Dietary fatty acids and lipoproteins on progression of age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a medical condition of central loss vision and blindness. Numerous studies have revealed that changes on certain dietary fatty acids (FAs) could have useful for AMD management. This review summarizes the effects of dietary omega-3 long-chain PUFAs, MUFAs, and SFAs, and lipoproteins on AMD. Findings are consistent with the beneficial role of dietary omega-3 long-chain PUFAs, while the effects of dietary MUFAs and SFAs appeared to be ambiguous with respect to the possible protection from MUFAs and to the possible adverse impact from SFAs on AMD. Some of the pathological mechanisms associated with lipoproteins on AMD share those observed previously in cardiovascular diseases. It was also noticed that the effects of FAs in the diet and lipoprotein on AMD could be modulated by genetic variants. From a population health perspective, the findings of this review are in favour of omega-3 long-chain FAs recommendations in a preventive and therapeutic regimen to attain lower AMD occurrence and progression rates. Additional long-term and short-term nutrigenomic studies are required to clearly establish the role and the relevance of interaction of dietary FAs, lipoproteins, and genes in the genesis and progression of AMD

Folate transport by prawn hepatopancreas brush-border membrane vesicles.

The transport system of folic acid (Pte-Glu) b y brush-borde r membrane vesicles (BBMV ) isolated from prawn (Penaeus japonicm) hepatopancreas , was studied by measuring the uptake of Pte-Glu . This uptake was found to have two components , intravesicular transport and membrane binding . Membrane binding was not affected by the presence of a trans - membrane pH-gradient at a short incubation period . However , a transmembrane pH - gradient increased membrane binding at 6 0 min. The transpor to f Pte-Glu appeared to be carrier-mediated , was stimulated by an inwardly proton gradient (p H 5. 5 outside , 7. 4 inside ) and was unaffected by a sodium-gradient . The relationship between pH gradient-driven Pte-Glu uptake and medium Pte-Glu concentration followed saturating Michaelis-Menten kinetics . Eadie-Hofste e representation of the pH gradient-driven Pte-Glu uptake indicated a single transport system with a Km of 0.3 7 ^ Man d Vmax of 1.06pmol/mg protein/15s . These findings indicate that BBM V isolated from prawn hepatopancreas possesses a Pte - Glu transport system similar to that described in mammalian intestine

Unsaponifiable fraction isolated from grape (vitis vinifera l.) seed oil attenuates oxidative and inflammatory responses in human primary monocytes

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) seed has well-known potential for production of oil as a byproduct of winemaking and is a rich source of bioactive compounds. Herein, we report that the unsaponifiable fraction (UF) isolated from grape seed oil (GSO) possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties towards human primary monocytes. The UF isolated from GSO was phytochemically characterized by GC-MS and HPLC. Freshly obtained human monocytes were used to analyse the effects of GSOUF (10–100 μg mL−1) on oxidative and inflammatory responses using FACS analysis, RT-qPCR, and ELISA procedures. GSOUF skewed the monocyte plasticity towards the anti-inflammatory non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes and reduced the inflammatory competence of LPS-treated human primary monocytes diminishing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 gene expression and secretion. In addition, GSOUF showed a strong reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity, reducing significantly nitrite levels with a significant decrease in Nos2 gene expression. Our results suggest that the UF isolated from GSO has significant potential for the management of inflammatory and oxidative conditions and offer novel benefits derived from the consumption of GSO in the prevention of inflammation-related diseases

MUFAs in High-Fat Diets Protect against Obesity-Induced Bias of Hematopoietic Cell Lineages

Scope: The role of dietary fatty acids in the generation of bone marrow (BM) immune cells and their trafficking to extramedullary compartments in the obesity is not yet fully understood. Methods and Results: C57BL/6J mice are randomly assigned to isocaloric high-fat diets (HFDs) formulate with dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) or MUFAs fortified with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for 20 weeks, followed by profiling of the obese metabolic phenotype and immunophenotypic features of immune cells in blood, spleen, and BM. All HFDs induce an obese phenotype, but it becomes largely less disruptive after the HFDs are enriched in MUFAs, which also induce signs of granulopoiesis and an expansion of long-term hematopoietic stem and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells in BM. In contrast, a HFD enriched in SFAs disturbs the fitness of medullary lymphocytes and promotes monopoiesis in favor of pro-inflammatory activated subsets. Conclusion: The reshaping of the fatty acid pools with MUFAs from the diet serves to manipulate the generation and trafficking of immune cells that are biased during obesity. These findings reveal a novel strategy by which dietary MUFAs may be instrumental in combating HFD-induced dysfunctional immune systems.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades AGL2016-80852-

Minor compounds from virgin olive oil attenuate LPS-induced inflammation via visfatin-related gene modulation on primary human monocytes

