Effect of Synthesis methods on the Properties of Magnetic Material

Ba1-xPbxFe12O19 composition (x=0.0 to 1.0) synthesized by Co-precipitation and Sol-Gel methods. In Coprecipitation method BaCO3, PbO and Fe (NO3)3 .9H2O were used as basic ingredients. Acids and Di-H2O were used as solvents. Molar ratio of cations was 12. pH of solution kept constant at 13. All samples sintered at 965±5oC for three hours. Lead own properties, synthesis at room temperature and substitution in R-block of structure were the reasons for decrease of phase purity from ?x? =0.0 to 70% for ?x?=1.0. Decrease in phase purity and heterogeneity of material caused the properties to decrease. In Sol gel method, Nitrates (salts) and Ethylene glycol (liquid) were the basic material used. The mixed solutions dried out on a hot plate whose temperature was maintained constant at 200±2oC. Pellets formed by applying suitable hydraulic pressure and then sintered at same temperature written above i.e. 965±5oC for three hours. 100% phase purity achieved. All properties modified. Temperature and frequency dependent electrical properties investigated and reported here. DC and AC obtained properties were useful for different electronics and computer devices like capacitors, smart storage devices and multilayer chip inductors. Overall, both these properties improved through solgelmethod as compared to co-precipitation method. It was because of improvement in phase purity and change inmorphology of synthesized material

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries