Transformación del sistema educativo en democracia Argentina y Mendoza (1984-2015) Transformation of the educational system into democracy Argentina and Mendoza (1984-2015)

La sociedad mendocina otorga un valor importante al servicio educativo. En la actualidad cuenta con 8 universidades (2 estatales y 6 privadas), 74 institutos de educación superior y más de 2700 escuelas de nivel inicial, primario y secundario. Es una de las provincias con mayor concentración de instituciones de nivel superior en la que se matriculan alrededor de 70000 estudiantes por año.La educación tiene una presencia y distribución en la población, con índices equivalentes a los que existen en el resto del país: el acceso a la educación primaria es prácticamente universal. En el nivel secundario, la tasa de escolarización llega al 80%. Desde que la Ley Federal incluyó la obligatoriedad del nivel inicial se han multiplicado las escuelas de gestión pública estatal que ofrecen este nivel de educación.En este artículo nos proponemos describir las políticas educativas diseñadas por los gobiernos constitucionales desde el Congreso Pedagógico de 1988 hasta poco después de la celebración del bicentenario de la Independencia. Queremos mostrar cómo poco a poco, en Mendoza y en el país, se están concretando las distintas propuestas formuladas en el Congreso Pedagógico para vislumbrar el porvenir de la educación argentina

Laicismo escolar y libertad de enseñanza en la educación argentina - School secularism and educational freedom in Argentinian education

Después del gobierno militar que concluyó en 1982 con la Guerra de Malvinas, el pueblo de la Nación Argentina volvió a elegir gobiernos constitucionales. El primer presidente de la etapa de la democracia fue Raúl Alfonsín (1983-1989) quien, en el aniversario de la promulgación de la ley 1420, decidió convocar a un Congreso Pedagógico Nacional. La Nación debía diseñar un nuevo proyecto político y, consecuentemente, un nuevo proyecto pedagógico. Las Asamblea Final del Congreso Pedagógico (1988) reconoció que, en sus años de existencia, Argentina no había podido ponerse de acuerdo sobre un modelo de país y que, por tanto, carecía de un proyecto educativo que contribuyera a formar en una identidad común a las jóvenes generaciones. En este artículo queremos mostrar que el laicismo escolar representó el ideal político de un grupo dirigente de fines del siglo XIX, que logró imponerse en la transformación de muchas instituciones pero que, a pesar de su importancia, no ha podido matar las raíces de la cultura cristiana que animan a la nación argentina desde sus orígenes

Educación y política en democracia : Mendoza 1984- 2015

Este libro es continuación del que publicamos anteriormente sobre la Historia de la Educación de Mendoza (desde el terremoto de 1861 hasta el Congreso Pedagógico de 1988). En esta ocasión se hace una descripción de las políticas educativas diseñadas por los gobiernos constitucionales desde el Congreso Pedagógico de 1984 hasta poco después de la celebración del Bicentenario de la Independencia. Como en aquella oportunidad, se propone realizar una descripción de las ideas pedagógicas y explicar en qué medida esas ideas influyeron en la realización de diversas instituciones educativas. Se desea reunir y sistematizar el material disperso y producir una obra de carácter general que ayude a entender los procesos de configuración y desarrollo del sistema educativo mendocino en los años de gobiernos democráticos

Corte transversal de la justicia federal de Córdoba: la forma de gestionar sus recursos

Fil: Muscará, Diego Nicolás. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; Argentin

Nitric oxide: properties and therapeutic use

Nitric oxide ( NO) is a substance that acts as a second-messenger and is associated with a number of important physiological functions such as regulation of the vascular tonus, immune modulation and neurotransmission. As a physiological mediator, alteration of its concentration level may cause pathophysiological disfunctions such as hypertension, septic shock and impotence. Possible therapeutic approaches are being developed to control NO levels in vivo. We review herein the main physical and chemical properties of NO, its biological functions and available chemical interventions to reduce and increment its physiological concentration levels. Recent developments in the field are also highlighted.10461054Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Protective effects of exogenous and endogenous hydrogen sulfide in mast cell-mediated pruritus and cutaneous acute inflammation in mice.

Published onlineJournal ArticleThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this record.The recently described 'gasomediator' hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been involved in pain mechanisms, but its effect on pruritus, a sensory modality that similarly to pain acts as a protective mechanism, is poorly known and controversial. The effects of the slow-releasing (GYY4137) and spontaneous H2S donors (Na2S and Lawesson's reagent, LR) were evaluated in histamine and compound 48/80 (C48/80)-dependent dorsal skin pruritus and inflammation in male BALB/c mice. Animals were intradermally (i.d.) injected with C48/80 (3μg/site) or histamine (1μmol/site) alone or co-injected with Na2S, LR or GYY4137 (within the 0.3-100nmol range). The involvement of endogenous H2S and KATP channel-dependent mechanism were also evaluated. Pruritus was assessed by the number of scratching bouts, whilst skin inflammation was evaluated by the extravascular accumulation of intravenously injected (125)I-albumin (plasma extravasation) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (neutrophil recruitment). Histamine or C48/80 significantly evoked itching behavior paralleled by plasma extravasation and increased MPO activity. Na2S and LR significantly ameliorated histamine or C48/80-induced pruritus and inflammation, although these effects were less pronounced or absent with GYY4137. Inhibition of endogenous H2S synthesis exacerbated C48/80-induced responses, whereas the blockade of KATP channels by glibenclamide did not. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) revealed that Na2S and LR, but not GYY4137, significantly attenuated C48/80-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cell in vitro. We provide first evidences that H2S exerted protective effect against acute pruritus mediated via histaminergic pathways in murine skin, thus making of H2S donors a potential alternative/complementary therapy for treatment of acute pruritus.Sao Paulo Research Foundation (Fapesp grant numbers: 2013/04.151-3, 2014/15.576-8, 2014/24.518-1) and CNPq (grant number: 163278/2012-1). GDN, MNM and SKPC are recipients of fellowships from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). We thank Irene M Gouvea, Flávia B de Lira and Mauro Sucupira for their techinical support

