Hematidrosis and Hemolacria: a rare case of bloody sweat and tears

Hematidrosis is a very mysterious disorder in which healthy skin secretes blood while hemolacria is bloody tears. Scarce case reports mainly occurred in adolescent Asian girls. The majority were caused by psychogenic stress although systemic disease, blood problems, and strenuous physical exertion are possible etiologies. Specific investigation to establish the diagnosis is still a dilemma but a greater challenge in primary care is to identify and manage the stressor in a teenage patient

Evaluation of performance energy collection using five types of solar flat plate collector

Solar radiation is emitted from the sun and collected on the surface of the earth by solar collectors. Solar energy can be transformed into useful energy in the structure of thermal power. One of the foremosteconomic always is to reapheat by exploitationsolar Flat Plate Collector (FPC). The solar collector's function is to heat water from the atmosphere. Heated water can be used for domestic and industrial uses, etc. The types of FPCs involved in this study are, for the colour’s FPC (black collector versus white collector), material’s FPC (copper collector versus polypropylene collector) and glazing’s FPC (double glazing collector versus single glazing collector) by using the Energy Solar Trainer. The present work is aimed to predict the performance of FPC tested for three different days with different types of FPC using an application of water heating The sky was almost clear with an ambient temperature in the range 20o C-36.2o C. Readings are collected from 9.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. with the solar radiation intensity, I = 722 W/m2 and flow rate fixed at 2 Lm-1. The result shows that the efficiency of FPCs (colour, material and glazing), the colour’s FPC, and black collector is higher than white collector. While for material’s FPC, copper collector is higher than polypropylene collector. For the glazing’s FPC, double glazing collector is higher than single collector. For the overall FPCs efficiency, double glazing collector is the highest compared to others FPC

Design and development of trash trap of stream for mini hydro

The river became increasingly contaminated over the years and in the wake of rapid development in the town. The purpose of this paper is to invent and provide a trash collector for mini hydro that is readily removable so that the trashes collected can be easily disposed of. Design of the trash trap should be compatible with existing stream structures. Trash trap must prevent any trash and debris from passing through the mini hydro. Fieldwork was done at the stream river to investigate the surrounding and stream structure. The data collected were mass of trash collected with diverter and without diverter. A total of 10.0 kg of trashes were collected. The efficiency of the trash trap was calculated by the proportion of the average mass of diverted trashes by the total mass of trapped trashes. The targeted efficiency for this trash trap project is 70.0%. Based on the data collected, the efficiency of this trash trap is 84.12%. The targeted efficiency was achieved and design improvement of this trash trap will be discussed at the recommendation. In conclusion, the trash trap had been proven as a potential solution for the mini hydro machine problem, diverts and prevents most of the trashes from entering the mini hydro and blocked the turbine from rotating

Clinical audit on type 2 diabetes Mellitus patients in a teaching primary care clinic in Kuantan, Pahang

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and microvascular complications. Patients with DM require ongoing evaluation and monitoring. Primary care serves as the first line of care and provides appropriate clinical management to delay T2DM complications, thus improve quality of life. This audit aims to describe patient’s profile and identify clinic performance in DM management at IIUM Family Health Clinic. Kuantan

Compatibility issue related to the use of biodiesel with automotive materials

Biodiesel fuel can be used in diesel engine in accordance to the standard provided. However, a significant issue with biodiesel fuel was noted. Some of the fuel quality were outside the accepted range of the specification stated in the standard. Thus, this can be lead to the problem of utilization them in diesel engine. Moreover, material compatibility is the main concern whenever the fuel composition is altered in the fuel system. A large variety of metals and non-metals are worn as the material of construction for the various components of the fuel system. Introduction of biodiesel fuel often generate many problems in the components of the fuel system. This paper attempts to present the compatibility issue related to the use of biodiesel with automotive material

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council

Food borne illness risk factors assessment in UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia.

This study was conducted on 14 food dining halls in UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia to seek compliance and degree to food safety practices based on Food and Drug Administration, 2004 (FDA) assessment method and practices. The study incorporate interviews, observations, field assessments and discussion with the campus management in order to verify current states and practices. Overall results showed that food safety practices implemented in students’ dining halls in UiTM Shah Alam were at a good level (7 dining halls), satisfactory (6 dining halls) and unsatisfactory (1 dining hall). Food borne illness risk factors that were analyzed include safe food sources, food storing temperature and stock control, personal hygiene, cross contamination and safe food holding temperature. The two risks factors were at an acceptable level; safe food sources and personal hygiene. Safe food sources had achieved 92% and personal hygiene with 92.3% of the compliance level set by the FDA’s Food Safety Risk Level. Other risk factors; food storing temperature and stock control, safe food holding temperature and cross contamination were recorded at 74%, 72.5% and 69.6% of the level set which were out of compliance level based on the FDA assessment

Hematidrosis in young lass: an omen of stress

Hematidrosis, also known as hematohidrosis, is an unusual disorder in which healthy skin secretes blood. Scarce case reports mainly occurred in adolescent Asian girls. It is common to misdiagnose hematidrosis as a consequence of self-harm because it is often triggered by severe stress or psychiatric disorders. Early diagnosis will enable rapid treatment and intervention of the underlying diseases and stress, making it essential to understand this disease and its clinical features. We describe a case report of a 16-year-old Malay girl who presented to the clinic with a one-month history of episodic sweating blood from her forehead and occasionally bloody tears. Specific investigation to establish the diagnosis is still a dilemma, but a more significant challenge in primary care is identifying and managing a teenage patient's stressor

Haematidrosis in young lass: an omen of stress

Haematidrosis, also known as hematohidrosis, is an unusual disorder in which healthy skin secretes blood. Scarce case reports mainly occurred in adolescent Asian girls. It is common to misdiagnose haematidrosis as a consequence of self-harm because it is often triggered by severe stress or psychiatric disorders. Early diagnosis will enable rapid treatment and intervention of the underlying diseases and stress, making it essential to understand this disease and its clinical features. We describe a case report of a 16-year-old Malay girl who presented to the clinic with a 1-month history of episodic sweating blood from her forehead and occasionally bloody tears. Specific investigation to establish the diagnosis is still a dilemma, but a more significant challenge in primary care is identifying and managing a teenage patient's stressor