the opportunities provided by climate change adaptation