Efficacy of virtual education program to evaluate the knowledge of young mothers in Developmental Milestones: A survey in Delhi/NCR

Efficacy of Virtual Education Program to evaluate the Knowledge of Young Mothers in Developmental Milestones. -A survey in Delhi/NCR. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual education program to assess knowledge of young mothers in identifying developmental milestones. Design: A Cross section study was performed on young mothers via online mode of (pre-posttest). Outcome measures: Google form. Population: Young mothers within Delhi NCR, with no more than two children, and a mean age of 20-45 years were included. Backgroud and Purpose: In this study online session have given to assess the knowledge of young mothers in identifying developmental milestones. The purpose of this study was (1) to evaluate the efficacy of online education program on knowledge of young mothers to identifying developmental milestones, (2) To evaluate the outcomes of pre-test and posttest. Subjects. The participants were 100 young mothers from Delhi NCR. Methods. Self-structured questionnaire on knowledge regarding developmental milestones was used in this study, the questionnaire consists of 12 multiple choice answer questions in both the pre-test and post-test, with a video demonstrating the chronological progression of each gross motor milestone ranging from first month of life to twelve months respectfully. Each mother participated in the questionnaire

N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase : A competent vaccine candidate against IPSID

Immunoproliferative small intestine disease (IPSID) is a collective name for a range of diseases caused by various microorganisms but the major and persistent organism is Campylobacter Jejuni. IPSID can lead to minor symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, imbalance of electrolytes in the body etc. to major consequences that may lead to death in case of prolonged untreated condition. IPSID leads to infiltration of lymphocytes as a consequence of an immune response to invasion by microbes, which eventually leads to the evolvement of IgA producing bodies and to the selection of a body that produces α heavy chains. Hence, it is also called “α- Heavy chain disease”. Until now there has been no successful development of a vaccine for this disease. N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase is one of the proteins in Campylobacter Jejuni ssp. Jejuni which is also a Potential vaccine candidate (PVC) against IPSID as identified by Vaxigen. Here, we are utilizing deep learning softwares i.e, Vaxi-DL and VaxELAN for analyzing the given protein in terms of adhesion, secretory nature, trans-membrane helices, cleavage sites, MHC-I binding, CTL epitope prediction, essential genes, molecular weight, non-bacterial pathogen, non-homology with human genome, virulence factors, allergenicity, cellular localization and probability of being a PVC

An invasive Mimosa in India does not adopt the symbionts of its native relatives

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The large monophyletic genus Mimosa comprises approx. 500 species, most of which are native to the New World, with Central Brazil being the main centre of radiation. All Brazilian Mimosa spp. so far examined are nodulated by rhizobia in the betaproteobacterial genus Burkholderia. Approximately 10 Mya, transoceanic dispersal resulted in the Indian subcontinent hosting up to six endemic Mimosa spp. The nodulation ability and rhizobial symbionts of two of these, M. hamata and M. himalayana, both from north-west India, are here examined, and compared with those of M. pudica, an invasive species. METHODS: Nodules were collected from several locations, and examined by light and electron microscopy. Rhizobia isolated from them were characterized in terms of their abilities to nodulate the three Mimosa hosts. The molecular phylogenetic relationships of the rhizobia were determined by analysis of 16S rRNA, nifH and nodA gene sequences. KEY RESULTS: Both native Indian Mimosa spp. nodulated effectively in their respective rhizosphere soils. Based on 16S rRNA, nifH and nodA sequences, their symbionts were identified as belonging to the alphaproteobacterial genus Ensifer, and were closest to the ‘Old World’ Ensifer saheli, E. kostiensis and E. arboris. In contrast, the invasive M. pudica was predominantly nodulated by Betaproteobacteria in the genera Cupriavidus and Burkholderia. All rhizobial strains tested effectively nodulated their original hosts, but the symbionts of the native species could not nodulate M. pudica. CONCLUSIONS: The native Mimosa spp. in India are not nodulated by the Burkholderia symbionts of their South American relatives, but by a unique group of alpha-rhizobial microsymbionts that are closely related to the ‘local’ Old World Ensifer symbionts of other mimosoid legumes in north-west India. They appear not to share symbionts with the invasive M. pudica, symbionts of which are mostly beta-rhizobial