Análisis y comparativa energética del forjado aligerado frente a otras soluciones constructivas tradicionales

En los últimos años, el ahorro y la eficiencia energéticos se han convertido en uno de los aspectos más relevantes a tratar, y a la vez uno de los retos más difíciles de conseguir en el objetivo global de reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero en los distintos sectores económicos y sociales. Entre los sectores más importantes, se encuentra el sector de la construcción, en el cual se está generando un gran énfasis en la búsqueda de materiales con altas propiedades de aislamiento térmico y, a su vez, sostenibles y ambientalmente inofensivos. Uno de los materiales destacables para cumplir estos propósitos es el poliestireno expandido (EPS). Así pues, en este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se realizará un estudio del comportamiento energético del mismo en los forjados de un edificio, así como una comparación energética con las principales soluciones constructivas tradicionales, el forjado de hormigón y el forjado cerámico, para comprobar como contribuye al ahorro y eficiencia energéticos.In recent years, energy savings and efficiency have become one of the most relevant aspects to deal with, and at the same time one of the most difficult challenges in the overall objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the various economic and social sectors. Among the most important sectors, the construction industry stands out, in which a great emphasis is being put in the search for materials with high thermal insulation as well as sustainable and environmentally harmless properties. One of the remarkable materials to fulfil these purposes is the expanded polystyrene (EPS). Thus, in this dissertation a study of the energy behaviour of this material in a building´s slabs will be made, as well as an energy comparison with the main traditional constructive solutions, concrete slab and ceramic slab, to see how it contributes to energy savings and efficiencyDepartamento de Ciencias de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica, Expresión Gráfica en la Ingeniería, Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Ingeniería Mecánica e Ingeniería de los Procesos de FabricaciónGrado en Ingeniería Mecánic

Aprovechamiento de los residuos blandos de concha de abanico, Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819), para producir harina de alto contenido proteico

The scallop soft waste obtained during processing is discarded, generating environmental liabilities to the mariculture industry in Peru. However, these residues constitute a potential raw material to produce meal for balanced feeds. In this sense, a methodology was developed for the elaboration of meal from the soft residues of the Peruvian scallop. The product obtained had a composition of 61% protein, 7.5% fat and 11.7% moisture. The development of technologies that allow the processing of large volumes of waste could contribute to the more efficient and profitable use of this raw material.Los residuos blandos de concha de abanico obtenidos durante su procesamiento son descartados, generando pasivos ambientales a la industria de la maricultura en el Perú. Sin embargo, estos residuos constituyen una potencial materia prima para la elaboración de harina con fines de formulación de alimento balanceado. En este sentido, se desarrolló una metodología para la elaboración de harina a partir de los residuos blandos de la concha de abanico. El producto final obtenido tuvo una composición de 61% de proteínas, 7.5% de grasas y 11.7% de humedad. El desarrollo de tecnologías que permitan el procesamiento de grandes volúmenes de residuos de concha de abanico podría contribuir al uso más eficiente y rentable de esta materia prima

The protective association of endogenous immunoglobulins against sepsis mortality is restricted to patients with moderate organ failure

Immunoglobulines; Sèpsia; SupervivènciaInmunoglobulinas; Sepsis; SupervivenciaImmunoglobulins; Sepsis; SurvivalBackground Pre-evaluation of endogenous immunoglobulin levels is a potential strategy to improve the results of intravenous immunoglobulins in sepsis, but more work has to be done to identify those patients who could benefit the most from this treatment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of endogenous immunoglobulins on the mortality risk in sepsis depending on disease severity. Methods This was a retrospective observational study including 278 patients admitted to the ICU with sepsis fulfilling the SEPSIS-3 criteria, coming from the Spanish GRECIA and ABISS-EDUSEPSIS cohorts. Patients were distributed into two groups depending on their Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at ICU admission (SOFA < 8, n = 122 and SOFA ≥ 8, n = 156), and the association between immunoglobulin levels at ICU admission with mortality was studied in each group by Kaplan–Meier and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results ICU/hospital mortality in the SOFA < 8 group was 14.8/23.0%, compared to 30.1/35.3% in the SOFA ≥ 8 group. In the group with SOFA < 8, the simultaneous presence of total IgG < 407 mg/dl, IgM < 43 mg/dl and IgA < 219 mg/dl was associated with a reduction in the survival mean time of 6.6 days in the first 28 days and was a robust predictor of mortality risk either during the acute or during the post-acute phase of the disease (OR for ICU mortality: 13.79; OR for hospital mortality: 7.98). This predictive ability remained in the absence of prior immunosuppression (OR for ICU mortality: 17.53; OR for hospital mortality: 5.63). Total IgG < 407 mg/dl or IgG1 < 332 mg/dl was also an independent predictor of ICU mortality in this group. In contrast, in the SOFA ≥ 8 group, we found no immunoglobulin thresholds associated with neither ICU nor hospital mortality. Conclusions Endogenous immunoglobulin levels may have a different impact on the mortality risk of sepsis patients based on their severity. In patients with moderate organ failure, the simultaneous presence of low levels of IgG, IgA and IgM was a consistent predictor of both acute and post-acute mortalities.Funding was provided by SACYL (Grant No. BOCYL-D-26072010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Grant Nos. EMER 07/050, PI12-01815)

