Association between neutrophil geletinase-associated lipocalin and iron deficiency anemia in children on chronic dialysis

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and associated with higher risk of death. Neutrophil geletinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a small 25 kDa glycoprotein, a member of lipocalin superfamily that released at the response of cellular stress from different cells. In addition, NGAL was studied as an iron regulatory glycoprotein and regulator of iron related gene. The aim of the current study was to determine any association between serum NGAL and body iron status markers in children on chronic dialysis. Materials and Methods: This correlation study was carried out between May 2012 and May 2013 and evaluated all dialysis patients less than 19 years in pediatric dialysis centers in Isfahan that didn’t have exclusion criteria. They were 40 children, including 23 persons on hemodialysis (HD) and 17 persons dialyzed by peritoneal dialysis (PD). Furthermore, we selected 40 children as healthy controls. We examined the relationship between plasma NGAL levels and indices of anemia such as ferritin, transferrin saturation (TSAT) and serum iron (SI) in dialysis children. Results: Serum NGAL level in children on chronic dialysis (group including both PD and HD patients) was significantly higher than healthy controls (P = 0.008). Furthermore, in this group Serum NGAL level had inverse correlation with TSAT (P = 0.04, r = −0.22), SI (P = 0.04, r = −0.2), white blood cells (P = 0.045, r = −0.26) and serum ferritin (P = 0.006, r = −0.3). In addition, HD patients had higher serum NGAL level than PD patients (P = 0.048). Conclusion: High serum NGAL level in low TSAT group demonstrated that NGAL probably has an important role in IDA in children on chronic dialysis; therefore, it can be a new marker for diagnosis of IDA in CKD

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FISH FARMING IN AZERBAIJAN AND THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, USA

Authors of this report describe peculiarities of fish farming in the water basin of Azerbaijan and the State of California (USA). Authors of the report also offer the description of the natural conditions of lakes and river basins, as well as coastal zones where fish farming is developed in the selected country

Analysıs Of The Bıt Error Rate Of M-Psk Systems Usıng Lmmse Channel Estımatıon And Mrc/Egc Dıversıty Combınıng Over Rıcean-Fadıng Channels

Çalışmada pilot sembol eklenmiş faz-kaydırmalı anahtarlama (M-PSK) kipleme yöntemi, lineer minimum ortalama hata kare (LMMSE) kanal kestirimi yöntemi kullanarak azami oran birleştirici (MRC) ve eşit kazanç birleştirici (EGC) yöntemleri farklı anten çeşitliliğinde ve kipleme seviyelerinde Ricean sönümlemeli kanal altında Bit Hata Oranı (BER) performans analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anten çeşitliliğinin alıcıda arttırılması aynı sinyal-gürültü oranında (SNR) daha düşük BER elde edilmesini sağlamıştır. Simülasyon sonuçlarında analiz edildiği üzere M-PSK kiplemeli MRC yöntemi, EGC yöntemine göre daha iyi performans göstermektedir.This study included Bit Error Rate (BER) performance analysis of the pilot symbol-aided modulation (PSAM) for M-PSK (M-ary Phase Shift Keying) system with Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) channel estimation technique that exploits the maximal-ratio combining (MRC) and equal-gain combining (EGC) schemes are performed for different antenna diversity combining schemes and modulation levels, over Ricean fading channel. Increasing the antenna diversity at the receiver provides lower BER at the same Signal-to- Noise Ratio (SNR). As it is analyzed in the simulation results, the M-PSK modulated MRC technique has a better performance than the EGC technique