Hydrogen sulfide donors alleviate itch secondary to the activation of type-2 protease activated receptors (PAR-2) in mice.

Published onlineJOURNAL ARTICLEHydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been highlighted as an endogenous signaling molecule and we have previously found that it can inhibit histamine-mediated itching. Pruritus is the most common symptom of cutaneous diseases and anti-histamines are the usual treatment; however, anti-histamine-resistant pruritus is common in some clinical settings. In this way, the involvement of mediators other than histamine in the context of pruritus requires new therapeutic targets. Considering that the activation of proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) is involved in pruritus both in rodents and humans, in this study we investigated the effect of H2S donors on the acute scratching behavior mediated by PAR-2 activation in mice, as well as some of the possible pharmacological mechanisms involved. The intradermal injection of the PAR-2 peptide agonist SLIGRL-NH2 (8-80nmol) caused a dose-dependent scratching that was unaffected by intraperitoneal pre-treatment with the histamine H1 antagonist pyrilamine (30mg/kg). Co-injection of SLIGRL-NH2 (40nmol) with either the slow-release H2S donor GYY4137 (1 and 3nmol) or the spontaneous donor NaHS (1 and 0.3nmol) significantly reduced pruritus. Co-treatment with the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide (200nmol) or the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (10nmol) abolished the antipruritic effects of NaHS; however, the specific soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (30μg) had no significant effects. The transient receptor potential ankyrin type 1 (TRPA1) antagonist HC-030031 (20μg) significantly reduced SLIGRL-NH2-induced pruritus; however pruritus induced by the TRPA1 agonist AITC (1000nmol) was unaffected by NaHS. Based on these data, we conclude that pruritus secondary to PAR-2 activation can be reduced by H2S, which acts through KATP channel opening and involves NO in a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-independent manner. Furthermore, TRPA1 receptors mediate the pruritus induced by activation of PAR-2, but H2S does not interfere with this pathway. These results provide additional support for the development of new therapeutical alternatives, mainly intended for treatment of pruritus in patients unresponsive to anti-histamines.MNM and SKPC are recipients of fellowships from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and grants from the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). RT, MW and MEW would like to thank the Brian Ridge Scholarship for its support (RT)

Gastric tolerability and prolonged prostaglandin inhibition in the brain with a nitric oxide-releasing flurbiprofen derivative (NCX 2216, [3-[4-(2-fluoro-a-methyl[1,1-biphenyl]-4-acetyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-propenoic acid 4-nitrooxybutyl

ABSTRACT NCX-2216 [3-[4-(2-fluoro-␣-methyl-[1,1Ј-biphenyl]-4-acetyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-propenoic acid 4-nitrooxy butyl ester] is an NO-releasing flurbiprofen derivative that also contains a ferulic acid (antioxidant) moiety. NCX-2216 has been shown to be effective in reducing ␤-amyloid deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The tolerability of this compound in the stomach and its ability to suppress prostaglandin synthesis in the brain are not known. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) and ferulic acid to the pharmacological properties of NCX-2216 versus flurbiprofen; thus, we compared their gastric tolerability and suppression of prostaglandin synthesis, peripherally and centrally. Oral flurbiprofen produced extensive gastric damage and suppressed gastric prostaglandin synthesis. In contrast, while suppressing prostaglandin production, equimolar doses of NCX-2216 did not cause detectable gastric injury. The NO-releasing moiety of NCX-2216 (but not the ferulic acid moiety) was crucial for the gastric safety of this compound. NCX-2216 substantially inhibited prostanoid synthesis despite not being detectable in plasma and despite producing only low amounts of flurbiprofen in plasma and in the brain. Inhibition of brain prostaglandin synthesis by NCX-2216 (22 mg/ kg) persisted for a much longer period of time (up to 48 h) than was seen with flurbiprofen (Յ12 h). These results demonstrate that a single administration of NCX-2216 can produce prolonged suppression of brain prostaglandin synthesis without causing gastric injury. It is likely that an active metabolite of NCX-2216 contributes to the suppression of cyclooxygenase activity. NCX-2216 may represent an attractive alternative to conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for long-term treatment of a variety of inflammatory disorders, especially those occurring in the central nervous system