1,348 research outputs found
Large-scale effects on meso-scale modeling for scalar transport
The transport of scalar quantities passively advected by velocity fields with
a small-scale component can be modeled at meso-scale level by means of an
effective drift and an effective diffusivity, which can be determined by means
of multiple-scale techniques. We show that the presence of a weak large-scale
flow induces interesting effects on the meso-scale scalar transport. In
particular, it gives rise to non-isotropic and non-homogeneous corrections to
the meso-scale drift and diffusivity. We discuss an approximation that allows
us to retain the second-order effects caused by the large-scale flow. This
provides a rather accurate meso-scale modeling for both asymptotic and
pre-asymptotic scalar transport properties. Numerical simulations in model
flows are used to illustrate the importance of such large-scale effects.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure
Using Video Modeling to Teach Vocational Tasks: Increasing the Job Skills of Individuals with Special Needs
Clustering and collisions of heavy particles in random smooth flows
Finite-size impurities suspended in incompressible flows distribute
inhomogeneously, leading to a drastic enhancement of collisions. A description
of the dynamics in the full position-velocity phase space is essential to
understand the underlying mechanisms, especially for polydisperse suspensions.
These issues are here studied for particles much heavier than the fluid by
means of a Lagrangian approach. It is shown that inertia enhances collision
rates through two effects: correlation among particle positions induced by the
carrier flow and uncorrelation between velocities due to their finite size. A
phenomenological model yields an estimate of collision rates for particle pairs
with different sizes. This approach is supported by numerical simulations in
random flows.Comment: 12 pages, 9 Figures (revTeX 4) final published versio
Inertial particles driven by a telegraph noise
We present a model for the Lagrangian dynamics of inertial particles in a
compressible flow, where fluid velocity gradients are modelled by a telegraph
noise. The model allows for an analytic investigation of the role of time
correlation of the flow in the aggregation-disorder transition of inertial
particle. The dependence on Stokes and Kubo numbers of the Lyapunov exponent of
particle trajectories reveals the presence of a region in parameter space (St,
Ku) where the leading Lyapunov exponent changes sign, thus signaling the
transition. The asymptotics of short and long-correlated flows are discussed,
as well as the fluid-tracer limit.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Statistics of mixing in three-dimensional Rayleigh--Taylor turbulence at low Atwood number and Prandtl number one
Three-dimensional miscible Rayleigh--Taylor (RT) turbulence at small Atwood
number and at Prandtl number one is investigated by means of high resolution
direct numerical simulations of the Boussinesq equations. RT turbulence is a
paradigmatic time-dependent turbulent system in which the integral scale grows
in time following the evolution of the mixing region. In order to fully
characterize the statistical properties of the flow, both temporal and spatial
behavior of relevant statistical indicators have been analyzed.
Scaling of both global quantities ({\it e.g.}, Rayleigh, Nusselt and Reynolds
numbers) and scale dependent observables built in terms of velocity and
temperature fluctuations are considered. We extend the mean-field analysis for
velocity and temperature fluctuations to take into account intermittency, both
in time and space domains. We show that the resulting scaling exponents are
compatible with those of classical Navier--Stokes turbulence advecting a
passive scalar at comparable Reynolds number. Our results support the scenario
of universality of turbulence with respect to both the injection mechanism and
the geometry of the flow
Scientific controversies and popular science in translation: rewriting, transediting or transcreation?
Over the centuries, the circulation of scientific ideas has been granted in one or a limited number of languages. Despite the advantages of avoiding a scientific Babel, popular science is largely communicated to the public using their first language(s), and is often the result of translation from other languages \u2013 most notably English. While science may partly be communicated to the public for information, at the leading edge of research it is often popularised for its newsworthiness and/or to involve the public in debates concerning social issues or political decisions. The question addressed in this paper is how the \u2018news\u2019 elements in popular science are mediated in the target language and culture and to what extent processes such as rewriting, transediting and transcreation are at work. Methods and strategies for science communication are compared and contrasted using an Italian and English parallel/comparable corpus of newspaper, magazine and news agency articles reporting on the recent scientific controversy over vaccines. Corpus articles are collected using the LexisNexis database. Data are checked against a small monitor corpus of key articles collected as the controversies developed. Within corpus texts, mediating strategies are tested and issues concerning the achievement of intended effects in scientific controversy popularizations are considered. The discourse of controversies will be investigated in translation as a test case for rewriting, transediting or transcreation with an eye to different audiences, while bearing in mind that the ease of communication and circulation of ideas may have blurred cultural specificities and impacted the presentation of scientific topics to some extent
Suppression of Rayleigh-Taylor turbulence by time-periodic acceleration
The dynamics of Rayleigh-Taylor turbulence convection in presence of an
alternating, time periodic acceleration is studied by means of extensive direct
numerical simulations of the Boussinesq equations. Within this framework, we
discover a new mechanism of relaminarization of turbulence: The alternating
acceleration, which initially produces a growing turbulent mixing layer, at
longer times suppresses turbulent fluctuation and drives the system toward an
asymptotic stationary configuration. Dimensional arguments and linear stability
theory are used to predict the width of the mixing layer in the asymptotic
state as a function of the period of the acceleration. Our results provide an
example of simple control and suppression of turbulent convection with
potential applications in different fields.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Toxoplasma gondii in tissue cultures. A microcinematographic study in phase contrast (Research note)
Scaling of Rayleigh-Taylor mixing in porous media
Pushing two fluids with different density one against the other causes the
development of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at their interface, which
further evolves in a complex mixing layer. In porous media, this process is
influenced by the viscous resistance experienced while flowing through the
pores, which is described by the Darcy's law. Here, we investigate the mixing
properties of the Darcy-Rayleigh-Taylor system in the limit of large P\'eclet
number by means of direct numerical simulations in three and two dimensions. In
the mixing zone, the balance between gravity and viscous forces results in a
non-self-similar growth of elongated plumes, whose length increases linearly in
time while their width follows a diffusive growth. The mass-transfer Nusselt
number is found to increase linearly with the Darcy-Rayleigh number supporting
a universal scaling in porous convection at high Ra numbers. Finally, we find
that the mixing process displays important quantitative differences between two
and three dimensions.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
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