Towards adapting metamodelling technique for an online social networks forensic investigation (OSNFI) Domain

With the ease of use of smart devices, most data is now kept and exchanged in digital forms such as images, diaries, calendars, movies, and so on. Digital forensic investigation is a new technology that emerged from criminals' who extensively use computers and digital storage devices to commit different types of crimes. To address this issue, a new domain called Online Social Networks Forensic (OSNF) was created to investigate these dynamic crimes perpetrated on social media platforms. OSNFI seeks to obtain, organise, investigate, and visualise user information as direct, objective, and fair evidence. Considering the millions of individuals using social media to share and communicate, they are becoming increasingly relevant for criminal investigations. In forensics investigation of online social network, there are currently major problems such as: lack of structured procedures, the lack of unified automated methods, and the lack of a theoretical context. The use of non-uniform and ad hoc forensic techniques and procedures not only reduces the effectiveness of the process, but also affects the reliability and creditability of the proof in criminal proceedings. As a result, this paper will provide a method derived from the software engineering domain known as metamodelling, which will integrate OSNFI knowledge into an artifact known as a metamodel

Assessment of gas flow characteristics and reaction kinetics of chemical vapour deposition reactors for the production of nano-hybrid fibres

Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) had been used to produce carbon nanotube (CNT) coated carbon fibre, referred to in this work as nano-hybrid fibres. In order to understand the gas flow behaviour inside the CVD reactor, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been utilised to simulate the process in a horizontal CVD reactor together with a vertical CVD reactor for comparison. For simplicity purposes, the CNT synthesis was represented by ferrocene decomposition into iron, which acts as the catalyst for CNT formation. The gas flow behaviour inside the horizontal reactor was asymmetrical in nature and seen to be dominated by recirculation effects compared with the vertical reactor, which was symmetrical and generally lacking in circulation. The impact of the gas flow characteristics on the reaction rates of the ferrocene decomposition and mass fraction of chemical species was also investigated. The kinetic rate of reaction in the horizontal reactor was found to be 2–3 orders of magnitude larger in the horizontal reactor compared with the vertical reactor. The results provide valuable insight into the best approach for producing nano-hybrid fibres in a one-step continuous process

Nanoemulsion as a topical delivery system of antipsoriatic drugs

Psoriasis is one of the most common skin diseases, affecting 2–5% of the world's population. It is a skin autoimmune disorder, resulting in an excessive growth and aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes. Psoriasis is an incurable lifetime disease which can only be controlled and relieved through medication. Various approaches have been explored to treat the disease. Treatment of psoriasis includes topical therapy, systemic therapy and phototherapy. Topical therapy is the first line treatment and it is the most practical medication method for psoriasis patients. However, the conventional topical treatments such as gel and cream have low efficiency, poor cosmetic and aesthetic appeal, leading to poor patient compliance or adherence, while systemic and photo therapy produce significant adverse side effects. Nanoemulsion is defined as an emulsion system consisting of oil, surfactant, and water with an isotropic, transparent (or translucent) appearance. The emulsion droplet size is defined to be less than 200 nm. Nonetheless, if the emulsion has low surfactant content and is kinetically stable, a size of less than 500 nm can be accepted as nanoemulsion. A small droplet size would enhance the delivery and penetration of a drug through the psoriasis skin layer. There has been a growing interest in using nanoemulsions in topical applications, due to their high stability and their optical transparency or translucency, which make them good and very dermatologically attractive. A good selection of oils and surfactants would enhance the transdermal treatment efficacy. This review highlights the potential of drug-loaded nanoemulsions for the treatment of psoriasis towards achieving better efficacy and eliminating side effects

The efficacy of insecticides (Fendona and Malathion) against larvae and adult stages of Musca domestica

Malathion and Fendona® (alphacypermethrin) insecticides were tested against larvae and adult stages of house flies, Musca domestica Linnaeus. The percentage mortality of House flies larvae range between 0% and 100%at different exposed dose rate of tested insecticide. Probit analysis was used to determine the LD50. The value LD50 for malathion without food medium was 0.833 -l/larvae and treatment with food medium was 0.895 -l/larvaerespectively. The LD50 for Fendona® without food medium was 0.545 -l/larvae and 0.870 -l/larvae for treatment with food medium. The LD50 values for Fendona® in both treatment was lowers compared with malathion, which meansthat alphacypermethrin is more toxic than malathion. Different with the test on adult house flies, the knockdown time values for alphacypermethrin at KT50 is 9.876 minutes and KT95 is 20.495 minutes against female adult house fliesand were significantly lower than malathion (KT50 is 75.17 minutes and KT95 is 103.38 minutes respectively). Result also showed that a total of 1.0-l of Fendona® is reacting more effective than 1.0-l of malathion. Therefore, we canconclude that Fendona® is the most effective insecticide towards larvae and adult stage of M. domestica. The effectiveness of both chemicals was affected when treated larvae was in the rearing mediu

Near-complete whole-genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp. nov. Strain J5C2022, a sucretolerant and endospore-forming bacterium isolated from highly concentrated sugar brine