Višegrado šalių kintantis politinis vaidmuo Europos Sąjungoje

The Master Thesis analyses contemporary challenges between Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and the European Union. The object of the Master thesis is the political role changes of the Visegrad states in the EU during last three years. By the “role” in that case mean the political actions of the V4 members as the part of the European Union. Master Thesis aims to identify the contemporary challenges of the changing relation between EU and V4 states. To reach the aim the given tasks have been chosen: to introduce the theoretical background of the research and to identify possible features and concerns of “the liberal intergovermentalism” theory of European Integration; to make a historical trend of the bilateral relations between V4 and EU; to indicate the main steps and decisive actions taken towards the EU-membership; to demonstrate the main political changes of states’ position separately analyzed below at the EU-level; to investigate the main EU-related issues led to variation of positive perception of the wide integration processes; to scrutinize high-level representatives’ stance about the future perspectives of the EU-V4 relations; to analyze internal actions of each state caused problems between the European Union and local Governments. For this purpose both qualitative and quantitative methods used: comparative method, historical method, document analysis and analysis of the statistical data. Initially, the theory of the “Liberal intergovermentalism” has been chosen in order to analyze main changes of Visegrad states political actions towards EU integration and its reasons. The main reason to choose this theory is the fact that it explains the European Integration as well as possible disintegration from the perspective of National Interests what is suitable for the research. First empirical part of the Master thesis explaining the stance of the Visegrad states in the beginning. Visegrad group countries are comparatively new members of the European Union which were very enthusiastic about EU-membership during the first years of the integration processes and membership. However, last three year their position in the EU is changing in a negative way. From countries which were enthusiastic about EU, they became states with widely spread Euroscepticism. Thus the third chapter of the paper encompasses analysis of the state level officials and other representatives of the political elites position towards EU and its influence on the formation of the image of the EU among masses. In other words, this part of the Master Thesis demonstrates how the perception of European integration is changing last years. Last chapter of the Thesis devoted to recent challenges for the mutual relation between V4 states and EU. This chapter divided to two subchapters first of which shows the Visegrad Group dissatisfaction on EU internal and foreign policy, whereas the second speaks about the internal policy of the local Governments led to the increasing tensions between parties.Magistro darbe analizuojami šiuolaikiniai iššūkiai, su kuriais susiduria Čekijos Respublika, Lenkija, Vengrija, Slovakija ir Europos Sąjunga. Tyrimo objektas yra politinis Višegrado valstybių vaidmuo Europos Sąjungoje per pastaruosius trejus metus. Šiuo atveju „vaidmuo“ reiškia politinius V4 narių, kaip Europos Sąjungos dalies, veiksmus. Tiriamo darbo tikslas yra nustatyti šiuolaikinius kintančių santykių tarp ES ir V4 valstybių iššūkius. Siekiant šio tikslo, buvo pasirinkti toliau pateikti uždaviniai: supažindinti su teoriniu mokslinio tyrimo pagrindu ir nustatyti galimus „liberalios tarpvyriausybinės“ Europos integracijos teorijos bruožus bei opius klausimus; nustatyti istorinę dvišalių santykių tarp V4 ir ES tendenciją; nurodyti pagrindinius žingsnius ir ryžtingas priemones, kurių buvo imtasi dėl narystės Europos Sąjungoje; parodyti pagrindinius politinius valstybių pozicijos, išnagrinėtos žemiau ES lygmenyje, pokyčius; ištirti pagrindinius su ES susijusius klausimus, kurie lėmė teigiamo plačios integracijos procesų suvokimo svyravimą; išsamiai išnagrinėti aukšto lygio atstovų poziciją dėl ES ir V4 santykių ateities perspektyvų; išanalizuoti vidinius kiekvienos valstybės veiksmus, kurie sukėlė problemų santykiuose tarp Europos Sąjungos ir vietinių Vyriausybių. Šiuo tikslu buvo panaudoti kokybinis ir kiekybinis metodai: palyginamasis metodas, istorinis metodas, dokumentų analizė ir statistinių duomenų analizė. Pradžioje „liberali tarpvyriausybinė“ teorija buvo pasirinkta siekiant išanalizuoti pagrindinius Višegrado valstybių politinių veiksmų ES integracijos atžvilgiu pasikeitimus ir jų priežastis. Pagrindinė šios teorijos pasirinkimo priežastis yra faktas, kad ji paaiškina Europos integraciją, taip pat ir galimą dezintegraciją iš nacionalinių interesų, kurie laikomi tinkamais moksliniam tyrimui, perspektyvos. Pirmojoje empirinėje magistrinio darbo dalyje bandoma paaiškinti pradžioje buvusias Višegrado valstybių pozicijas. Višegrado grupei priklausančios šalys yra santykinai naujos Europos Sąjungos narės, kurios buvo labai entuziastingai nusiteikusios dėl ES narystės per pirmuosius integracijos procesų ir narystės metus. Tačiau per pastaruosius trejus metus jų padėtis ES keičiasi į neigiamą pusę. Iš šalių, kurios buvo entuziastingai nusiteikusio dėl ES, jos tapo valstybėmis, kurios prisideda prie plačiai paplitusio euroskepticizmo. Taigi trečiasis darbo skyrius apima valstybinio lygio pareigūnų ir kitų politinio elito atstovų pozicijos ES atžvilgiu analizę ir jos įtaką formuojant ES įvaizdį masėms. Kitais žodžiais tariant, šioje magistrinio darbo dalyje parodoma, kaip kito Europos integracijos suvokimas per pastaruosius metus. Paskutinis magistrinio darbo skyrius yra skirtas patiems neseniai iškilusiems abipusių V4 valstybių ir ES santykių iššūkiams. Šis skyrius padalintas į du poskyrius, kurių pirmajame aprašytas Višegrado grupės nepasitenkinimas ES vidaus ir užsienio politika, o antrajame pateikta vietinių Vyriausybių vidaus politika, kuri prisidėjo prie didėjančių įtampų tarp šalių