We have analyzed the effects of minor compounds found in the unsaponifiable fraction (UF) and in the phenolic fraction (PF) of virgin olive oil (VOO) on LPS-induced inflammatory response via visfatin modulation in human monocytes. For this purpose, monocytes were incubated with UF and PF at different concentrations and the pro-inflammatory stimulus LPS for 24 hr; squalene (SQ) and hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), the main components in UF and PF, respectively, were also used. The relative expression of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, as well as other genes related to the NAD+-biosynthetic pathway was evaluated by RT-qPCR; and the secretion of some of these markers was assessed by ELISA procedures. We found that UF, SQ, PF, and HTyr prevented from LPS-induced dysfunctional gene expression and secretion via visfatin-related gene modulation in human monocytes. These findings unveil a potential beneficial role for minor compounds of VOO in the prevention of inflammatory-disorders. Practical application: In this project, potential health benefits of VOO micronutrients (unsaponifiable and phenolic compounds) were confirmed through anti-inflammatory assays. Our results reveal new interesting researching goals concerning nutrition by considering the role of bioactive VOO compounds in the prevention and progress of diseases related to inflammation

Desmontando mi colección. Exergos sobre la exposición

Los distintos miembros del Grupo de Investigación FIDEX (Figuras del exceso. Políticas del cuerpo) de la Universidad Miguel Hernández, explican a los alumnos de la Facultad de Bellas Artes y público en general los distintos parámetros discursivos y de producción de sus respectivas obras expuestas en la exhibición "The Collector", que tuvo lugar en la Sala de Exposiciones de la Facultad de Bellas Artes de la Universidad de Málaga desde el 3 al 31 de octubre de 2019.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Oleic acid—the main component of olive oil on postprandial metabolic processes

2 Tablas.-- 6 FigurasWhile virtually all-clinical studies for the evaluation of health status are conducted in individuals at fasting, the postprandium, that is, “the period that comprises and follows a meal,” remains as an interval of the day characterized by significant but silent metabolic disturbances that, although they are considered physiological, they may cease to be due to high amounts or quality of nutrients, and/or intrinsic factors that influence the metabolic response to such nutrients. In those cases, if repetitive, disproportionate, and long lasting, the postprandial metabolism can become a pathological condition involved in the genesis of multiple disorders, some of which may be potentially life threatening in the long term. After meals rich in fats and carbohydrates the postprandial increased levels of triglycerides and glucose can be accompanied by oxidative stress and, less well known, activation of blood clotting cascade, peripheral insulin resistance, and inflammation. The goal of this chapter is to provide an update of the information on the relevance of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), notably oleic acid, in olive oil regarding saturated fatty acids (SFA) in dietary fats to influence postprandial metabolic processes related to blood coagulation, β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. Data are consistent with the view that the oleic-to-palmitic-acid ratio (MUFA/SFA) in olive oil may have a beneficial impact on postprandial levels of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, with a restraint of postprandial hyperactivity of β-cells, insulin resistance, and proinflammatory response. We suggest that the Mediterranean diet can reduce cardiovascular events and disease in part due to the high oleic acid content in olive oil and its impact on postprandial hemostatic system and glucose and tissue homeostasis.This study was supported by grants from the MCYT and MEC (AGL2001-0584, AGL2004–04958, AGL2011–29008, and AGL2016–80852-R) and by a grant from the Fundación CEAS (Centro de Excelencia en Investigación sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud). MAR acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Research Council (CSIC)/Juan de la Cierva (FJCI-2017–33132).Peer reviewe

CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in bone marrow to fatty acids in high-fat diets

13 Páginas.-- 5 Figuras.--3 TablasObesity is associated with disruptions in the adaptive immune system; however, dietary fatty acids in high-fat diets (HFDs) that induce obesity have consequences that are currently unclear regarding T-cell maintenance in bone marrow (BM). C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to isocaloric HFDs formulated with dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or MUFAs supplemented with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for 20 weeks, followed by an analysis of the immunophenotypic feature of lymphocytes (CD3+) T and their subsets CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen and BM, identification of fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and analysis of the correspondence between fatty acids with the frequency of T-cell subsets in BM. Splenic CD3+ T cells were reduced irrespective of HFDs. In BM, CD3+ T cells were reduced after HFD-SFAs, while CD4+ T cells were increased after HFDs enriched in MUFAs and CD8+ T cells were reduced irrespective of HFDs. In BM extracellular fluid, the content of palmitic and myristic acids increased after HFD-SFAs and that of oleic acid increased after HFDs enriched in MUFAs. There was a statistical correspondence between HFD-induced changes in fatty acids in BM extracellular fluid and HFD-induced changes in the frequency of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in BM. These findings reveal an undervalued critical role for dietary fatty acids in the selective acquisition of T-cell subsets in BM, highlighting that oleic acid existing in the surroundings of T-cell niches during HFD-induced obesity could be instrumental in the maintenance of CD4+ T cells.This work was supported by a grant AGL2016-80852-R funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe.”Peer reviewe

Propuestas y perspectivas de investigación en el área de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura: nuevos horizontes en la era de lo emocional y lo poscomunicativo

Innovation in Didactics of Language and Literature is the mail core of the present monographic edition