Methodologies and effects of weight cutting approaches in Olympic Wrestling: a review

La Lucha fue un deporte fundamental en los Juegos Olímpicos antiguos y todavía hoy sigue siendo una de las modalidades más populares en el Juegos Olímpico modernos. Actualmente, la Lucha Olímpica es un deporte de combate basado en un sistema de categorías por pesos que trata de equilibrar el potencial físico entre rivales, y por consiguiente aumentar el porcentaje del rendimiento que depende de las habilidades técnico-tácticas y psicológicas que cada luchador demuestra sobre el tapiz. Este sistema de categorías por peso obliga a todos los luchadores a cumplir o “dar el peso” unas pocas horas antes del comienzo del torneo, por lo que a lo largo de las últimas décadas los luchadores han puesto en práctica numerosas estrategias y metodologías de reducción de la masa corporal de cara a este pesaje oficial. En esta revisión se describirán pormenorizadamente estas metodologías de pérdida abrupta de masa corporal, así como los efectos que estas estrategias tienen sobre el rendimiento físico de los luchadores. Igualmente, y en base a evidencias científicas, se realizarán propuestas de adecuación y actualización de este reglamento oficial, considerado por la mayor parte de los científicos y técnicos relacionados con esta modalidad como parcialmente desfasado y en ocasiones irracional.Wrestling was an important part of the ancient Olympic Games and is still one of the more popular events of the modern Olympic Games. Nowadays, this combat sport is based on a weight class system which aims to balance out the physical characteristics between wrestlers and therefore increase the percentage of performance that depends on technical and psychological skills. This weight class system requires all wrestlers to "make weight" few hours before the tournament begins, so that over the last decades the wrestlers have implemented numerous kinds of weight cutting approaches before the official weighing. In this review the authors aim to perform a detailed description of these weight cutting strategies and their effects on the physical fitness performance of the wrestlers Furthermore, and based on scientific data, there will be proposals for adapting and updating these official rules, considered by most scientists and coaches as partially outdated and sometimes irrational.peerReviewe

Circulating neutrophil counts and mortality in septic shock

Producción CientíficaPolynuclear neutrophils can play dual roles in sepsis: on the one hand they mediate major antimicrobial activities and on the other hand they can contribute to the development of multiple organ failure [1]. Nonetheless, in spite of the importance of these cells in sepsis, the influence of the circulating neutrophil count (CNC) on the prognosis of septic patients with this pathology has not been properly evaluated. We analyzed the association between CNC and outcome in two cohorts of patients with diagnostic criteria of septic shock (SS) [2]: the first was recruited in the context of a single center study (EXPRESS study, discovery cohort, n = 195; Table 1), and the second in the context of a multi-centric study (GRECIA study, validation cohort, n = 194; Table 2). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient or their legal representative. The two studies were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain (for the EXPRESS study) and Hospital Universitario Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spain (coordinating center for the GRECIA study).Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant PI 10/01362)Junta de Castilla y León (grant BOCYL-D-26072010

Whole-Blood Mitochondrial DNA Copies Are Associated With the Prognosis of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome After Sepsis.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34557198/#:~:text=Resumen-,El%20s%C3%ADndrome%20de%20dificultad%20respiratoria%20aguda%20(SDRA)%20es%20un%20proceso,v%C3%ADnculos%20mec%C3%A1nicos%20de%20esta%20observaci%C3%B3n%20con%20la%20patogenia%20del%20SDRA.,-Palabras%20clave%3A%20SDR