Understanding the relevant skills for data analytics-related positions: An empirical study of job advertisements

The shift to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and digitalization had made it challenging for jobseekers to predict the labor market and meet the expectations of companies. The thesis studies data-related positions, which are predicted as emerging occupations and for which demand accrues. Data-related positions experience a lack of common consensus regarding the definition of professions. Furthermore, the number of data companies is expected to rise and the shortage of field experts is expected to affect the economy of companies and the economy as a whole. In addition, data technologies and tools are rapidly evolving, and the role and the utilization of data in organizations becomes critical for staying in the market. Derived from problems, the thesis aims to answer how skill requirements have changed, what the current skill requirements are, and how skill requirements vary across countries and across industries. The thesis studies Data Scientist, Data Analyst, Data Engineer, Data Consultant, Data Manager, Business Analyst and Business Intelligence positions in Finland, Denmark and Poland, by web scraping of job advertisements from the Indeed.com job portal. Furthermore, Quantitative Content Analysis has been applied for the study, and the Python programming language has been utilized as a tool for the text analysis. The findings show that data-related positions have experienced considerable changes in skill requirements, and emerging and disappearing skills can be predicted. Moreover, while the top occurring skills across countries are the same, the variations increase with the decrease of frequencies of skills in advertisements. Finally, the advertisements have been categorized into Marketing and Financial domains, and the results show that the most in-demand skills are the same in both domains, whereas for less frequent skills the variation increases. Furthermore, skills that are relevant to only a particular domain can be observed. The findings are supposed to contribute to the lessening of a rising skill gap, to support defining the data-related professions, as well as to assist in up- and re-skilling for the data-related occupations

Sakkul Makbul

Metin eski harfli Türkçe'dir. Nadir eserdir. Yazma eser. Yazı: Talik

Exploring the Impact of AI Tools on Cognitive Skills: A Comparative Analysis

This study evaluates the impact of Generative AI (Artificial Intelligence) algorithms on human decision making in complex problem-solving tasks. Rather than assessing the algorithms in isolation, we focus on how their use shapes three critical cognitive components of decision making: analytical thinking, creative thinking, and systems thinking. In an experimental setting, student participants were randomly assigned to solve management consulting cases either with or without access to an AI algorithm. Their solutions were evaluated using a structured rubric that captures sub-skills across the three cognitive dimensions. The results of this exploratory study reveal that AI-supported participants achieved stronger outcomes in logical reasoning, structuring, and problem definition, but showed weaknesses in novel idea generation, multidisciplinary integration, and critical rejection of unsupported conclusions. These findings highlight how algorithmic support influences the configuration of human cognitive processes in decision making