Comparison of Motivation to Participate in Physical Activity between Individuals with and without Smartwatch Use

This study aimed to determine and compare the motivations of individuals using and not using smartwatches with the physical activity tracking feature to engage in physical activity. Of the 311 individuals who were contacted on social media platforms and volunteered to participate in the study, randomly selected 100 individuals, half using smartwatches and half not using smartwatches, were included in the sample. As data collection tools, a personal information form prepared by the researchers was used to determine the personal characteristics of the participants, and the fitness/energy release and action/activity status subscales of the Participation Motivation Questionnaire (PMQ), developed by Gill et al. in 1983 and adapted to Turkish by Oyar et al. in 2001, was administered to measure the participants' level of engaging in physical activity. The data obtained from the data collection tools were subjected to statistical analyses using SPSS v. 26 software. Parametrical statistics were used in line with the results of the data normality test. According to the research findings, the participants who used smartwatches had a significantly higher score in the fitness/energy release subscale of PMQ (x2.14 +/-.466) compared to those that did not use smartwatches (g1.79 +/-.351) (p=.036). According to the point-biserial correlation analysis, there was a statistically significant, positive, and strong correlation between using smartwatches and motivation to participate in sports for the fitness/energy release subscale (rpb=.694, p<.001)

Water and tissue equivalence properties of biological materials for photons, electrons, protons and alpha particles in the energy region 10 keV–1 GeV: a comparative study

<p><b>Purpose:</b> To compare some biological materials in respect to the water and tissue equivalence properties for photon, electron, proton and alpha particle interactions as means of the effective atomic number (<i>Z_eff</i>) and electron density (<i>N_e</i>).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> A Z-wise interpolation procedure has been adopted for calculation of <i>Z_eff</i> using the mass attenuation coefficients for photons and the mass stopping powers for charged particles.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> At relatively low energies (100 keV–3 MeV), <i>Z_eff</i> and <i>N_e</i> for photons and electrons were found to be constant while they vary much more for protons and alpha particles. In contrast, <i>Z_eff</i> and <i>N_e</i> for protons and alpha particles were found to be constant after 3 MeV whereas for photons and electrons they were found to increase with the increasing energy. Also, muscle eq. liquid (with sucrose) have <i>Z_eff</i> and <i>N_e </i>values close to the Muscle Skeletal (ICRP) and Muscle Striated (ICRU) within low relative differences below 9%. Muscle eq. liquid (without sucrose) have <i>Z_eff</i> and <i>N_e</i> values close to the Muscle Skeletal (ICRP) and Muscle Striated (ICRU) with difference below 10%.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The reported data should be useful in determining best water as well as tissue equivalent materials for photon, electron, proton and alpha particle interactions.</p

A study of the effective atomic number of SixPb0.7-x(Fe2O3)0.3 ternary alloys for photons

The effective atomic number (Zeff) of SixPb0.7-x(Fe2O3)0.3 ternary alloys was obtained for photons. Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratio (R/C) has been determined to obtain the Zeff of SixPb0.7-x(Fe2O3)0.3 ternary alloys of varying Si and Pb (10 %-60 %) content for scattering of 59.54 keV g-rays at an angle of 130°. The theoretical R/C ratios of elements were plotted as a function of the atomic number and fitted to a polynomial equation. Experimental R/C values of alloys were then used to obtain Zeff using this fit equation. Also, Zeff values of these alloys were determined for the first time by interpolating the R/C of the material using the R/C data of adjacent elements in between the R/C of the alloy lies. The agreement between the interpolation method and the fit equation was quite satisfactory. The obtained Zeff for photon scattering were then compared to the Zeff for total photon attenuation obtained using the Auto-Zeff program. Significant variations were observed between the Zeff for scattering and the total attenuation of gamma rays