Here, we present a 7.62-Mbp genome sequence of Paenibacillus sp. nov. strain J5C2022, a Gram-positive facultatively anaerobic bacterium that was isolated from 4-month-old fruit pickle brine and sequenced using the Illumina platform

Whole genome sequencing of Priestia megaterium isolated from the gut of sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota)

Priestia megatrium represents a bacterium of interest in a wide application of the field of biotechnology. Often it is sought after for its ability that boasts great rate for biosynthesis production of smaller biological molecules while also representing a suitable host to generate compounds such as cobalamin. The bacterium can also be found in a wide variety of habitats including sea water. Sea cucumbers have begun to be quite popular to a point of extinction in certain species. This interest could be associated to the uniqueness attributed to its gut microbiome or just the organism itself. Nevertheless, the presence of Priestia megaterium within the gut of Holothuria leucospilota might serve as rationale to the previous statement. Here, we describe a detailed genomic analysis of Priestia megaterium isolated from the gut of Holothuria leucospilota. Genomic DNA was extracted from nutrient broths which were incubated with pure cultures of Priestia megatrium which were previously isolated from the sea cucumber. Whole genome sequencing was carried out using an Oxford Nanopore Technology platform which used a long-read protocol. The study reported a complete genome of Priestia megatrium compromising of 5,323,711Â bp genome size with a GC content of 37.9Â . Finally, the annotated genome was submitted to the NCBI database. Overall, this study revealed the complete genome of Priestia megatrium and would serve to potentially explain its association towards the gut microbiome found within Holothuria leucospilota

Preliminary screening of bacterial and fungal communities from spontaneous fermentation of Durian pulps (tempoyak) using high-throughput amplicon sequencing

Fermentation is a method used to prolong the shelf-life and taste of fruit. Tempoyak is a fermented food made from durian pulps. Accumulating works were conducted to isolate and characterize the microbial communities using culture-dependent methods, with little effort in identifying the diversity using culture-independent approaches like next-generation sequencing (NGS) in tempoyak. The culture-dependent method showed several limitations such as tedious technique in plating, biasness in morphological identification and incompatibility of media selection for microbial growth. To date, the NGS allowed identification of the unculturable microbes up to species level. The purpose of this study is to screen the microbial communities in tempoyak using amplicon sequencing by targeting 16S rRNA and ITS2 for determining the diversity of bacterial and fungal communities respectively. On the other hand, this study also compared the complex microbial structure from the first day, T0 to day 14, T14 of the fermentation process. Here, we observed that sample T14 showed more diverse in both bacterial and fungal populations as compared to sample T0. Overall, genus Lactobacillus are the most abundant microbes representing the bacterial community. This study highlighted the importance of the NGS in characterizing the complex microbial communities in fermented food, for which could be useful to screen for potential unculturable microbial communities hindered by the limitation of culture-dependent approach

Isolation of meyerozyma caribbica, penicillium georgiense, and pichia kudriavzevii from harumanis mango (mangifera indica l.)

Microbes from the environment usually spoil fruits. Thus, this study was carried out to study fungi that play an important role in rot fruits. Several microbes were isolated using the culturedependent method, Penicillium georgiense, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Pichia kudriavzevii. All these gDNA extracted can be identified with their characteristic pathogenic properties or benefits through high-throughput sequencing technology and compared from the NCBI database's known sequence. This finding can be explored further in the future with further experimental validation processes

Evaluation of pre-treated healthcare wastes during COVID-19 pandemic reveals pathogenic microbiota, antibiotics residues, and antibiotic resistance genes against beta-lactams

The disposal of healthcare waste without prior elimination of pathogens and hazardous contaminants has negative effects on the environment and public health. This study aimed to profile the complete microbial community and correlate it with the antibiotic compounds identified in microwave pre-treated healthcare wastes collected from three different waste operators in Peninsular Malaysia. The bacterial and fungal compositions were determined via amplicon sequencing by targeting the full-length 16S rRNA gene and partial 18S with full-length ITS1–ITS2 regions, respectively. The antibiotic compounds were characterized using high-throughput spectrometry. There was significant variation in bacterial and fungal composition in three groups of samples, with alpha- (p-value = 0.04) and beta-diversity (p-values <0.006 and < 0.002), respectively. FC samples were found to acquire more pathogenic microorganisms than FA and FV samples. Paenibacillus and unclassified Bacilli genera were shared among three groups of samples, meanwhile, antibiotic-resistant bacteria Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis were found in modest quantities. A total of 19 antibiotic compounds were discovered and linked with the microbial abundance detected in the healthcare waste samples. The principal component analysis demonstrated a positive antibiotic-bacteria correlation for genera Pseudomonas, Aerococcus, Comamonas, and Vagococcus, while the other bacteria were negatively linked with antibiotics. Nevertheless, deep bioinformatic analysis confirmed the presence of blaTEM-1 and penP which are associated with the production of class A beta-lactamase and beta-lactam resistance pathways. Microorganisms and contaminants, which serve as putative indicators in healthcare waste treatment evaluation revealed the ineffectiveness of microbial inactivation using the microwave sterilization method. Our findings suggested that the occurrence of clinically relevant microorganisms, antibiotic contaminants, and associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) represent environmental and human health hazards when released into landfills via ARGs transmission