Common Variants of TLR1 Associate with Organ Dysfunction and Sustained Pro-Inflammatory Responses during Sepsis

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critical components for host pathogen recognition and variants in genes participating in this response influence susceptibility to infections. Recently, TLR1 gene polymorphisms have been found correlated with whole blood hyper-inflammatory responses to pathogen-associated molecules and associated with sepsis-associated multiorgan dysfunction and acute lung injury (ALI). We examined the association of common variants of TLR1 gene with sepsis-derived complications in an independent study and with serum levels for four inflammatory biomarker among septic patients. Methodology/Principal Findings: Seven tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms of the TLR1 gene were genotyped in samples from a prospective multicenter case-only study of patients with severe sepsis admitted into a network of intensive care units followed for disease severity. Interleukin (IL)-1 b, IL-6, IL-10, and C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels were measured at study entry, at 48 h and at 7th day. Alleles -7202G and 248Ser, and the 248Ser-602Ile haplotype were associated with circulatory dysfunction among severe septic patients (0.001<=p <= 0.022), and with reduced IL-10 (0.012<= p <=0.047) and elevated CRP (0.011<= p <=0.036) serum levels during the first week of sepsis development. Additionally, the -7202GG genotype was found to be associated with hospital mortality (p =0.017) and ALI (p =0.050) in a combined analysis with European Americans, suggesting common risk effects among studies Conclusions/Significance: These results partially replicate and extend previous findings, supporting that variants of TLR1 gene are determinants of severe complications during sepsis

Serum Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein Levels Predict Severity of Lung Injury and Mortality in Patients with Severe Sepsis

Background: There is a need for biomarkers insuring identification of septic patients at high-risk for death. We performed a prospective, multicenter, observational study to investigate the time-course of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) serum levels in patients with severe sepsis and examined whether serial serum levels of LBP could be used as a marker of outcome. Methodology/Principal Findings: LBP serum levels at study entry, at 48 hours and at day-7 were measured in 180 patients with severe sepsis. Data regarding the nature of infections, disease severity, development of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and intensive care unit (ICU) outcome were recorded. LBP serum levels were similar in survivors and non-survivors at study entry (117.4±75.7 µg/mL vs. 129.8±71.3 µg/mL, P = 0.249) but there were significant differences at 48 hours (77.2±57.0 vs. 121.2±73.4 µg/mL, P<0.0001) and at day-7 (64.7±45.8 vs. 89.7±61.1 µg/ml, p = 0.017). At 48 hours, LBP levels were significantly higher in ARDS patients than in ALI patients (112.5±71.8 µg/ml vs. 76.6±55.9 µg/ml, P = 0.0001). An increase of LBP levels at 48 hours was associated with higher mortality (odds ratio 3.97; 95%CI: 1.84–8.56; P<0.001). Conclusions/Significance: Serial LBP serum measurements may offer a clinically useful biomarker for identification of patients with severe sepsis having the worst outcomes and the highest probability of developing sepsis-induced ARDS

Association Between Preexisting Versus Newly Identified Atrial Fibrillation and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) may exist before or occur early in the course of pulmonary embolism (PE). We determined the PE outcomes based on the presence and timing of AF. Methods and Results Using the data from a multicenter PE registry, we identified 3 groups: (1) those with preexisting AF, (2) patients with new AF within 2 days from acute PE (incident AF), and (3) patients without AF. We assessed the 90-day and 1-year risk of mortality and stroke in patients with AF, compared with those without AF (reference group). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 792 had preexisting AF. These patients had increased odds of 90-day all-cause (odds ratio [OR], 2.81; 95% CI, 2.33-3.38) and PE-related mortality (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.37-4.14) and increased 1-year hazard for ischemic stroke (hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.10-9.69) compared with those without AF. After multivariable adjustment, preexisting AF was associated with significantly increased odds of all-cause mortality (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.57-2.32) but not PE-related mortality (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 0.85-2.66). Among 16 497 patients with PE, 445 developed new incident AF within 2 days of acute PE. Incident AF was associated with increased odds of 90-day all-cause (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.75-2.97) and PE-related (OR, 3.64; 95% CI, 2.01-6.59) mortality but not stroke. Findings were similar in multivariable analyses. Conclusions In patients with acute symptomatic PE, both preexisting AF and incident AF predict adverse clinical outcomes. The type of adverse outcomes may differ depending on the timing of AF onset.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio